Fecal excretion pattern of bile acids in rats fed high fat diets and neomycin in induced colon tumorigenesis

The fecal excretion of phospholipids was determined in three adult males during the last 4 days of eight dietary periods of 8–16 days on high corn oil and butterfat diets (35–60% of calories from fat). The phospholipids were isolated, identified, and quantitatively estimated by a combination of column, thin-layer, and gas chromatographic techniques. On both high fat diets the chief components of the fecal phospholipid mixtures were tentatively identified as phosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl choline, and phosphatidyl inositol. The output of total phospholipids in three subjects on butterfat ranged between 33 and 168 mg/day. Substitution of hydrogenated corn oil (45% of calories) and corn oil (60% of calories) for butterfat (35–60% of calories) led to increased excretion of phospholipids, 300 and 430 mg/day, respectively, for hydrogenated and refined corn oil. Addition of sitosterol to a butterfat diet also led to increased phospholipid output (208 mg/day), as did the mixing of butterfat and corn oil (180 mg/day). The changes in the total output of the phospholipids were accompanied by alterations in the proportions of the individual phospholipids as well as of the component fatty acids. It is concluded that the ingestion of corn oil or plant sterol leads to increased fecal output of phospholipids, when compared with butterfat and fat-free diets. A change in the activity or the population of the intestinal flora is suggested to explain this observation.

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Dietary and Pharmacologic Manipulations of Host Lipids and Their Interaction With the Gut Microbiome in Non-human Primates

Frontiers in Medicine ◽

10.3389/fmed.2021.646710 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Jennifer M. Lang ◽

Leslie R. Sedgeman ◽

Lei Cai ◽

Joseph D. Layne ◽

Zhen Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bile Acids ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Antisense Oligonucleotide ◽

Plasma Lipid ◽

Dietary Lipids ◽

Lipid Levels ◽

High Fat ◽

High Fat Diets ◽

Fat Diets ◽

Total Bile Acids

The gut microbiome influences nutrient processing as well as host physiology. Plasma lipid levels have been associated with the microbiome, although the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown, and the effects of dietary lipids on the gut microbiome in humans are not well-studied. We used a compilation of four studies utilizing non-human primates (Chlorocebus aethiops and Macaca fascicularis) with treatments that manipulated plasma lipid levels using dietary and pharmacological techniques, and characterized the microbiome using 16S rDNA. High-fat diets significantly reduced alpha diversity (Shannon) and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio compared to chow diets, even when the diets had different compositions and were applied in different orders. When analyzed for differential abundance using DESeq2, Bulleidia, Clostridium, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, Coprocacillus, Lachnospira, Blautia, Coprococcus, and Oscillospira were greater in both chow diets while Succinivibrio, Collinsella, Streptococcus, and Lactococcus were greater in both high-fat diets (oleic blend or lard fat source). Dietary cholesterol levels did not affect the microbiome and neither did alterations of plasma lipid levels through treatments of miR-33 antisense oligonucleotide (anti-miR-33), Niemann–Pick C1-Like 1 (NPC1L1) antisense oligonucleotide (ASO), and inducible degrader of LDLR (IDOL) ASO. However, a liver X receptor (LXR) agonist shifted the microbiome and decreased bile acid levels. Fifteen genera increased with the LXR agonist, while seven genera decreased. Pseudomonas increased on the LXR agonist and was negatively correlated to deoxycholic acid, cholic acid, and total bile acids while Ruminococcus was positively correlated with taurolithocholic acid and taurodeoxycholic acid. Seven of the nine bile acids identified in the feces significantly decreased due to the LXR agonist, and total bile acids (nmol/g) was reduced by 62%. These results indicate that plasma lipid levels have, at most, a modest effect on the microbiome, whereas bile acids, derived in part from plasma lipids, are likely responsible for the indirect relationship between lipid levels and the microbiome.

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Non-Fasting Factor VII Coagulant Activity (FVII:C) Increased by High-Fat Diet

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1642518 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 71 (06) ◽

pp. 755-758 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

E M Bladbjerg ◽

P Marckmann ◽

B Sandström ◽

J Jespersen

Keyword(s):

High Fat Diet ◽

Fat Content ◽

Factor Vii ◽

Amidolytic Activity ◽

High Fat ◽

Low Fat Diet ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Coagulant Activity ◽

High Fat Diets ◽

Fat Diets

SummaryPreliminary observations have suggested that non-fasting factor VII coagulant activity (FVII:C) may be related to the dietary fat content. To confirm this, we performed a randomised cross-over study. Seventeen young volunteers were served 2 controlled isoenergetic diets differing in fat content (20% or 50% of energy). The 2 diets were served on 2 consecutive days. Blood samples were collected at 8.00 h, 16.30 h and 19.30 h, and analysed for triglycerides, FVII coagulant activity using human (FVII:C) or bovine thromboplastin (FVII:Bt), and FVII amidolytic activity (FVIPAm). The ratio FVII:Bt/FVII:Am (a measure of FVII activation) increased from fasting levels on both diets, but most markedly on the high-fat diet. In contrast, FVII: Am (a measure of FVII protein) tended to decrease from fasting levels on both diets. FVII:C rose from fasting levels on the high-fat diet, but not on the low-fat diet. The findings suggest that high-fat diets increase non-fasting FVII:C, and consequently may be associated with increased risk of thrombosis.

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