Assessment and management of the performance risk of a pilot reclaimed water disinfection process

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1992-2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangyu Zhou ◽  
Xinhua Zhao ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Qing Wu
Keyword(s):  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Performance Risk ◽  
Disinfection Process

DISINFEKSI UNTUK PROSES PENGOLAHAN AIR MINUM

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nusa Idaman Said
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Disinfection Byproducts ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Microbiological Contamination ◽  
Disinfection Process

Water disinfection means the removal, deactivation or killing of pathogenic microorganisms. Microorganisms are destroyed or deactivated, resulting in termination of growth and reproduction. When microorganisms are not removed from drinking water, drinking water usage will cause people to fall ill. Chemical inactivation of microbiological contamination in natural or untreated water is usually one of the final steps to reduce pathogenic microorganisms in drinking water. Combinations of water purification steps (oxidation, coagulation, settling, disinfection, and filtration) cause (drinking) water to be safe after production. As an extra measure many countries apply a second disinfection step at the end of the water purification process, in order to protect the water from microbiological contamination in the water distribution system. Usually one uses a different kind of disinfectant from the one earlier in the process, during this disinfection process. The secondary disinfection makes sure that bacteria will not multiply in the water during distribution. This paper describes several technique of disinfection process for drinking water treatment. Disinfection can be attained by means of physical or chemical disinfectants. The agents also remove organic contaminants from water, which serve as nutrients or shelters for microorganisms. Disinfectants should not only kill microorganisms. Disinfectants must also have a residual effect, which means that they remain active in the water after disinfection. For chemical disinfection of water the following disinfectants can be used such as Chlorine (Cl2),  Hypo chlorite (OCl-), Chloramines, Chlorine dioxide (ClO2), Ozone (O3), Hydrogen peroxide etch. For physical disinfection of water the following disinfectants can be used is Ultraviolet light (UV). Every technique has its specific advantages and and disadvantages its own application area sucs as environmentally friendly, disinfection byproducts, effectivity, investment, operational costs etc. Kata Kunci : Disinfeksi, bakteria, virus, air minum, khlor, hip khlorit, khloramine, khlor dioksida, ozon, UV.

Disinfection By-Products (DBPs) in Drinking Water from Eight Systems Using Chlorine Dioxide

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocio Aranda Rodriguez ◽  
Boniface Koudjonou ◽  
Brian Jay ◽  
Guy L. LeBel ◽  
Frank M. Benoit
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Spatial Variations ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Disinfection Process ◽  
The One ◽  
By Products

Abstract A study was initiated to determine the presence of organic disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water treated with chlorine dioxide (ClO2). One potential advantage for the use of ClO2 as a disinfectant is the reduced formation of organic DBPs. Generally, water treated with ClO2 produces chlorite and chlorate ions, but there is limited information regarding the presence of halogenated organic DBPs. Eight systems that use chlorine dioxide as part of the water disinfection process were investigated. All systems in this study applied chlorine as a primary or secondary disinfectant in addition to ClO2. To evaluate seasonal and spatial variations, water samples were collected during cold water (February to March 2003) and warm water (July to August 2003) months at five sites for each system: raw water (R, before treatment), treated water (T, after treatment but before distribution), and three points along the same distribution line (D1, D2, D3). Sampling and analysis were conducted according to established protocols. A suite of 27 organic DBPs including haloacetic acids (HAA), trihalomethanes (THM), haloacetonitriles (HAN), haloketones, haloacetaldehydes (HA), chloropicrin, and cyanogen chloride were examined. In addition, the concentration of oxyhalides (chlorite and chlorate ions) and auxiliary parameters were also determined. Chlorite was found in treated (T) and distributed (Dx) waters. The chlorite ion levels decreased along the distribution system (T > D1 > D2 > D3). At T sites, the levels ranged from 10 to 870 µg/L (winter), and from 300 to 1,600 µg/L (summer). Chlorite was not found in treated or distributed water in the one system that used ozone. Chlorate ion levels ranged from 20 to 310 µg/L (winter), and 80 to 318 µg/L (summer). Chlorate levels remained relatively constant throughout the distribution system. THM and eight HAA (HAA8) accounted for approximately 85% of the total DBPs (wt/wt) analyzed, followed by total HA (up to 7%) and HAN (3%). THM in distributed water were found at concentrations between 1.8 and 30.6 µg/L (winter), and 3.3 and 93.6 µg/L (summer). For HAA8, the levels ranged from 13 to 52 µg/L (winter), and 16 to 111 µg/L (summer). Chloral hydrate ranged from 0.2 to 5.2 µg/L (winter), and 0.4 to 12.2 µg/L (summer). The temporal and spatial variations observed in previous studies were confirmed in the current study as well.

Ozone and Ozone/Peroxide for Reclaimed Water Disinfection

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (8) ◽  
pp. 7484-7491
Author(s):  
Andrew T. Salveson ◽  
Erica Mahar ◽  
Nicki Pozos ◽  
Charles Borg ◽  
Shawn Ferron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Water Disinfection

SEQUENTIAL CHLORINATION FOR RECLAIMED WATER DISINFECTION

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 (16) ◽  
pp. 2552-2564
Author(s):  
Shiaw-Jy Huitric ◽  
Chi-Chung Tang ◽  
Jeff Kuo ◽  
Micheal Creel ◽  
Dave Snyder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Water Disinfection

scholarly journals Mixing time study in agitated multiple-lamp UV photoreactor using electrical resistance tomography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Fang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Electrical Resistance Tomography ◽  
Rushton Turbine ◽  
Disinfection Process ◽  
Impeller Type ◽  
Uv Lamps ◽  
The Impact

The present study is devoted to the mixing time investigation in a single stirrer UV photoreactor aiming at the drinking water disinfection process. Electrical resistance tomography (ERT) was employed to measure the mixing quality due to the significant advantages. The reactor was a flat-bottomed cylindrical tank with a diameter of 38.1 cm and a height of 60.1 cm fitted with four symmetrically located vertical baffles. The performaces of a 6-blade Rushton turbine and a 4-blade 45° pitched-blade turbine were explored in this study. In the absence of the UV light, four PVC rods were used to replace four UV lamps and evaluate the impact of the locations of the UV tubes on the mixing time. The experimental results demonstrated the feasibility of the ERT system to monitor the mixing process in the UV photoreactor. The ERT results also indicated that the locations of the UV tubes had a signigicant impact on the mixing performance in such a batch stirred tank reactor. Other parameters encompassing the impeller rotational speed the impeller type, and off-bottom clearance were presented with respect to the extensive effects on the mixing time and power consumption.

scholarly journals APPLYING THE CAVITATION EFFECT DURING ANIMAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. Komarova ◽  
◽  
A. V. Slabunova ◽  
S. E. Haritonov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Livestock Wastewater ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Cavitation Effect ◽  
Disinfection Process ◽  
Animal Wastewater

Purpose: to analyze the advantages of cavitation disinfection of wastewater of various origins, including animal husbandry wastewater. Discussion. The problem of purification and utilization of livestock wastewater in Russia is quite acute, as well as the search for an alternative source of water for irrigating crops, one of the ways of solving these problems is the use of wastewater in irrigation. However, such a solution, in its turn, has its own difficulties associated with sanitary and hygienic requirements, large capital investments are needed to prepare wastewater for irrigation, the conventional treatment systems are large and complex. This arouses particular interest to the study of water disinfection by cavitation treatment. The analysis showed that the cavitation method has established itself as a reagent-free, economically and energetically beneficial water disinfection, which is used in many areas of activity. Conclusions: the cavitation method of purification and disinfection of various types of wastewater has clear advantages over existing methods. However, it requires further deeper and more detailed study of the disinfection process of wastewater from animal husbandry with the possibility of obtaining a purified and disinfected liquid, rich in organic substances, having a fertilizing value during irrigating crops.

scholarly journals Changes in The Content of Biodegradable Organic Matter in Tap Water in The City of Częstochowa / Zmiany Zawartości Biodegradowalnej Materii Organicznej w Wodzie Wodociagowej Dla Miasta Częstochowy

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-100
Author(s):  
Klaudia Rakocz ◽  
Agata Rosińska
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Pumping Stations ◽  
Disinfection Process ◽  
Stability Of Water ◽  
The City

Abstract This paper presents research aimed at the assessment of biodegradable organic carbon content changes (BDOC) during water disinfection process. The water samples examined in the research came from intakes, pumping stations at treatment plants situated in the Silesia district and water consumers. The examined water was underground water. One water sample was disinfected by sodium sub chloride while the other one by ozone. BDOC was determined using the Joret method, which involves observation of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) decrease in the examined water. The research has shown that BDOC content fluctuates at every stage of the treatment process and distribution of the examined water. Another analyzed parameter was biological stability of water.

An antimicrobial polycationic sand filter for water disinfection

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 1997-2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annalisa Onnis-Hayden ◽  
Bryan B. Hsu ◽  
Alexander M. Klibanov ◽  
April Z. Gu
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Aqueous Sample ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
Disinfection Process ◽  
Aqueous Effluent

A new sand filtration water disinfection technology is developed which relies on the antimicrobial properties of hydrophobic polycations (N-hexylated polyethylenimine) covalently attached to the sand's surface. The efficacy of the filter disinfection process was evaluated both with water spiked with E. coli and with real aqueous effluent from a wastewater treatment plant. For the former, over 7-log reduction in bacterial count was achieved. With real environmental wastewater secondary effluent samples, the E. coli concentration reduction declined to under 2 logs. This reduced inactivation efficiency compared to the model aqueous sample is likely due to the particulate or colloidal matter present that diminishes the contact between the immobilized polycation and the suspended bacteria. Preliminary sand washing methods were tested to assess potential ‘regeneration’ approaches. Potential advantages of the proposed approach over conventional disinfection in terms of eliminating harmful by-products and reducing energy consumption are discussed.

The combined performance of UV light and chlorine during reclaimed water disinfection

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 935-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Montemayor ◽  
A. Costan ◽  
F. Lucena ◽  
J. Jofre ◽  
J. Muñoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Water Reclamation ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Combined Action ◽  
Water Reclamation Plants

The combined effects of disinfectant agents on the microbiological quality of reclaimed water produced by two full-scale water reclamation plants in Catalonia, Spain, were examined in this work. All the disinfectant treatments tested led to the absence, or near absence, of E. coli in 100 mL samples of water, with log reductions of more than 3 log u. Hypochlorite reduced the bacterial concentrations. However, ultraviolet light was more effective than hypochlorite at reducing the concentrations of bacteriophages, viruses and pathogenic protozoa such as Cryptosporidium spp. We conclude that a combination of these two disinfectant agents is effective in protecting public health, as each agent acts to a different degree against the different groups of microorganisms studied. Further studies should investigate the combined action of disinfectant agents at water reclamation plants with ultraviolet light equipment in more favourable working conditions in order to assess their capacity to inactivate microorganisms.

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