Population level effects of cadmium and the insecticide imidacloprid to the parasitoid, Aphidius ervi after exposure through its host, the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris)

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Kramarz ◽  
John D. Stark
Keyword(s):  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Aphidius Ervi

Aphidius ervi Preferentially Attacks the Green Morph of the Pea Aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Libbrecht ◽  
D. M. Gwynn ◽  
M. D. E. Fellowes
Keyword(s):  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Aphidius Ervi

scholarly journals Symbiont-conferred immunity interacts with the effects of parasitoid genotype and intraguild predation to shape pea aphid immunity in a clone-specific fashion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Alexander Purkiss ◽  
Mouhammad Shadi Khudr ◽  
Oscar Enrique Aguinaga ◽  
Reinmar Hager
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Intraguild Predation ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Species Interaction ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Aphidius Ervi ◽  
Indirect Genetic Effects ◽  
Host Parasite

Host-parasite interactions represent complex co-evolving systems in which genetic variation within a species can significantly affect selective pressure on traits in the other (for example via inter-species indirect genetic effects). While often viewed as a two-species interaction between host and parasite species, some systems are more complex due to the involvement of symbionts in the host that influence its immunity, enemies of the host, and the parasite through intraguild predation. However, it remains unclear what the joint effects of intraguild predation, defensive endosymbiosis, within-species genetic variation and indirect genetic effects on host immunity are. We have addressed this question in an important agricultural pest system, the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum, which shows significant intraspecific variability in immunity to the parasitoid wasp Aphidius ervi due to immunity conferring endosymbiotic bacteria. In a complex experiment involving a quantitative genetic design of the parasitoid, two ecologically different aphid lineages and the aphid lion Chrysoperla carnea as an intraguild predator, we demonstrate that aphid immunity is affected by intraspecific genetic variation in the parasitoid and the aphid, as well as by associated differences in the defensive endosymbiont communities. Using 16s rRNA sequencing, we identified secondary symbionts that differed between the lineages. We further show that aphid lineages differ in their altruistic behaviour once parasitised whereby infested aphids move away from the clonal colony to facilitate predation. The outcome of these complex between-species interactions not only shape important host-parasite systems but have also implications for understanding the evolution of multitrophic interactions, and aphid biocontrol.

scholarly journals Emergence sexual maturation and oviposition of Aphidius ervi (Hymenoptera Aphidiidae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 214-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.Z. He ◽  
Q. Wang ◽  
D.A.J. Teulon
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Aphidius Ervi ◽  
Oviposition Period ◽  
Courtship Display ◽  
Dark Conditions

Aphidius ervi Haliday is an important parasitoid of several aphid species and information is needed for the development of massrearing techniques and better understanding of biological control ecology The emergence sexual maturation and oviposition of A ervi on pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) was studied in the laboratory at 201deg;C and 6070 RH with 168 h lightdark About 95 of parasitoids emerged during the photophase Females needed a significantly longer time than males to complete their life cycle Newly emerged males were able to perform their courtship display but failed to mate until they were 4 h old; newly emerged females were able to respond to males courtship display and mate Females attacked aphids in both light and dark conditions The number of eggs laid and parasitism (number of aphids parasitised) per oviposition bout (2 h oviposition period) were significantly greater in the photophase than in the scotophase

THERMAL CONSTANTS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE PEA APHID (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) AND SOME OF ITS PARASITES

1977 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Campbell ◽  
M. Mackauer
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Aphidius Ervi ◽  
Temperature Threshold ◽  
Thermal Constants ◽  
Lower Temperature Threshold ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Generation Offspring

AbstractThe relationship between the temperature and the speed of development is described for the Kamloops ‘biotype’ of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, and some of its associated hymenopterous parasites. The primary parasites are: Aphidius ervi ervi, A. ervi pulcher, A. smithi, and Praon pequodorum; and the secondary parasites are: Asaphes lucens and Dendrocerus niger. For each species the lower temperature threshold for development and the time-to-adult was determined under constant laboratory conditions using field-grown alfalfa as a host plant for the pea aphid and the first-generation offspring of field-collected aphids and parasites. The thermal constants enable the prediction of aphid and parasite population growth, as influenced by temperature, on a physiological time-scale.

Influence of temperature on pea aphidAcyrthosiphon pisum(Hemiptera: Aphididae) resistance to natural enemy attack

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Stacey ◽  
M.D.E. Fellowes
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Aphidius Ervi ◽  
Life History Trait ◽  
Clonal Variation ◽  
Escape Behaviour ◽  
Aphid Clone

AbstractThe ability to resist or avoid natural enemy attack is a critically important insect life history trait, yet little is understood of how these traits may be affected by temperature. This study investigated how different genotypes of the pea aphidAcyrthosiphon pisumHarris, a pest of leguminous crops, varied in resistance to three different natural enemies (a fungal pathogen, two species of parasitoid wasp and a coccinellid beetle), and whether expression of resistance was influenced by temperature. Substantial clonal variation in resistance to the three natural enemies was found. Temperature influenced the number of aphids succumbing to the fungal pathogenErynia neoaphidisRemaudière & Hennebert, with resistance increasing at higher temperatures (18 vs. 28°C). A temperature difference of 5°C (18 vs. 23°C) did not affect the ability ofA. pisumto resist attack by the parasitoidsAphidius erviHaliday andA. eadyiStarý, González & Hall. Escape behaviour from foraging coccinellid beetles (Hippodamia convergensGuerin-Meneville) was not directly influenced by aphid clone or temperature (16 vs. 21°C). However, there were significant interactions between clone and temperature (while most clones did not respond to temperature, one was less likely to escape at 16°C), and between aphid clone and ladybird presence (some clones showed greater changes in escape behaviour in response to the presence of foraging coccinellids than others). Therefore, while larger temperature differences may alter interactions betweenAcyrthosiphon pisumand an entomopathogen, there is little evidence to suggest that smaller changes in temperature will alter pea aphid–natural enemy interactions.

scholarly journals Non-consumptive effects stabilize herbivore control over multiple generations

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0241870
Author(s):  
Kathryn S. Ingerslew ◽  
Deborah L. Finke
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Aphidius Ervi ◽  
Large Field ◽  
Aphidius Colemani ◽  
Pea Aphids ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Aphid Abundance

Understanding the factors that influence predator-prey dynamics requires an investigation of oscillations in predator and prey population sizes over time. However, empirical studies are often performed over one or fewer predator generations. This is particularly true for studies addressing the non-consumptive effects of predators on prey. In a previous study that lasted less than one predator generation, we demonstrated that two species of parasitoid wasps additively suppressed aphid populations through a combination of consumptive and non-consumptive effects. However, the non-consumptive effects of one wasp reduced the reproductive success of the other, suggesting that a longer-term experiment may have revealed antagonism between the wasps. The goal of our current study is to evaluate multi-generation consumptive and non-consumptive interactions between pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) and the wasps Aphidius ervi and Aphidius colemani. Aphidius ervi is a common natural enemy of pea aphids. Aphidius colemani is a non-consumptive enemy that does not consume pea aphids, but negatively affects pea aphid performance through behavioral disturbance. Large field cages were installed to monitor aphid abundance in response to the presence and absence of both species of wasp over four weeks (two parasitoid generations). We found that the non-consumptive enemy A. colemani initially controlled the pea aphid population, but control in the absence of parasitism was not sustainable over the long term. Aphidius ervi suppressed pea aphids through a combination of consumptive and non-consumptive effects. This suppression was more effective than that of A. colemani, but aphid abundance fluctuated over time. Suppression by A. ervi and A. colemani together was complementary, leading to the most effective and stable control of pea aphids. Therefore, promoting a diverse natural enemy community that contributes to pest control through consumptive and non-consumptive interactions may enhance the stability of herbivore population suppression over time.

scholarly journals Oviposition strategy of Aphidius ervi (Hymenoptera Aphidiidae) in response to host density

2006 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 190-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.Z. He ◽  
D.A.J. Teulon ◽  
Q. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Host Density ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Aphidius Ervi ◽  
Female Progeny ◽  
Oviposition Strategy ◽  
Reproductive Response

The reproductive response of Aphidius ervi Haliday to the density of pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) was investigated in plastic cylinders (105 cm high x 85 cm diameter) Mean number of aphids parasitised and eggs laid by a single A ervi significantly increased with an increase of host density Numbers of eggs laid per parasitoid reached a plateau at host densities of 75 aphids/cylinder and above However the number of eggs laid in each parasitised aphid significantly decreased (from 29 to 13 eggs) with the increase of host density from 15 to 75 aphids/cylinder after which no further decrease occurred These results suggest that the parasitoid adjusts oviposition strategy in response to increasing host density through increasing parasitism and decreasing superparasitism The proportion of female progeny developed from fertilised eggs increased (up to 70) with the increase of host density from 15 to 50 or 75 aphids/cylinder after which it gradually declined suggesting that the sperm limit occurs when host density reaches 50 to 75 aphids/cylinder

scholarly journals Aphids Facing Their Parasitoids: A First Look at How Chemical Signals May Make Higher Densities of the Pea Aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum Less Attractive to the Parasitoid Aphidius ervi

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 878
Author(s):  
Mohannad Ismail ◽  
Penelope Zanolli ◽  
Frédéric Muratori ◽  
Thierry Hance
Keyword(s):  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Aphidius Ervi ◽  
Aphid Parasitoid ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Induced Volatiles ◽  
Aphid Density ◽  
Infestation Density ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The Impact

Herbivore-induced plant volatiles constitute the first indicators of insect host presence, and these can affect the foraging behavior of their natural enemies. The density of insect hosts may affect the nature and concentration of these plant-induced volatiles. We tested the impact of infestation density (low, intermediate, and high) of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Homoptera: Aphididae), feeding on the broad bean Vicia faba, on the attractiveness of the parasitoid Aphidius ervi (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), using a Y-tube olfactometer (infested vs. non-infested plants). The emitted volatile compounds from both infested and non-infested plants were collected and identified. In addition, two series of experiments were carried out to test the impact of the presence of a conspecific female parasitoid within the aphid/plant complex on the attractiveness to other females. Parasitoids were significantly more attracted to the plants with low and intermediate aphid infestation levels. The volatile blend composition of the infested plants changed in relation to aphid density and may explain the low attraction of parasitoids toward high aphid density. The presence of conspecific females on the aphid patch had no apparent impact on the behavioral choices of other parasitoid females. Our study adds a new aspect to understanding plant–aphid–parasitoid interactions, including the possibility that aphids may manipulate chemical cues of host plants affecting the orientation of parasitoids.

scholarly journals Evidence for specificity in symbiont-conferred protection against parasitoids

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1811) ◽  
pp. 20150977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ailsa H. C. McLean ◽  
H. Charles J. Godfray
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Aphidius Ervi ◽  
Symbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Parasitoid Wasps ◽  
Bacterial Symbionts ◽  
Wasp Species ◽  
Hamiltonella Defensa

Many insects harbour facultative symbiotic bacteria, some of which have been shown to provide resistance against natural enemies. One of the best-known protective symbionts is Hamiltonella defensa , which in pea aphid ( Acyrthosiphon pisum ) confers resistance against attack by parasitoid wasps in the genus Aphidius (Braconidae). We asked (i) whether this symbiont also confers protection against a phylogenetically distant group of parasitoids (Aphelinidae) and (ii) whether there are consistent differences in the effects of bacteria found in pea aphid biotypes adapted to different host plants. We found that some H. defensa strains do provide protection against an aphelinid parasitoid Aphelinus abdominalis. Hamiltonella defensa from the Lotus biotype provided high resistance to A. abdominalis and moderate to low resistance to Aphidius ervi , while the reverse was seen from Medicago biotype isolates. Aphids from Ononis showed no evidence of symbiont-mediated protection against either wasp species and were relatively vulnerable to both. Our results may reflect the different selection pressures exerted by the parasitoid community on aphids feeding on different host plants, and could help explain the maintenance of genetic diversity in bacterial symbionts.

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