PMC36 VALIDITY OF SELF-REPORT WITH RESPECT TO PRESCRIPTION MEDICATIONS AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN

Aims: The primary aim of the study is to explore different factors affecting parents’ smoking behaviour, and especially how smoking may be connected with individual differences in the psychological process of becoming a parent. In the current paper, we present the study design together with basic information on the study population. Methods: The Central Satakunta Maternity and Child Health Clinic (KESALATU) Study is an ongoing prospective follow-up study in primary healthcare of the Satakunta region of southwest Finland. Families were recruited during their first maternity clinic visit between 1 September 2016 and 31 December 2019, and participation will continue until the child is 1.5 years of age. The study combines different sources and types of data: e.g. routine data obtained from primary healthcare clinic records, specific parental self-report data and data from a new exhaled carbon monoxide meter indicating maternal smoking. The data are collected using frequently repeated assessments both during pregnancy and postnatally. The methods cover the following areas of interest: family background factors (including smoking and alcohol use), self-reported parental–foetal/infant attachment and mentalization, self-reported stress, depression and quality of life. Results: 589 pregnant women and their partners were asked to participate in the study during the collection time period. The final study population consisted of 248 (42.1%) pregnant women and 160 (27.1%) partners. Conclusions: The new methods and study design have the potential to increase our understanding about the link between early parenting psychology, prenatal psychosocial risk factors and parental health behaviour.

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Non-Medical Use of Cognitive Enhancing Prescription Medications Among Occupational Therapy and Speech Language Pathology Health Care Students: A Pilot Study

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice ◽

10.46743/1540-580x/2016.1562 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Randy McCombie ◽

Hannah Slanina

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Occupational Therapy ◽

Prescription Drugs ◽

Self Report ◽

Future Research ◽

Prescription Medications ◽

Speech Language Pathology ◽

Academic Cheating ◽

Language Pathology ◽

Return Envelope

Purpose: This research was designed to serve as a pilot study to generate baseline data on non-medical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD) for cognitive/academic enhancement purposes among students representing two healthcare professions, Occupational Therapy (OT) and Speech Language Pathology (SLP) and to assess students’ opinions regarding whether use of these medications constitutes academic “cheating.” Introduction: NMUPD, such as Adderall ® or Ritalin ®, to reduce fatigue, improve memory, and increase concentration to ultimately improve grades has increased among college students in recent years, with estimated use put as high as 35% on some campuses. These drugs appear to be readily available to those not prescribed them, with primary sources including family, friends, and classmates. Aside from health concerns stemming from ingesting non-prescribed medications is the ethical concern whether use of such cognitive enhancers is “cheating.” Methods: Following IRB approval, 150 OT and 150 SLP students, randomly selected from membership in their respective national associations, were mailed survey packets containing a cover letter, questionnaire, and return envelope. Results: A total of 51 completed surveys, including 25 OT and 26 SLP students, were returned and included in analyses. Of these, five (9.8%) reported using cognitive enhancing prescription medications. Four of these reported having a legal prescription, including one who admitted faking symptoms of ADHD to access the prescription. The fifth student had no prescription. Motives included recreational enjoyment, to improve attention/concentration, reduce hyperactivity/impulsivity, and to obtain higher grades. Four out of ten students indicated abuse of prescription medications was a problem at their institutions, with three out of ten believing it was easy to obtain such drugs. Students were visibly divided as to whether use of these medications was academic cheating. Conclusions: The percent of these healthcare profession students reporting to have used non-prescribed medications for academic enhancement purposes mirrors that of studies on the general college student population and reflects the division as to whether use constitutes cheating. As the survey is a self-report, the numbers using the prescription medications may be higher. Results indicate future research on NMUPD among healthcare students is warranted, along with a need to educate students on the risks of use of these medications for non-prescribed purposes.

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Countering Vaccine Hesitancy among Pregnant Women in England: The Case of Boostrix-IPV

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17144984 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (14) ◽

pp. 4984

Author(s):

Mairead Ryan ◽

Laura A V Marlow ◽

Alice Forster

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Whooping Cough ◽

Message Framing ◽

Preliminary Evidence ◽

Self Report ◽

Vaccine Hesitancy ◽

Vaccine Acceptability ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cross Sectional Design

This study explored the effects of message framing on vaccine hesitancy for the antenatal whooping cough vaccine. The study also assessed whether the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) constructs had any explanatory utility for vaccine intentions and behaviours in pregnant women. A between-subjects, cross-sectional design was employed. Participants (n = 282) were women who were pregnant (mean = 28 weeks, SD = 7.0), living in England and between 18 and 44 years of age. A self-report web-based survey was used to collect data. Participants were randomly assigned to read either (i) disease risk, (ii) myth busting, or (iii) control information before answering questions based on the TPB. No significant effects of message framing were found. Attitudes (Beta = 0.699; p < 0.001) and subjective norms (Beta = 0.262, p < 0.001) significantly predicted intention to vaccinate but perceived behavioural control did not. The TPB constructs accounted for 86% and 36% of the variance in vaccine intention and vaccine history respectively. Disease risk information did not influence vaccine acceptability in this sample of English pregnant women. The study offered preliminary evidence that interventions targeting constructs from the TPB may promote vaccine acceptability among pregnant women.

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The Psychometric Properties of the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 for Pregnant Women

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17207583 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (20) ◽

pp. 7583

Author(s):

María de la Fe Rodríguez-Muñoz ◽

Natalia Ruiz-Segovia ◽

Cristina Soto-Balbuena ◽

Huynh-Nhu Le ◽

María Eugenia Olivares-Crespo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Antenatal Depression ◽

Public Hospitals ◽

Self Report ◽

Patient Health Questionnaire ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Health Questionnaire ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Patient Health

Background: Perinatal anxiety and depression are common complications during pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to examine the item characteristics, reliability, validity, and factorial structure of the four-item Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) and to determine the associations between scale scores and sociodemographic factors in a sample of pregnant women from Spain. Method: A total of 845 pregnant women were recruited from two public hospitals in Spain between 2014 and 2016. Participants completed a self-report questionnaire that included Patient Health Questionnaire-4, including the two-item Patient Health Questionnaire and the two-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener. Results: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and scale inter-correlations between the PHQ-4 and PHQ-9 revealed that the PHQ-4 has a bivariate structure and adequately assesses the dimensions of antenatal anxiety and depression. Conclusion: The PHQ-4 is a reliable and valid instrument to screen for depression and anxiety during pregnancy. The PHQ-4 is an ultra-brief measure that can be used to screen for antenatal depression and anxiety to prevent the negative consequences associated with these mental health conditions among mothers and infants.

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What's in a Self-report? A Comparison of Pregnant Women with Self-reported and Hospital Diagnosed Eating Disorder

European Eating Disorders Review ◽

10.1002/erv.2464 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 24 (6) ◽

pp. 460-465 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Pernille Stemann Larsen ◽

Anne-Marie Nybo Andersen ◽

Else Marie Olsen ◽

Nadia Micali ◽

Katrine Strandberg-Larsen

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorder ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Self Report

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Health Research Using Facebook to Identify and Recruit Pregnant Women Who Use Electronic Cigarettes: Internet-Based Nonrandomized Pilot Study (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.12444 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Harold H Lee ◽

Yuli Patrick Hsieh ◽

Joe Murphy ◽

Jennifer W Tidey ◽

David A Savitz

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Electronic Cigarettes ◽

Saliva Sample ◽

Biological Data ◽

Self Report ◽

Third Trimester ◽

Physician Contact ◽

Rare Populations

BACKGROUND Participant recruitment is often a challenge, particularly enrolling individuals with relatively rare characteristics. The wide reach of social media may provide a mechanism to overcome these challenges. OBJECTIVE This paper aimed to provide information to researchers who seek to recruit participants from rare populations using social media for studies with demanding protocols. We aimed to describe a pilot study protocol that identified and enrolled pregnant women (second or third trimester) who were exclusive users of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). We have described the recruitment methods, time, and cost; examined advertisement types that were more or less successful; discussed participant retention and relationship management; and described the process of collecting biological data. METHODS In an open-access, nonrandomized pilot study, we placed Facebook advertisements that were selectively targeting women who were likely to be pregnant and interested in e-cigarettes or vaping. The advertisements invited individuals to complete a fully automated eligibility screener based on Qualtrics. Eligible participants were asked to (1) complete a Web-based survey that collected detailed information on the use of e-cigarettes, including the exact type of device and electronic liquid, (2) report the frequency and intensity of e-cigarette use for 3 months before pregnancy and during each trimester, and (3) provide a saliva specimen for a nicotine biomarker assay. We collected a photograph of each participant’s e-cigarette device, 8 weeks after the mother’s due date, to allow corroboration of the self-report and the baby’s birth weight and gestational age from the participant’s physician. RESULTS Participants were recruited between August 19 and October 26, 2017. We enrolled 20 participants in 2 months at a cost of US $3421.28. Baseline data were collected for all 20 participants. Of the 20 women enrolled, 16 provided a saliva sample, 4 provided a photo of the e-cigarette device, and 10 provided physician contact information. Of the 10 physicians contacted by mail, 6 responded with information on the participants and their babies. CONCLUSIONS Study findings suggest that Facebook’s targeting criteria should focus on e-cigarette users to maximize advertisement exposure of potentially eligible women. In addition, saliva sample collection was feasible among pregnant women (second or third trimester) who were exclusive e-cigarette users, but obtaining photographs and physician reports was problematic and called for further refinement. These lessons are likely useful to others who are seeking to use social media to recruit participants from rare populations into studies with demanding protocols. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT DERR1-10.2196/12444

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Prevalence and Correlates of Maternal Early Stimulation Behaviors during Pregnancy in Northern Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Survey

10.21203/rs.3.rs-55947/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jessica Mackness ◽

John A Gallis ◽

Raymond Kofi Owusu ◽

Mohammed Ali ◽

Safiyatu Abubakr-Bibilazu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Child Development ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Self Report ◽

Northern Ghana ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Early Stimulation

Abstract Background: Per UNICEF’s Nurturing Care Framework, early childhood development (ECD) begins during pregnancy and many lower-resource settings need data to inform their programs for optimal child development. The maternal-fetal relationship can be partly examined via a series of bonding activities called early stimulation behaviors (ESB). This study describes early stimulation behaviors and the associated correlates among pregnant women in Ghana. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from a cluster-randomized trial in two districts of Northern Ghana. A total of 374 pregnant women were enrolled at baseline and administered a pre-intervention survey. Communication-related early stimulation behaviors was the primary outcome which was evaluated using three maternal-fetal bonding activities; did the woman self-report touching and/or talking, singing, and/or talking about family to her belly. A generalized estimating equation modified Poisson model was used for the bivariate and multivariable analysis.Results: About half of the participants reported performing communication-related ESB during pregnancy frequently or sometimes. Bivariate analysis revealed that negative life experiences including higher rates of emotional, physical and sexual intimate partner violence (IPV) and having moderate to severe depressive symptoms were associated with women performing early stimulation behaviors more often. In the multivariable model, physical intimate partner violence remained significantly associated with early stimulation behaviors. Conclusion: Research on early stimulation behaviors is still in a nascent phase. It is unclear why our results revealed an association between intimate partner violence and early stimulation behaviors; this could reflect a coping mechanism for the expectant mother. Further research is needed to better understand this association and explore potential long-term impacts of early stimulation behaviors during pregnancy on child development.Trial registration: Clinical Trials # NCT03665246, September 11, 2018

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Health Research Using Facebook to Identify and Recruit Pregnant Women Who Use Electronic Cigarettes: Internet-Based Nonrandomized Pilot Study

JMIR Research Protocols ◽

10.2196/12444 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. e12444

Author(s):

Harold H Lee ◽

Yuli Patrick Hsieh ◽

Joe Murphy ◽

Jennifer W Tidey ◽

David A Savitz

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Electronic Cigarettes ◽

Saliva Sample ◽

Biological Data ◽

Self Report ◽

Third Trimester ◽

Physician Contact ◽

Rare Populations

Background Participant recruitment is often a challenge, particularly enrolling individuals with relatively rare characteristics. The wide reach of social media may provide a mechanism to overcome these challenges. Objective This paper aimed to provide information to researchers who seek to recruit participants from rare populations using social media for studies with demanding protocols. We aimed to describe a pilot study protocol that identified and enrolled pregnant women (second or third trimester) who were exclusive users of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). We have described the recruitment methods, time, and cost; examined advertisement types that were more or less successful; discussed participant retention and relationship management; and described the process of collecting biological data. Methods In an open-access, nonrandomized pilot study, we placed Facebook advertisements that were selectively targeting women who were likely to be pregnant and interested in e-cigarettes or vaping. The advertisements invited individuals to complete a fully automated eligibility screener based on Qualtrics. Eligible participants were asked to (1) complete a Web-based survey that collected detailed information on the use of e-cigarettes, including the exact type of device and electronic liquid, (2) report the frequency and intensity of e-cigarette use for 3 months before pregnancy and during each trimester, and (3) provide a saliva specimen for a nicotine biomarker assay. We collected a photograph of each participant’s e-cigarette device, 8 weeks after the mother’s due date, to allow corroboration of the self-report and the baby’s birth weight and gestational age from the participant’s physician. Results Participants were recruited between August 19 and October 26, 2017. We enrolled 20 participants in 2 months at a cost of US $3421.28. Baseline data were collected for all 20 participants. Of the 20 women enrolled, 16 provided a saliva sample, 4 provided a photo of the e-cigarette device, and 10 provided physician contact information. Of the 10 physicians contacted by mail, 6 responded with information on the participants and their babies. Conclusions Study findings suggest that Facebook’s targeting criteria should focus on e-cigarette users to maximize advertisement exposure of potentially eligible women. In addition, saliva sample collection was feasible among pregnant women (second or third trimester) who were exclusive e-cigarette users, but obtaining photographs and physician reports was problematic and called for further refinement. These lessons are likely useful to others who are seeking to use social media to recruit participants from rare populations into studies with demanding protocols.

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Validity Of Self-reported Alcohol And Other Drug Use Among Pregnant Women Attending Midwife Obstetric Units In The Cape Metropole, South Africa

10.21203/rs.2.13377/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Petal Petersen Williams ◽

Catherine Mathews ◽

Esme Jordaan ◽

Yukiko Washio ◽

Mishka Terplan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Drug Use ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Urine Analysis ◽

Standard Of Care ◽

Self Report ◽

Urine Screening ◽

Illicit Substance ◽

Illicit Substance Use

Abstract Background: This paper examines the validity of self-report of alcohol and other drug use in a South African cohort of pregnant women by comparing simple questioning about alcohol and other drug use (yes/no), a standardized screening tool (Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test; ASSIST, and urine analysis. Method: An observational study among women in eleven public prenatal clinics was conducted. Dichotomous verbal screening is a standard of care, and pregnant patients reporting alcohol and substance use in dichotomous verbal screenings were asked to engage in screening using the ASSIST and urinalysis. Results: Significant agreements between dichotomous and ASSIST scores were observed (K = 0.73-0.76). A higher rate of self-reported (36.9%) alcohol use was detected, relative to urine screening (19.6%) with a predictive value of 34.9; while underreporting of illicit substance use was observed (3.6% self-report vs 8.8% urine screening) with an overall predictive value of 50.0. Conclusion: Dichotomous verbal screening was considered valid after comparison with the ASSIST; however, combined use with urine screenings can be recommended especially for identifying illicit substance use in order to accurately detect alcohol and other drug use in pregnancy so that women can be identified and referred for appropriate interventions where needed.

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Prevalence and Correlates of Maternal Early Stimulation Behaviors during Pregnancy in Northern Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Survey

10.21203/rs.3.rs-55947/v4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jessica Mackness ◽

John A Gallis ◽

Raymond Kofi Owusu ◽

Mohammed Ali ◽

Safiyatu Abubakr-Bibilazu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Child Development ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Self Report ◽

Northern Ghana ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Early Stimulation

Abstract Background: Per UNICEF’s Nurturing Care Framework, early childhood development (ECD) begins during pregnancy and many lower-resource settings need data to inform their programs for optimal child development. The maternal-fetal relationship can be partly examined via a series of bonding activities called early stimulation behaviors (ESB). This study describes early stimulation behaviors and the associated correlates among pregnant women in Ghana. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from a cluster-randomized trial in two districts of Northern Ghana. A total of 374 pregnant women were enrolled at baseline and administered a pre-intervention survey. Communication-related early stimulation behaviors was the primary outcome which was evaluated using three maternal-fetal bonding activities; did the woman self-report touching and/or talking, singing, and/or talking about family to her belly. A generalized estimating equation modified Poisson model was used for the bivariate and multivariable analysis.Results: About half of the participants reported performing communication-related ESB during pregnancy frequently or sometimes. Bivariate analysis revealed that negative life experiences including higher rates of emotional, physical and sexual intimate partner violence (IPV) and having moderate to severe depressive symptoms were associated with women performing early stimulation behaviors more often. In the multivariable model, physical intimate partner violence remained significantly associated with early stimulation behaviors. Conclusion: Research on early stimulation behaviors is still in a nascent phase. It is unclear why our results revealed an association between intimate partner violence and early stimulation behaviors; this could reflect a coping mechanism for the expectant mother. Further research is needed to better understand this association and explore potential long-term impacts of early stimulation behaviors during pregnancy on child development.Trial registration: Clinical Trials # NCT03665246, August 29, 2018.

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