European Council adopts common position on detergents

2004 ◽  
Vol 2004 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-5 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Council ◽  
Common Position

Voting in the Councils: A Compromise, No Revolution

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
Jiri Zemanek
Keyword(s):  
European Council ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Member States ◽  
Major Function ◽  
Common Position ◽  
The Common

The European Council actually, as a rule, takes decisions by consensus, as its major function is to bring a primary political impetus into the integration process through ‘conclusions’, ‘principles’, ‘guidelines’, and ‘joint strategies’ or ‘recommendations’ not having the force of a legal act. This is a customary rule; it is not stipulated in Article 4 EU. Consensus may be regarded as a ‘soft’ unanimity, reached without voting, in a silent way (no opposing statements), and allowing – within the framework of the common position – some divergences by individual Member States.

Immigration Policy in the European Union: Still bringing up the walls for fortress Europe?

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Bendel
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Immigration Policy ◽  
European Council ◽  
The European Union ◽  
New Period ◽  
Fortress Europe ◽  
Immigration And Asylum

Immigration and asylum policies in the European Union have entered into a new period. The author sums up the most important achievements and failures of the EU's efforts to create a common European asylum and immigration system, and she evaluates the new Hague Programme of the European Council (November 2004) in the light of the hitherto existing policies. She concludes that the European Council's new programme lags behind the more promising guidelines of its predecessor of Tampere.

Protection of buildings and structures against progressive collapse within the framework of legislative and regulatory requirements

2019 ◽  
pp. 46-54 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Progressive Collapse ◽  
Professional Community ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Technical Regulation ◽  
Regulatory Documents ◽  
Common Position ◽  
Local Destruction

At present, the current legislative and regulatory documents do not contain a clear and unambiguous answer to the question, what buildings and structures should be designed resistant to progressive collapse. In this regard, the analysis of the legal and regulatory requirements of the need for calculations to prevent the progressive collapse of buildings and structures due to hypothetical or suspected local destruction is presented. The main legislative requirements of technical regulation in the field of ensuring the mechanical safety of buildings and structures, as well as the requirements of regulatory documents regarding the design of the protection of building and structures against progressive collapse are considered. The analysis of the fundamental principles features of the calculation for the structural protection against progressive collapse is given. Some issues discussed by the professional community in the direction of possible ways of solving the actual problems of the presented problem are considered. The conclusion is made about the need for further dialogue of the professional community on the development of a common position on the protection of buildings and structures from progressive collapse, which should be reflected in the legislative and regulatory requirements.

Institutional organisation of the European Union in the time of crisis – horizontal division of power and functions

2016 ◽  
pp. 54-66
Author(s):  
Monika Poboży
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Separation Of Powers ◽  
European Council ◽  
Executive Power ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Checks And Balances ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
Strong Position ◽  
Institutional System ◽  
The Eu

The article poses a question about the existence of the rule of separation of powers in the EU institutional system, as it is suggested by the wording of the treaties. The analysis led to the conclusion, that in the EU institutional system there are three separated functions (powers) assigned to different institutions. The Council and the European Parliament are legislative powers, the Commission and the European Council create a “divided executive”. The Court of Justice is a judicial power. The above mentioned institutions gained strong position within their main functions (legislative, executive, judicial), but the proper mechanisms of checks and balances have not been developed, especially in the relations between legislative and executive power. These powers do not limit one another in the EU system. In the EU there are therefore three separated but arbitrary powers – because they do not limit and balance one another, and are not fully controlled by the member states.

Position paper nuclear cardiology: Update 2008

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (02) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Bengel ◽  
U. Büll ◽  
W. Burchert ◽  
P. Kies ◽  
R. Kluge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Nuclear Cardiology ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Position Paper ◽  
Circulation Research ◽  
Diagnostic Algorithms ◽  
Clinical Diagnostic ◽  
Common Position ◽  
German Association

SummaryNuclear cardiology is well established in clinical diagnostic algorithms for many years. This is an update 2008 of the first common position paper of the German Association of Nuclear Medicine and the German Association of Cardiology, Heart and Circulation Research published in 2001 aiming at an overview of state-of-the-art scintigraphic methods.

The Stakes of Decolonization, 1945–1960

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talbot C. Imlay
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Majority Rule ◽  
Minority Rights ◽  
The Political ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Individual Rights ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
Common Position ◽  
Human Individual ◽  
Post War

In examining the efforts of European socialists to forge a common position towards the issue of post-war empires, this chapter highlights some of the political stakes involved in decolonization. As debates between European and Asian socialists suggest, the process of decolonization witnessed a struggle between competing rights: national rights, minority rights, and human (individual) rights. Each set of rights possessed far-reaching political implications, none more so than minority rights, as they were often associated with limits on national sovereignty. These limits could be internal, such as constitutional restraints on the working of majority rule; but they could also take the form of external constraints on sovereignty, including alternatives to the nation state itself. The victory of the nation state, in other words, was inextricably tied to the defeat of minority rights as well as the growing predominance of human rights.

scholarly journals The search for new materials and the role of novel processing routes

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Wellmann
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Research Society ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
European Council ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Human History ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Novel Processing

AbstractThroughout human history, most further developments or new achievements were accompanied by new materials or new processes that enabled the technologic progress. With concrete devices and applications in mind, synthesis and subsequent treatment of materials naturally went along with the progress. The aim of the underlying article is to spot the role of optimization, of discovery, of trial-and-error approaches, of fundamentals and curiosity driven design and development. In a consecutive examination, five missions addressing the challenges facing our world (identified by the European Council) will be cross linked with seven topical areas from materials science defined by the European Materials Research Society. The scope of this examination is to identify approaches and methods to further develop and innovate materials which form the basis of the anticipated solutions.

India and Vietnam in the Indo-Pacific

2021 ◽  
pp. 097492842110049
Author(s):  
Sanjay Pulipaka ◽  
Libni Garg
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Order ◽  
Territorial Aggression ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Power Shift ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Common Position ◽  
Foreign Policy Strategies

The international order today is characterised by power shift and increasing multipolarity. Countries such as India and Vietnam are working to consolidate the evolving multipolarity in the Indo-Pacific. The article maps the convergences in the Indian and Vietnamese foreign policy strategies and in their approaches to the Indo-Pacific. Both countries confront similar security challenges, such as creeping territorial aggression. Further, India and Vietnam are collaborating with the United States and Japan to maintain a favourable balance of power in the Indo-Pacific. While Delhi and Hanoi agree on the need to reform the United Nations, there is still some distance to travel to find a common position on regional economic architectures. The India–Vietnam partnership demonstrates that nation-states will seek to define the structure of the international order and in this instance by increasing the intensity of multipolarity.

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