An ammonia emission inventory for fertilizer application in the United States

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (18) ◽  
pp. 2539-2550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian Diaz Goebes ◽  
Ross Strader ◽  
Cliff Davidson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Emission Inventory ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Ammonia Emission

scholarly journals Simulation of nitrate, sulfate, and ammonium aerosols over the United States

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 19499-19527 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Walker ◽  
J. H. Seinfeld ◽  
L. Clarisse ◽  
P.-F. Coheur ◽  
C. Clerbaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Chemical Transport Model ◽  
Emissions Inventory ◽  
Nh3 Emission ◽  
The Us ◽  
Nitrate Aerosol

Abstract. Atmospheric concentrations of inorganic gases and aerosols (nitrate, sulfate, and ammonium) are simulated for 2009 over the United States using the chemical transport model GEOS-Chem. This work is motivated, in part, by the inability of previous modeling studies to reproduce observed high nitrate aerosol concentrations in California. Nitrate aerosol concentrations over most of the US are over-predicted relative to Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) and Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNET) data. In California, on the other hand, nitrate and ammonium are under-predicted as compared to California Air Resources Board (CARB) measurements. Over-prediction of nitrate in the East and Midwest is consistent with results of recent studies, which have suggested that nighttime nitric acid formation by heterogeneous hydrolysis of N2O5 is over-predicted with current values of the N2O5 uptake coefficient, γ, onto aerosols. Accordingly, the value of γ is reduced here by a factor of 10. Despite this, predicted nitrate levels in the US Midwest remain higher than those measured and over-prediction of nitrate in this region remains to be explained. Data from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) onboard the MetOp-A satellite indicate the presence of a strong ammonia maximum in central and southern California that is not present in the simulations, which are based on the EPA National Emissions Inventory (NEI) NH3 emission inventory. In order to predict ammonia columns similar to the satellite measurements in the San Joaquin Valley, CA and Riverside, CA, the current ammonia emission inventory in California would need to be increased substantially. Based on the sensitivity of ammonium nitrate formation to the availability of ammonia, the present results suggest that under-prediction of ammonia emissions is likely the main cause for the under-prediction of nitrate aerosol in California.

A temporally and spatially resolved ammonia emission inventory for dairy cows in the United States

2004 ◽  
Vol 38 (23) ◽  
pp. 3747-3756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W Pinder ◽  
Ross Strader ◽  
Cliff I Davidson ◽  
Peter J Adams
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Emission Inventory ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Spatially Resolved

scholarly journals Improved gridded ammonia emission inventory in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baojie Li ◽  
Lei Chen ◽  
Weishou Shen ◽  
Jianbing Jin ◽  
Teng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Emission Inventories ◽  
Livestock Waste ◽  
Nh3 Emission ◽  
Spatial Differences

Abstract. As a major alkaline gas in the atmosphere, NH3 significantly impacts atmospheric chemistry, ecological environment, and biodiversity. Gridded NH3 emission inventories can significantly affect the accuracy of model concentrations and play a crucial role in the refinement of mitigation strategies. However, several uncertainties are still associated with existing NH3 emission inventories in China. Therefore, in this study, we focused on improving fertilizer application-related NH3 emission inventories. We comprehensively evaluated the dates and times of fertilizer application to the major crops that are cultivated in China, improved the spatial allocation methods for NH3 emissions from croplands with different rice types, and established a gridded NH3 emission inventory for mainland China with a resolution of 5 min × 5 min in 2016. The results showed that the atmospheric NH3 emissions in mainland China amounted to 12.11 Tg, with livestock waste (44.8 %) and fertilizer application (38.6 %) being the two main NH3 emission sources in China. Obvious spatial differences in NH3 emissions were also observed, and high emissions were predominantly concentrated in North China. Further, NH3 emissions tended to be high in summer and low in winter, and the ratio for the July–January period was 3.08. Furthermore, maize and rice fertilization in summer was primarily responsible for the increase in NH3 emissions in China, and the evaluation of the spatial and temporal accuracy of the NH3 emission inventory established in this study using the WRF-Chem and ground station- and satellite-based observations showed that it was more accurate than other inventories.

scholarly journals Historical Patterns of Forest Fertilization in the Southeastern United States from 1969 to 2004

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Albaugh ◽  
H. Lee Allen ◽  
Thomas R. Fox
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Diammonium Phosphate ◽  
Forest Fertilization ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Based on historical forest fertilization survey records, over 16 million ac were fertilized in the southeastern United States from 1969 to 2004, with the peak forest fertilizer application in 1999, when 1.59 million ac were fertilized. The 1999 applications were largely on loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.; 91%) in established stands (78%) and included both nitrogen and phosphorus, typically as urea and diammonium phosphate fertilizers, respectively. On a tonnage basis from 2000 to 2004, the average amount of forest-applied urea and diammonium phosphate represented 2.5% of those materials applied in the United States. The number of acres fertilized approximately doubled every 2 years from 1991 through 1999. This increase can be attributed to a shift in forest production interests to the southeastern United States at a time when research results were showing positive biological and economic responses to nitrogen and phosphorus applications in midrotation southern pine stands. Common application rates for nitrogen and phosphorus were 200 and 50 lb elemental nitrogen ac−1and 25 and 50 lb elemental phosphorus ac−1 for stands >2 years old and ≤2 years old, respectively. In 1994, application of elements other than nitrogen and phosphorus, including potassium, boron, and magnesium, began in response to newly available research results. Boron was applied to 30% of the total number of acres fertilized in 2004, likely because boron, when applied with urea, may reduce nitrogen volatilization.

scholarly journals Constraining a Historical Black Carbon Emission Inventory of the United States for 1960–2000

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 (7) ◽  
pp. 4004-4025 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Sun ◽  
L. Liu ◽  
M. G. Flanner ◽  
T. W. Kirchstetter ◽  
C. Jiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Emission Inventory ◽  
The United States

scholarly journals Contiguous United States wildland fire emission estimates during 2003–2015

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn P. Urbanski ◽  
Matt C. Reeves ◽  
Rachel Corley ◽  
Robin Silverstein ◽  
Wei Min Hao
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Fuel Loading

Abstract. Wildfires are a major source of air pollutants in the United States. Wildfire smoke can trigger severe pollution episodes with substantial impacts on public health. In addition to acute episodes, wildfires can have a marginal effect on air quality at significant distances from the source presenting significant challenges to air regulators’ efforts to meet National Ambient Air Quality Standards. Improved emission estimates are needed to quantify the contribution of wildfires to air pollution and thereby inform decision making activities related to the control and regulation of anthropogenic air pollution sources. To address the need of air regulators and land managers for improved wildfire emission estimates we developed the Missoula Fire Lab Emission Inventory (MFLEI), a retrospective, daily wildfire emission inventory for the contiguous United States (CONUS). MFLEI was produced using multiple datasets of fire activity and burned area, a newly developed wildland fuels map and an updated emission factor database. Daily burned area is based on a combination of Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS) data, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) burned area and active fire detection products, incident fire perimeters, and a spatial wildfire occurrence database. The fuel type classification map is a merger of a national forest type map, produced by the USDA Forest Service (USFS) Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program and the Geospatial Technology and Applications Center (GTAC), with a shrub and grassland vegetation map developed by the USFS Missoula Forestry Sciences Laboratory. Forest fuel loading is from a fuel classification developed from a large set (> 26 000 sites) of FIA surface fuel measurements. Herbaceous fuel loading is estimated using site specific parameters with normalized differenced vegetation index from MODIS. Shrub fuel loading is quantified by applying numerous allometric equations linking stand structure and composition to biomass and fuels, with the structure and composition data derived from geospatial data layers of the LANDFIRE Project. MFLEI provides estimates of CONUS daily wildfire burned area, fuel consumption, and pollutant emissions at a 250 m × 250 m resolution for 2003–2015. A spatially aggregated emission product (10 km × 10 km, 1 d) with uncertainty estimates is included to provide a representation of emission uncertainties at a spatial scale pertinent to air quality modelling. MFLEI will be updated, with recent years, as the MTBS burned area product becomes available. The data associated with this article can be found at https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2017-0039.

scholarly journals Linking agricultural crop management and air quality models for regional to national-scale nitrogen assessments

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 4023-4035 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Cooter ◽  
J. O. Bash ◽  
V. Benson ◽  
L. Ran
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
System Level ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Continental Scale

Abstract. While nitrogen (N) is an essential element for life, human population growth and demands for energy, transportation and food can lead to excess nitrogen in the environment. A modeling framework is described and implemented to promote a more integrated, process-based and system-level approach to the estimation of ammonia (NH3) emissions which result from the application of inorganic nitrogen fertilizers to agricultural soils in the United States. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) model is used to simulate plant demand-driven fertilizer applications to commercial cropland throughout the continental US. This information is coupled with a process-based air quality model to produce continental-scale NH3 emission estimates. Regional cropland NH3 emissions are driven by the timing and amount of inorganic NH3 fertilizer applied, soil processes, local meteorology, and ambient air concentrations. Initial fertilizer application often occurs when crops are planted. A state-level evaluation of EPIC-simulated, cumulative planted area compares well with similar USDA reported estimates. EPIC-annual, inorganic fertilizer application amounts also agree well with reported spatial patterns produced by others, but domain-wide the EPIC values are biased about 6% low. Preliminary application of the integrated fertilizer application and air quality modeling system produces a modified geospatial pattern of seasonal NH3 emissions that improves current simulations of observed atmospheric particle nitrate concentrations. This modeling framework provides a more dynamic, flexible, and spatially and temporally resolved estimate of NH3 emissions than previous factor-based NH3 inventories, and will facilitate evaluation of alternative nitrogen and air quality policy and adaptation strategies associated with future climate and land use changes.

The Effects of the Timing of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application and Irrigation on Yield and Nitrogen Loss in Cotton Production

1992 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 1449-1462 ◽  
Author(s):  
W-Y Huang ◽  
L Hansen ◽  
N D Uri
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Significant Evidence ◽  
Plant Use

Nitrogen losses associated with the timing of the application of nitrogen fertilizer and the use of irrigation in the production of cotton in the United States are investigated. For nonirrigated production of cotton, nitrogen fertilizer applied during the fall or the spring realizes a significant loss compared with that applied during the growing season. There is no (statistically) significant evidence that more nitrogen fertilizer applied in the fall is unavailable for plant use relative to nitrogen fertilizer applied in the spring for either nonirrigated or irrigated production of cotton. Irrigation practices result in a significant loss of nitrogen fertilizer because of the increased leaching associated with the irrigation process. Irrigation does reduce, however, potential loss of nitrogen fertilizer by increasing its uptake by plants.

scholarly journals Contiguous United States wildland fire emission estimates during 2003–2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 2241-2274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn P. Urbanski ◽  
Matt C. Reeves ◽  
Rachel E. Corley ◽  
Robin P. Silverstein ◽  
Wei Min Hao
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Fuel Loading

Abstract. Wildfires are a major source of air pollutants in the United States. Wildfire smoke can trigger severe pollution episodes with substantial impacts on public health. In addition to acute episodes, wildfires can have a marginal effect on air quality at significant distances from the source, presenting significant challenges to air regulators' efforts to meet National Ambient Air Quality Standards. Improved emission estimates are needed to quantify the contribution of wildfires to air pollution and thereby inform decision-making activities related to the control and regulation of anthropogenic air pollution sources. To address the need of air regulators and land managers for improved wildfire emission estimates, we developed the Missoula Fire Lab Emission Inventory (MFLEI), a retrospective, daily wildfire emission inventory for the contiguous United States (CONUS). MFLEI was produced using multiple datasets of fire activity and burned area, a newly developed wildland fuels map and an updated emission factor database. Daily burned area is based on a combination of Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS) data, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) burned area and active fire detection products, incident fire perimeters, and a spatial wildfire occurrence database. The fuel type classification map is a merger of a national forest type map, produced by the USDA Forest Service (USFS) Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program and the Geospatial Technology and Applications Center (GTAC), with a shrub and grassland vegetation map developed by the USFS Missoula Forestry Sciences Laboratory. Forest fuel loading is from a fuel classification developed from a large set (> 26 000 sites) of FIA surface fuel measurements. Herbaceous fuel loading is estimated using site-specific parameters with the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index from MODIS. Shrub fuel loading is quantified by applying numerous allometric equations linking stand structure and composition to biomass and fuels, with the structure and composition data derived from geospatial data layers of the LANDFIRE project. MFLEI provides estimates of CONUS daily wildfire burned area, fuel consumption, and pollutant emissions at a 250 m × 250 m resolution for 2003–2015. A spatially aggregated emission product (10 km × 10 km, 1 day) with uncertainty estimates is included to provide a representation of emission uncertainties at a spatial scale pertinent to air quality modeling. MFLEI will be updated, with recent years, as the MTBS burned area product becomes available. The data associated with this article can be found at https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2017-0039 (Urbanski et al., 2017).

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