The effect of humidity and state of water surfaces on deposition of aerosol particles onto a water surface

1999 ◽  
Vol 33 (28) ◽  
pp. 4727-4737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aloysius Kou-Fang Lo ◽  
Leiming Zhang ◽  
H Sievering
Keyword(s):  
Water Surface ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
State Of Water ◽  
Water Surfaces

Robust superhydrophobic and oleophilic silk fibers for selective removal of oil from water surfaces

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (77) ◽  
pp. 73660-73667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj Patowary ◽  
Khanindra Pathak ◽  
Rajakumar Ananthakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Water Surface ◽  
Selective Removal ◽  
Oil Removal ◽  
Silk Fibers ◽  
Water Surfaces

Superhydrophobic silk fibers have been developed from silk cocoons as a potential sorbent for selective oil removal from a water surface.

scholarly journals SAR-Based Flood Monitoring for Flatland with Frequently Fluctuating Water Surfaces: Proposal for the Normalized Backscatter Amplitude Difference Index (NoBADI)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 4136
Author(s):  
Hiroto Nagai ◽  
Takahiro Abe ◽  
Masato Ohki
Keyword(s):  
Water Surface ◽  
Synthetic Aperture ◽  
Sar Image ◽  
Sar Images ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Multiple Images ◽  
Amplitude Difference ◽  
The Us ◽  
Water Surfaces ◽  
L Band

Space-based synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is a powerful tool for monitoring flood conditions over large areas without the influence of clouds and daylight. Permanent water surfaces can be excluded by comparing SAR images with pre-flood images, but fluctuating water surfaces, such as those found in flat wetlands, introduce uncertainty into flood mapping results. In order to reduce this uncertainty, a simple method called Normalized Backscatter Amplitude Difference Index (NoBADI) is proposed in this study. The NoBADI is calculated from a post-flood SAR image of backscatter amplitude and multiple images on non-flooding conditions. Preliminary analysis conducted in the US state of Florida, which was affected by Hurricane Irma in September 2017, shows that surfaces frequently covered by water (more than 20% of available data) have been successfully excluded by means of C-/L-band SAR (HH, HV, VV, and VH polarizations). Although a simple comparison of pre-flood and post-flood images is greatly affected by the spatial distribution of the water surface in the pre-flood image, the NoBADI method reduces the uncertainty of the reference water surface. This advantage will contribute in making quicker decisions during crisis management.

THE CYCLONET: A DEVICE FOR PICKING UP OIL SLICKS FROM THE SEA SURFACE

1975 ◽  
Vol 1975 (1) ◽  
pp. 387-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Pichon
Keyword(s):  
Water Surface ◽  
Contemporary Problem ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Liquid Mixture ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Remedial Action ◽  
Power Requirement ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Water Surfaces ◽  
Rich Liquid

ABSTRACT Removal of liquid pollutants accidentally released onto water surface is a serious contemporary problem. Efficient remedial action requires that well-designed, reliable equipment be brought to the scene in a matter of hours and that a pollutant-rich liquid mixture be quickly recovered however uncongenial the prevailing weather and water conditions may be. Alsthom-Techniques des Fluides has developed a simple item of equipment for recovering oil slicks from water surfaces, the CYCLONET. Principal features are:a. ready for action at short noticeb. high efficiency: mixture removed contains 80–100% pollutantc. uncomplicated design with no moving parts below water surfaced. operates in rough watere. adaptable to various types of craftf. boat engine the only power requirement.

scholarly journals The achaete–scute complex contains a single gene that controls bristle development in the semi-aquatic bugs

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1892) ◽  
pp. 20182387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cédric Finet ◽  
Amélie Decaras ◽  
David Armisén ◽  
Abderrahman Khila
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Rna Interference ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Water Striders ◽  
Functional Efficiency ◽  
Water Surfaces ◽  
Aquatic Bugs

The semi-aquatic bugs (Heteroptera, Gerromorpha) conquered water surfaces worldwide and diversified to occupy puddles, ponds, streams, lakes, mangroves and even oceans. Critical to this lifestyle is the evolution of sets of hairs that allow these insects to maintain their body weight on the water surface and protect the animals against wetting and drowning. In addition, the legs of these insects are equipped with various grooming combs that are important for cleaning and tidying the hair layers for optimal functional efficiency. Here we show that the hairs covering the legs of water striders represent innervated bristles. Genomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed that in water striders the achaete–scute complex, known to control bristle development in flies, contains only the achaete–scute homologue ( ASH ) gene owing to the loss of the gene asense. Using RNA interference, we show that ASH plays a pivotal role in the development of both bristles and grooming combs in water striders. Our data suggest that the ASH locus may have contributed to the adaptation to water surface lifestyle through shaping the hydrophobic bristles that prevent water striders from wetting and allow them to exploit water surface tension.

The Impact of Surface Contamination on the Flow Beneath Wind-Generated Waves

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamran Siddiqui ◽  
Mark R. Loewen
Keyword(s):  
Water Surface ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Streamwise Velocity ◽  
Viscous Sublayer ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Water Surface Temperature ◽  
Water Surfaces ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

We report on an experimental study conducted to investigate flow characteristics in the near-surface layer beneath clean and surfactant-contaminated water surfaces in the presence of wind. The two-dimensional velocity field beneath the water surface was measured using particle image velocimetry. The water surface temperature measurements were made simultaneously using infrared imagery. The results show the existence of the viscous sublayer beneath both clean and contaminated water surfaces. Within the viscous sublayer in contaminated water, the mean streamwise velocity is 25–30% larger and the mean streamwise velocity gradients are more than a factor of two larger compared to that beneath clean water surfaces.

scholarly journals Meniscus ascent by thrips (Thysanoptera)

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 20160279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Manuel Ortega-Jiménez ◽  
Sarahi Arriaga-Ramirez ◽  
Robert Dudley
Keyword(s):  
Water Surface ◽  
Body Posture ◽  
Fluid Viscosity ◽  
Variable Concentration ◽  
Flying Insects ◽  
Sucrose Solutions ◽  
Frequent Event ◽  
Water Surfaces

Meniscus climbing using a fixed body posture has been well documented for various aquatic and neustonic insects, but is not known from small flying insects that inadvertently become trapped on water surfaces. Here, we show that thrips (order Thysanoptera) can ascend a meniscus by arching their non-wetting bodies to translate head-first and upward along a water surface; if initially oriented backwards, they can turn by 180° to ascend head-first, and climb upward on a surrounding boundary. Using variable-concentration sucrose solutions, we show that translational and climbing speeds during meniscus ascent vary inversely with fluid viscosity. Becoming trapped in water is a frequent event for flying insects, and given that most of them are very small, dedicated behaviours to escape water may be commonplace among pterygotes.

Chain-propagation, chain-transfer, and hydride-abstraction by cyclic carbocations on water surfaces

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (39) ◽  
pp. 25256-25267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinnosuke Ishizuka ◽  
Akira Matsugi ◽  
Tetsuya Hama ◽  
Shinichi Enami
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Aerosol ◽  
Chain Transfer ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Chain Propagation ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosol Particles ◽  
Water Surfaces ◽  
Hydride Abstraction

New mechanisms for the growth and increase in complexity of atmospheric aerosol particles are elucidated. The present findings will also be useful for interfacial polymer/oligomer synthesis.

Scale and Attenuation of Water Bodies on Urban Heat Islands

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 108-111
Author(s):  
Huanchun Huang ◽  
Yingxia Yun ◽  
Jiangang Xu ◽  
Shizhen Wang ◽  
Xin Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Body ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Water Surfaces ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
The Impact

Urban water bodies play an important role in reducing summertime urban heat island (UHI) effects. Previous studies focused mainly on the impact of water bodies of large areas, and there is no analysis of the efficacy and scale effect of how small and medium-sized water bodies reduce the UHI effects. Hence, these studies could not provide theoretical support for the scientific planning and design of urban water bodies. This study aims to confirm, within different scale ranges, the efficacy of a water body in reducing the summertime UHI effects. We propose a scale sensitivity method to investigate the temporal and spatial relationship between urban water bodies and UHI. Based on the scale theory and geostatistical analysis method in landscape ecology, this study used the platforms of 3S, MATLAB, and SPSS to analyze the distance-decay law of water bodies in reducing summertime UHI effects, as well as the scale response at different water surface ratios. The results show that the influence of water surfaces on UHIs gradually decreases with increasing distance, and the temperature rises by 0.78 °C for every 100 m away from the water body. During daytime, there is a scaled sensitivity of how much water surfaces reduce the summertime UHI effects. The most sensitive radius from the water was found at the core water surface ratio of 200 m. A reduction of UHI intensity by 2.3 °C was observed for every 10% increase of the average core water surface ratio. This study provides a theoretical reference to the control of heat islands for the planning and design of urban water bodies.

The efficiency of collision of solid aerosol particles with water surfaces

1978 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.D. Stulov ◽  
F.I. Murashkevich ◽  
N. Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Water Surfaces ◽  
Solid Aerosol
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