The frequency of induced premature centromere division in human populations occupationally exposed to genotoxic chemicals

1999 ◽  
Vol 445 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenö Major ◽  
Mátyás G Jakab ◽  
Anna Tompa
Keyword(s):  
Human Populations ◽  
Premature Centromere Division ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
Genotoxic Chemicals

Macromolecular adducts caused by environmental chemicals

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 1835-1840 ◽  
Author(s):  
H G Neumann ◽  
O Albrecht ◽  
C van Dorp ◽  
I Zwirner-Baier
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Area ◽  
Coke Oven ◽  
Environmental Chemicals ◽  
Interindividual Variation ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
Back Ground ◽  
Nitropolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Coke Oven Workers ◽  
And Control ◽  
Genotoxic Chemicals

Abstract We describe three biomonitoring studies in which hemoglobin (Hb) adducts were used as biochemical markers to assess indirectly the target dose of genotoxic chemicals. We monitored the exposure to 1,3-butadiene in occupationally exposed workers and in two control groups by analyzing the adducts formed by the reaction of the first activation product, butadiene monoepoxide, with the terminal valine of Hb; we also measured hydrolyzable adducts formed by the reaction of metabolically formed nitroso derivatives with Hb from five selected nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (1-nitropyrene; 2-nitrofluorene, 3-nitrofluoranthrene, 6-nitrochrysene, and 9-nitrophenanthrene) in coke oven workers of different job categories and control workers of the same geographical area. We detected hydrolyzable adducts from monocyclic nitroarenes in blood from individuals living in a contaminated area where explosives had been produced and from controls. The contaminants considered were 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene; 2,4- and 2,6-dinitrotoluene; and 1,3-dinitrobenzene. Differences between groups were significant, but interindividual variation was great and back-ground exposures must be considered.

Cytogenetic surveillance of persons occupationally exposed to genotoxic chemicals

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 313-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Pajic ◽  
Dubravka Jovicic ◽  
Aleksandar P. S. Milovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
Genotoxic Chemicals

scholarly journals On the need to assess cancer risk in populations environmentally and occupationally exposed to virus and chemical agents in developing countries

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (suppl 3) ◽  
pp. S87-S98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Franco Netto
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Oncogenic Viruses ◽  
Infected Chicken ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Evidence exists that exposure to poultry oncogenic viruses may produce elevated cancer mortality in human populations, particularly excesses of cancer of lung and excesses of cancer of lymphopoietic tissues. To date, this potential risk is unknown in populations from the developing countries. This paper suggests the need to assess cancer risk in populations of developing countries with reported environmental exposure to chicken meat products and eggs; the need to assess risk of cancer in populations inoculated with vaccines from infected chicken embryos; and the need to assess risk of cancer in occupational populations highly exposed to poultry oncogenic viruses, and with potential concurrent exposure to chemical agents known or suspected to be carcinogens.

scholarly journals A review on ecotoxic potential of pollutants in fish

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Kirandeep Kaur ◽  
Satinder Kaur ◽  
Arvinder Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Aquatic Pollutants ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Major Route ◽  
Aquatic Food ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Work Done ◽  
Genotoxic Chemicals ◽  
Dye Industry

Fishes in the aquatic food web are at the top of most aquatic food chains and form an important link in the aquatic-terrestrial food chain also. They are easily available in the wild, market, can be easily maintained in the laboratory and act as important models for indicating the outcome of exposure of human populations to toxic and genotoxic chemicals in drinking water. They respond to toxicants in a manner similar to higher vertebrates and metabolize and accumulate pollutants. Food is a major route for exposure of human populations to toxic chemicals in water so fish and shell fish have been recognized as major vectors for transfer of contaminants to humans, as these major sources of protein in many countries, are often contaminated with high concentrations of pollutants. In living systems, these are biotransformed to various toxic derivatives which react with DNA and lead to tumour development are carcinogenic and/or mutagenic to life leading to the number of cancer cases. Epidemiological studies have revealed that workers in the dye industry had a higher incidence of urinary bladder tumours than that of the general population. Therefore, in the present review an attempt has been made to document the work done in past on the use of fishes for studying toxicological changes induced by pollutants. Actually, toxicity and genotoxicity of dyes in fish has not been much explored, therefore along with the few reports available on dyes, literature on toxicity and genotoxicity of other aquatic pollutants has also been reviewed in the present study.

scholarly journals Carbon Disulfide (CS2) Induced Chromosomal Alterations and Apoptosis in Circulated Blood Lymphocytes of Personnel Working in Viscose Industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Manikantan Pappuswamy ◽  
Rajkumar Sundaram ◽  
Harishankar M Kuppanna ◽  
Thirunavukkarasu Periyasamy
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Disulfide ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Repair Synthesis ◽  
Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Group I ◽  
Premature Centromere Division ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
Induced Apoptosis ◽  
Dna Repair Synthesis

Background and objective: Carbon disulfide (CS2) is a naturally occurring chemical substance in the environment and also an important endogenous substance in the human body. This study was done to collect data on the effects and to find a possible relationship between in-vivo CS2 induced apoptosis and genotoxic effects.Material and method: Circulated blood lymphocytes (PBL) of 41 workers occupationally exposed to Carbon disulfide (CS2) in viscose industry were investigated. The participants involved three groups. The first group included 41 participants exposed to CS2 together with various confounding factors; the second group comprised of 41 participants who were inhabitant of viscose industry and were partially exposed to CS2 in long periods; and third group consisting 41 participants as control group who were not exposed to any kind of chemicals and radiation hazards. Ambient air concentrations of CS2 were measured in different workplaces. Measures of genotoxicity included the determination of the frequencies of chromosomal aberrations (CA), sister-chromatid exchange (SCE), HPRT mutations (variant frequency, VF), and measurement of UV-induced unscheduled DNA-repair synthesis (UDS). The percentages of premature centromere division (PCD) and of cells with a high frequency of SCE (HF/SCE) were also scored. Apoptosis and c l proliferation were determined by flow cytometry.Results: In both CS2 exposed groups, the apoptotic activity and the CA levels in PBLs were significantly higher than in controls. CA was mostly breaks of the chromatid type. In group II, CA was slightly lower in comparison with group I, which can be attributed to a different rate of elimination of damaged lymphocytes as a consequence of CS2 induced apoptotic activity.Conclusion: The results demonstrate that exposure to CS2 induced apoptosis and CA, indicating an excess cancer risk among participants occupationally exposed to CS2. The results also emphasized the importance of the measurement of occupationally exposed pollutants such as CS2 in order to avoid genotoxic effects in the workers.

The sense of obligation is culturally modulated

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Bender
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Cultural Group ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Sense Of Obligation ◽  
Cross Cultural Studies

Abstract Tomasello argues in the target article that, in generalizing the concrete obligations originating from interdependent collaboration to one's entire cultural group, humans become “ultra-cooperators.” But are all human populations cooperative in similar ways? Based on cross-cultural studies and my own fieldwork in Polynesia, I argue that cooperation varies along several dimensions, and that the underlying sense of obligation is culturally modulated.

ELIMINATION OF-HEXACHLOROCYCLOHEXANE IN OCCUPATIONALLY EXPOSED PERSONS

1997 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Jung ◽  
H. Becher ◽  
L. Edler ◽  
D. Flesch-Janys ◽  
P. Gurn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupationally Exposed

Self-Injurious Behavior vs. Nonsuicidal Self-Injury

Crisis ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Bloom ◽  
Shareen Holly ◽  
Adam M. P. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Positive Reinforcement ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Animal Research ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Cns Stimulant ◽  
Nonsuicidal Self Injury

Background: Historically, the field of self-injury has distinguished between the behaviors exhibited among individuals with a developmental disability (self-injurious behaviors; SIB) and those present within a normative population (nonsuicidal self-injury; NSSI),which typically result as a response to perceived stress. More recently, however, conclusions about NSSI have been drawn from lines of animal research aimed at examining the neurobiological mechanisms of SIB. Despite some functional similarity between SIB and NSSI, no empirical investigation has provided precedent for the application of SIB-targeted animal research as justification for pharmacological interventions in populations demonstrating NSSI. Aims: The present study examined this question directly, by simulating an animal model of SIB in rodents injected with pemoline and systematically manipulating stress conditions in order to monitor rates of self-injury. Methods: Sham controls and experimental animals injected with pemoline (200 mg/kg) were assigned to either a low stress (discriminated positive reinforcement) or high stress (discriminated avoidance) group and compared on the dependent measures of self-inflicted injury prevalence and severity. Results: The manipulation of stress conditions did not impact the rate of self-injury demonstrated by the rats. The results do not support a model of stress-induced SIB in rodents. Conclusions: Current findings provide evidence for caution in the development of pharmacotherapies of NSSI in human populations based on CNS stimulant models. Theoretical implications are discussed with respect to antecedent factors such as preinjury arousal level and environmental stress.

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