485. Protection of CD4+ T-Cells and Enhanced Immune Response Against SHIV-Challenge after Engraftment of Genetically-Modified HSCs in the Pigtailed Macaque-AIDS Model

Dysregulation of the type 17 immune pathway has already been considered in schizophrenia and we previously measured decreased sera values of interleukin (IL)-17 in early stages. We further explored the possible correlation of IL-17 systemic levels with proinflammatory cytokines and cognitive scores and additionally analyzed the percentage of IL-17 producing lymphocytes in peripheral blood of patients with stable schizophrenia. We included 27 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (F20), after a three-month stable depot antipsychotic therapy (risperidone or paliperidone) and 18 healthy control subjects. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale of Schizophrenia and the Montreal-Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were conducted. Sera concentrations of IL-17, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and soluble ST2 receptor (sST2) were measured. Flow cytometry and Natural Killer (NK) and T cell analyses were done in 10 patients and 10 healthy controls. Moderate positive correlation was established between IL-17 and TNF-α (r = 0.640; p = 0.001), IL-17 and IL-6 (r = 0.514; p = 0.006), IL-17 and sST2 (r = 0.394; p = 0.042). Furthermore, a positive correlation between the serum levels of IL-17 and MoCA scores was observed, especially with visuospatial and executive functioning, as well as language functioning and delayed recall (p < 0.05). Significantly higher percentage of IL-17 producing CD56+ NK cells was measured in peripheral blood of patients with schizophrenia in remission vs. healthy individuals (p = 0.001). The percentage of CD4+ T cells and CD4+ T cells that produce IL-17 was significantly increased in patients (p = 0.001). This study revealed the involvement of innate type 17 immune response in the progression of inflammation and this could be related to cognitive functioning in stable schizophrenia.

Download Full-text

The effect of Kefir on The Immune Response of Healthy Volunteers In Vitro

Journal of Agromedicine and Medical Sciences ◽

10.19184/ams.v3i2.5067 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 28

Author(s):

Desie Dwi Wisudanti

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

T Cells ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Healthy Volunteers ◽

Cd8 T Cells ◽

Cd4 T Cells ◽

Fermented Milk ◽

Bioactive Components ◽

Ifn Γ

Kefir is a functional foodstuff of probiotics, made from fermented milk with kefir grains containing various types of beneficial bacteria and yeast. There have been many studies on the effects of oral kefir on the immune system, but few studies have shown the effect of bioactive components from kefir (peptides and exopolysaccharides/ kefiran), on immune responses. The purpose of this study was to prove the effect of kefir supernatant from milk goat on healthy immune volunteer response in vitro. The study was conducted on 15 healthy volunteers, then isolated PBMC from whole blood, then divided into 5 groups (K-, P1, P2, P3 and P4) before culture was done for 4 days. The harvested cells from culture were examined for the percentage of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, IFN-γ, IL-4 using flowsitometry and IL-2 levels, IL-10 using the ELISA method. The results obtained that kefir do not affect the percentage of CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells. The higher the concentration of kefir given, the higher levels of secreted IFN- γ and IL-4, but a decrease in IL-2 levels. Significant enhancement occurred at levels of IL-10 culture PBMC given kefir with various concentrations (p <0.01), especially at concentrations of 1%. These results also show the important effects of kefir bioactive components on immune responses. The conclusion of this study is that kefir can improve the immune response, through stimulation of IL-10 secretion in vitro.

Download Full-text

Immune response evaluation in Balb/c mice after crude extract of Anisakis typica sensitization

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2019.1529-1534 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 1529-1534

Author(s):

Linda Haryadi ◽

Eddy Suprayitno ◽

Aulanni'am Aulanni'am ◽

Anik Martinah Hariati

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

T Cells ◽

Crude Extract ◽

Cd4 T Cells ◽

Classical Model ◽

Economic Value ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

T Helper ◽

Food Antigens ◽

Ifn Γ

Background and Aim: Anisakis is a global challenge for a fish product which may lead to a decrease in economic value and consumers' preference. Skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis) in Kupang, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesia, have important economic value for local fisheries. Anisakis typica is one of the Anisakis species which potent to induce an allergic reaction. However, the study about A. typica involved in the dendritic cells (DCs), T helper 1 (Th1), T helper 2 (Th2), and regulatory T cells (Tregs) is still limited. This study aimed to analyze the dynamic changed of the immune system including DCs, CD4+ T cells, and Tregs after 1 week of A. typica sensitization. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four male Balb/C mice were randomly divided into four groups (n=6), mice treated with crude A. typica extract (CAE) 50, 75, and 100 mg/kg BW, respectively. CAE was given orally per day for a week. At the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed and the spleen was collected. DCs were labeled as CD11c+ interleukin-6+ (IL-6+); CD4+ T cells were distinguished as Th1 (CD4+ interferon-γ+ [IFN-γ+]) and Th2 (CD4+ IL-4+ and CD4+ IL-5+); Tregs were labeled as CD4+CD25+CD62L+. The expression of each cell was determined by flow cytometry. Results: Our result described that CAE elicits CD11c+ IL-6+, CD4+ IFN-γ+, CD4+ IL-4+, and CD4+ IL-5+ and reduces CD4+CD25+CD62L+ significantly (p<0.05) in dose-dependent manner in mice after A. typica infection. Conclusion: The Th1/Th2 ratio after A. typica crude extract treatment exhibits a mixed pattern rather than the classical model allergy to food antigens. Our study is expected as a basic understanding of the changes in immune response after A. typica infection.

Download Full-text

Azithromycin modulates immune response of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells and CD4 + T cells

International Immunopharmacology ◽

10.1016/j.intimp.2016.09.012 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 318-326 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Syh-Jae Lin ◽

Ming-Ling Kuo ◽

Hsiu-Shan Hsiao ◽

Pei-Tzu Lee

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

T Cells ◽

Dendritic Cells ◽

Cd4 T Cells ◽

Human Monocyte

Download Full-text

Notch ligand Delta-like 4 regulates disease pathogenesis during respiratory viral infections by modulating Th2 cytokines

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.20070661 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 204 (12) ◽

pp. 2925-2934 ◽

Cited By ~ 80

Author(s):

Matthew A. Schaller ◽

Rupak Neupane ◽

Brian D. Rudd ◽

Steven L. Kunkel ◽

Lara E. Kallal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

T Cells ◽

Cd4 T Cells ◽

Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Interleukin 12 ◽

Disease Pathogenesis ◽

Notch Ligand ◽

Isolated Lung ◽

Syncytial Virus

Recent data have indicated that an important instructive class of signals regulating the immune response is Notch ligand–mediated activation. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, we observed that only Delta-like 4 (dll4) was up-regulated on bone marrow–derived dendritic cells after respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, and that it was dependent on MyD88-mediated pathways. Using a polyclonal antibody specific for dll4, the development of RSV-induced disease was examined. Animals treated with anti-dll4 had substantially increased airway hyperresponsiveness compared with control antibody-treated animals. When the lymphocytic lung infiltrate was examined, a significant increase in total CD4+ T cells and activated (perforin+) CD8+ T cells was observed. Isolated lung CD4+ T cells demonstrated significant increases in Th2-type cytokines and a decrease in interferon γ, demonstrating an association with increased disease pathogenesis. Parellel in vitro studies examining the integrated role of dll4 with interleukin-12 demonstrated that, together, both of these instructive signals direct the immune response toward a more competent, less pathogenic antiviral response. These data demonstrate that dll4-mediated Notch activation is one regulator of antiviral immunity.

Download Full-text