Estimating Out-Crossing Rate of Bg 379-2 Using Morphological Markers and Confirmation by Molecular Markers

Abstract Open-pollinated hybridisation seed orchards of European and Japanese larches produce mixed progenies combining a highly variable proportion of hybrids along with pure parental species. For several reasons, it is desirable to identify and to sort out hybrids from pure species at the seedling stage. Taxa identification of 1-2 yr-old seedlings was attempted using non-destructive assessment of several traits, including morphology, phenology, growth and architecture parameters. Two sets of progenies originating from 10 open-pollinated hybridisation seed orchards were used, relying in a first step on taxa identification of individual seedlings with diagnostic molecular markers. Based on 21 traits assessed, some clear trends in pure species and hybrid features were apparent but due to the large and overlapping ranges of taxa characteristics, no single parameter allowed unambiguous identification of taxa. Combination of traits through linear discriminant analysis made possible correct classification of 90.2% to 98.6% of individuals depending on the orchard although there were a few problematic orchards. Two traits appeared particularly pertinent for discriminating young plants taxa, namely 1st-yr leaf retention (marcescence) and the bark colour of 2nd-year shoot increments. Results were corroborated using progenies from several orchards and over two experimental periods.

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A peach linkage map integrating RFLPs, SSRs, RAPDs, and morphological markers

Genome ◽

10.1139/g01-065 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 44 (5) ◽

pp. 783-790 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

Maria Teresa Dettori ◽

Roberta Quarta ◽

Ignazio Verde

Keyword(s):

Molecular Markers ◽

Comparative Analysis ◽

Linkage Map ◽

Morphological Traits ◽

Prunus Persica ◽

Average Distance ◽

Morphological Markers ◽

Linkage Groups ◽

Peach Genome ◽

The Common

A linkage map was obtained using a BC1 progeny (Prunus persica × (P. persica × P. ferganensis)). The map is composed of 109 loci (74 RFLPs, 17 SSRs, 16 RAPDs, and two morphological traits) distributed in 10 linkage groups. Loci, segregating in five different ratios, were integrated in the map with JoinMap 2.0 software. The map covers 521 cM of the peach genome. The average distance between adjacent loci is 4.8 cM. Two monogenic traits, flesh adhesion (F/f) and leaf glands (E/e), were placed on the map. Thirty-two loci in common with a saturated linkage map of Prunus allowed a comparative analysis to be made between the two maps. Homologies were found among the respective linkage groups. No relevant differences were observed in the linear order of the common loci.Key words: peach, linkage map, Prunus persica, Prunus ferganensis, molecular markers.

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Spatial and regional directory of tropical Auricularia mushrooms in Southwest, Nigeria

10.1101/2021.05.07.443104 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Victor Segun Ekun ◽

Clementina Oyindamola Adenipekun ◽

Omena B. Ojuederie ◽

Peter Mudiaga Etaware

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Molecular Markers ◽

Distinct Species ◽

Morphological Markers ◽

Auricularia Polytricha ◽

The Past ◽

Auricularia Auricula ◽

Southwest Nigeria ◽

Genetic Dissimilarity ◽

Location Type

Bioremediation of wastelands and dumpsites in Africa is fast declining due to reduced mushroom populations. In the past, the forest of Africa was teaming with mushrooms, but nowadays; mushrooms are severely exploited, resulting in gradual drift to extinction. Mushrooms have the tendency to degrade recalcitrant wastes and absorb heavy metals (Bio-accumulation). Unless concerted efforts are made to rejuvenate or rescue the surviving mushroom population, Africa will one day be overshadowed by wastes. The mushroom diversity in Southwest, Nigeria was determined by both morphological and molecular markers, 14 primers (OPB-11, OPB-12, OPB-15, OPB-20, OPB-21, OPH-3, OPH-5, OPH-10, OPH-15, OPT-1, OPT-5, OPT-7, OPT-10 and OPT-19) produced polymorphism with the test samples under electrophoresis gel (PCR and RAPD). Using standard morphological markers, Auricularia auricula was found to be evenly distributed across 8 locations in Ekiti and Osun, 6 locations in Ogun, 5 locations in Oyo and 4 locations in Lagos. There was none identified in Ondo. Auricularia polytricha was found in abundance in all the locations in Ondo. Lagos only had 3 out of its outline Stations graced with the presence of A. polytricha, whereas, Ogun, Ekiti, Osun and Oyo had no records of A. polytricha. From the genetic dissimilarity chart, 6 clusters of mushroom, sub-characterized into 3 distinct species (Auricularia polytricha, A. auricula and an unrelated Auricularia outlier species) and 5 cultivars were obtained in the region of Southwest, Nigeria. The population of all the Auricularia mushrooms currently present in Southwest, Nigeria was effectively captioned (Location, type and identity) by this research.

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Location of Four Morphological Markers (dgs, blu, arg, and y) in a Molecular Linkage Map of Common Bean

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.32.3.544b ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 544B-544

Author(s):

Gino Beltran ◽

Geunhwa Jung ◽

Mark Bassett ◽

James Nienhuis

Keyword(s):

Molecular Markers ◽

Common Bean ◽

Linkage Map ◽

Morphological Traits ◽

Rapd Markers ◽

Genetic Relationships ◽

Blue Flower ◽

Recurrent Parent ◽

Morphological Markers ◽

Molecular Linkage Map

The development of a complete linkage map including both morphological and molecular markers is important to understand the genetic relationships among quantitatively and qualitatively inherited traits in common bean. The objective of this study was to identify RAPD markers linked to genes for four morphological traits using bulked segregant analysis and to map the markers to a molecular linkage map previously constructed in common bean. Three segregating populations were evaluated. Two BC2F2 populations with dgs (dark green savoy leaf) and blu (blue flower) induced mutant was developed with a Florida breeding line 7-1404 and 5-593 as the recurrent parent. In addition, a BC3F2 population with the y (yellow wax pod) and the arg (silvery green pod) mutants was developed from the Lamprecht line PI 527858 and 5-593 as the recurrent parent. RAPD markers linked in coupling to the morphological traits were detected to be 4.1 cM, 4.3 cM, 7.3 cM, and 12.3 cM distant from the dgs, blu, y, and arg genes, respectively. The linked RAPD markers were mapped in the molecular linkage map previously constructed using recombinant inbred population of the cross PC-50 × XAN-159. In this linkage map, we observed a linkage between the C locus and blu gene whose location was not previously known. In addition, a linkage between an abaxial leaf pubescent gene and dgs gene was observed. These results indicate that integrating morphological markers and molecular markers can result in a more complete genetic linkage map in common bean.

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Tomato chromosome 6: effect of alien chromosomal segments on recombinant frequencies

Genome ◽

10.1139/g96-062 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 485-491 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Tsvetana Liharska ◽

Monique van Wordragen ◽

Ab van Kammen ◽

Pim Zabel ◽

Maarten Koornneef

Keyword(s):

Molecular Markers ◽

Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽

Key Words ◽

Wild Species ◽

Chromosome 6 ◽

Morphological Markers ◽

Additional Information ◽

Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill ◽

Recombinant Frequency ◽

Tomato Chromosome

Variation in recombinant frequencies at two adjacent intervals on chromosome 6 of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) has been studied in seven lines that differ in the amount and origin of introgressed segments from wild species. These lines were all crossed to a genotype homozygous recessive for the markers tl, yv, and c, which define the centromere spanning region tl–yv and the long arm region yv–c. Recombinants were identified in large F2, populations consisting of over 30 000 plants in total. Application of molecular markers provided additional information on the distribution of crossover events within the centromere-containing interval tl–yv. A decrease in recombination at the marked intervals correlated with the presence of an alien segment. Suppression of recombination was up to sixfold in the centromere spanning interval tl–yv depending on the source and size of the introgression, and was restricted to the alien segments with no strong effect on the neighbouring intervals. Key words : recombinant frequency, Lycopersicon esculentum, morphological markers, introgressions, centromere.

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Genetic relationships in Saccharum complex germplasm collections based on morphological and molecular markers

E-Journal Menara Perkebunan ◽

10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v89i1.421 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 89 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Wiwit Budi WIDYASARI ◽

. DAMANHURI

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Molecular Markers ◽

Genetic Distance ◽

Genetic Relationship ◽

Genetic Similarity ◽

Genetic Relationships ◽

Morphological Markers ◽

Saccharum Complex ◽

High Genetic Diversity ◽

Germplasm Collections

and is a cross-pollinator, so information about the genetic relationship between the accessions in germplasm collections is very important for selecting the prospective parent in crossbreeding. This research aims to determine the phylogenetic relationship of 24 Saccharum complex accessions and to verify the grouping of accessions using 37 morphological and three microsatellite molecular markers. Interpretation of morphological and molecular data was obtained from the analysis using the NTYSYpc-2.02i program. The results show that within the 24 accessions analyzed using morphological markers, some accessions did not cluster as the classification at the conservation time. This difference is due to the morphological markers, descriptions of characters that do not appear are considered as the same variables though in different morphological characters, so this increases the value of genetic similarity among accessions analyzed. In contrast, the grouping of molecular markers shows that each accession was grouped according to the classification at the conservation time. These accessions had a low genetic similarity of 0.20 with a broad genetic distance of 0.80. This broad genetic distance indicates that the twenty-four accessions have a distant genetic relationship with one another, so that the genetic diversity of these accessions is relatively high. The high genetic diversity in germplasm collections improves its potential as a crossing parent to obtain a high heterosis effect.

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The role of Molecular Markers in Improvement of Fruit Crops

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb224222 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 22-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Zahoor Ahmad BHAT ◽

Wasakha Singh DHILLON ◽

Rizwan RASHID ◽

Javid Ahmad BHAT ◽

Waseem Ali DAR ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Markers ◽

Sex Differentiation ◽

Crop Improvement ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Fruit Trees ◽

Pedigree Analysis ◽

Morphological Markers ◽

Fruit Crops ◽

Naked Eye ◽

Hybrid Detection

Markers have been used over the years for the classification of plants. Markers are any trait of an organism that can be identified with confidence and relative easy, and can be followed in a mapping population on another hand markers be defined as heritable entities associated with the economically important trait under the control of polygenes. Morphological markers can be detected with naked eye (naked eye polymorphism) or as difference in physical or chemical properties of the macromolecules. In other words, there are two types of genetic markers viz. morphological markers or naked eye polymorphism and non-morphological markers or molecular markers. Morphological markers include traits such as plant height, disease response, photoperiod, sensitivity, shape or colour of flowers, fruits or seeds etc. Molecular markers include biochemical constituents. Morphological markers have many limitations for being used as markers particularly in fruit crops because of long generation time and large size of fruit trees besides being influenced by environment. Consequently, molecular markers could be appropriate choice to study and preserve the diversity in any germplasm. Molecular markers have diverse applications in fruit crop improvement, particularly in the areas of genetic diversity and varietal identification studies, gene tagging, disease diagnostics, pedigree analysis, hybrid detection, sex differentiation and marker assisted selection.

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(261) A PCR-based Linkage Map of Broccoli [Brassica oleracea(L.) var. italica] and Comparisons with Existing BrassicaMaps

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1090b ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 1090B-1090

Author(s):

Allan Brown ◽

Khalid Ibrahim ◽

Sultana Islam ◽

Elizabeth Jeffery ◽

John Juvik

Keyword(s):

Molecular Markers ◽

Genetic Analysis ◽

Linkage Map ◽

Brassica Oleracea ◽

Genetic Linkage ◽

Genetic Linkage Map ◽

Morphological Markers ◽

Linkage Groups ◽

Interval Width ◽

Brassica Oleracea L

A set of 216 PCR-based molecular markers was screened for polymorphisms using two morphologically dissimilar broccoli lines, `VI-158' and `BNC'. Fifty-nine of these markers, representing 69 detected polymorphisms and two morphological markers, were used to construct a genetic linkage map of broccoli [Brassicaoleracea (L.) var. italica] from a population of 162 F2:3 families generated from the cross between these two lines. Ten genetic linkage groups were generated that spanned a distance of 468 cM with an average interval width of 9.4 cm. This map represents the first combined SSR and SRAP map of Brassica oleracea. Comparisons are made to existing maps of Brassicanapus and to inter-specific maps of Brassicaoleracea. To our knowledge this is the first linkage map of broccoli [Brassicaoleracea (L.) var. italica] and should provide a useful tool for the genetic analysis of traits specific to the italica subspecies.

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