scholarly journals Pension System in Changing Economic Environment: Case of Latvia

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 219-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inese Mavlutova ◽  
Stanislava Titova ◽  
Andris Fomins
Keyword(s):  
Pension System ◽  
Economic Environment

scholarly journals Development of the taxation of retirement products in Bulgaria

VUZF Review ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
Stanislav Dimitrov
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Tax Policy ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Pension Funds ◽  
Pension Plans ◽  
Economic Environment

Retirement products are long-term savings products. It is widespread government to encourage the saving via tax incentives. Bulgaria follows favourable taxation of saving in voluntary pension funds. The paper is searching answer whether the applied tax policy of personal retirement products in Bulgaria is efficient. The research is focused on three main areas: the nature of the tax incentives in the country; the development of the taxation of pensions across European Union and the areas for improvements of the tax policy taking into account the characteristics of the Bulgarian socio-economic environment. The efficiency of the tax advantages often is under doubt in the literature. These studies omit the fact that without tax reliefs the coverage and the efficiency of saving in personal pension plans will be low. One of the conclusions of the current research is that the tax incentives for personal retirement products have to be a part of the design of the plans and these reliefs need to be adapted to the changing economic environment. The paper reaches the conclusion that evolution of the taxation of pensions in the country is needed. The positive changes will increase the trust in the personal retirement products and will improve the adequacy and sustainability of the overall pension system in Bulgaria. This evolution can be done through set of measures that will encourage people to save and will be factor for improving the results from the saving in personal pension plans.

scholarly journals PROS AND CONS OF PENSION REFORM- GEORGIAN CASE

2020 ◽  
pp. 91-95
Author(s):  
ZURAB MUSHKUDIANI ◽  
DAVID MAMRIKISHVILI ◽  
IRAKLI GACHECHILADZE
Keyword(s):  
Current Issue ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Economic Environment ◽  
The Public ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Heavy Burden ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
State Pension ◽  
Over Time

The paper studies pension reform in Georgia which has been going on since the 1990s, evolving over time and taking a modern look. The axiom is that the pension system in our country needed to be upgraded. The discussion on the current issue has been going on for a long time and the topic does not lose its relevance today. The establishment of a liberal economic environment can be considered as the basis for the accumulation of «accumulated pensions» in our country. Like all recent reforms, there are supporters and opponents of the reform, but unfortunately, for a number of reasons, the public expresses distrust and views the reform as a step backward. It is clear that pensioners› reliance on the basic state pension is a heavy burden for the country›s budget.

The Role of Behavioral Models in the Ontological Structure of Modern Macroeconomics

2013 ◽  
pp. 98-110
Author(s):  
M. Likhachev
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Institutional Structure ◽  
Economic Environment ◽  
Behavioral Models ◽  
Macroeconomic Models ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Practical Implications

Behavioral models are considered in the paper as the link between the description of the institutional structure of the economic system and the formation of macro-aggregates, reflecting the results of its operations. The degree of homogeneity of the private sector’s economic environment and complementary goals of private entities and government regulation are noted as basic characteristics of behavioral models. The author examines the differences in the estimates of these characteristics as one of the most important factors underpinning the architecture of modern macroeconomic models and their practical implications.

CIVIL AND LEGAL LIABILITY OF JUDGES

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaroslav Skoromnyy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Legal Liability ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Model Code ◽  
European Court ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right

The article presents the conceptual foundations of bringing judges to civil and legal liability. It was found that the civil and legal liability of judges is one of the types of legal liability of judges. It is determined that the legislation of Ukraine provides for a clearly delineated list of the main cases (grounds) for which the state is liable for damages for damage caused to a legal entity and an individual by illegal actions of a judge as a result of the administration of justice. It has been proved that bringing judges to civil and legal liability, in particular on the basis of the right of recourse, provides for the payment of just compensation in accordance with the decision of the European Court of Human Rights. It was established that the bringing of judges to civil and legal liability in Ukraine is regulated by such legislative documents as the Constitution of Ukraine, the Civil Code of Ukraine, the Explanatory Note to the European Charter on the Status of Judges (Model Code), the Law of Ukraine «On the Judicial System and the Status of Judges», the Law of Ukraine «On the procedure for compensation for harm caused to a citizen by illegal actions of bodies carrying out operational-search activities, pre-trial investigation bodies, prosecutors and courts», Decision of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine in the case on the constitutional submission of the Supreme Court of Ukraine regarding the compliance of the Constitution of Ukraine (constitutionality) of certain provisions of Article 2, paragraph two of clause II «Final and transitional provisions» of the Law of Ukraine «On measures to legislatively ensure the reform of the pension system», Article 138 of the Law of Ukraine «On the judicial system and the status of judges» (the case on changes in the conditions for the payment of pensions and monthly living known salaries of judges lagging behind in these), the Law of Ukraine «On the implementation of decisions and the application of the practice of the European Court of Human Rights».

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