Barriers to, and recommendations for, the provision of care and support to children living as AIDS orphans in township communities in South Africa: a cluster analysis

Abstract Long-term care is being prioritised due to population ageing, and hand in hand with the development of professional provision of long-term care, public expendi-tures will be increasing. Mainly countries with a sharp increase in the number of people aged 80+ will have to address the sustainability of long-term care systems and the pro-curement of relevant services. This paper aims to evaluate the forms of provision and financing of long-term care in selected OECD countries. Provision and funding of long-term care in terms of a formal system are assessed based on selected criteria using analytical methods (principal component analysis and TwoStep cluster analysis). Results of the evaluation carried out in 2008 and 2013 by means of the selected indicators of long-term care, using TwoStep cluster analysis, confirmed both similar as well as different approaches to the provision and financing of long-term care in the analysed countries. The most marked differences in the provision of care based on indicators LTC recipients aged 65+ and LTC recipients in institutions as a percentage of total LTC recipients were found between the first cluster (Australia and Korea with the highest share of LTC recipients) and the second cluster (Czech Republic, Estonia, with the lowest share of LTC recipients). In financing of long-term care (LTC expenditures on institutions as a percentage of total LTC expenditures), the most significant differences were observed between the first (Australia, Korea, with the largest share of LTC expenditures on institutions) and third cluster (mainly Nordic countries, with the lowest share of LTC expenditures on institutions of total LTC expenditures).

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Music and the wellbeing of people with dementia

Ageing and Society ◽

10.1017/s0144686x06005228 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 127-145 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

ANDREW SIXSMITH ◽

GRANT GIBSON

Keyword(s):

Technological Development ◽

Social Contact ◽

Therapeutic Interventions ◽

People With Dementia ◽

Care And Support ◽

The Many ◽

And Control ◽

Provision Of Care ◽

Depth Interviews

While therapeutic interventions involving music have been shown to have benefits for people with dementia, little research has examined the role of music and music-related activities in their everyday lives. This paper presents the results of qualitative research that explored this role in terms of: the meaning and importance of music in everyday life; the benefits derived from participation in music-related activities; and the problems of engaging with music. Data were collected during in-depth interviews with 26 people with dementia and their carers, who lived either in their own homes or in residential care in different parts of England. The paper illustrates the many different ways in which people with dementia experience music. As well as being enjoyed in its own right, music can enable people to participate in activities that are enjoyable and personally meaningful. It is an important source of social cohesion and social contact, supports participation in various activities within and outside the household, and provides a degree of empowerment and control over their everyday situations. The practical implications for the provision of care and support for people with dementia are discussed. The scope and implications for technological development to promote access to music are also discussed.

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Maternal AIDS Orphans and the Burden of Parenting in Youth-headed Households; Implications for Food Security in Impoverished Areas of South Africa

The Open Public Health Journal ◽

10.2174/1874944502013010144 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 144-151

Author(s):

Ephodia Sebola ◽

Busisiwe Ntuli ◽

Sphiwe Madiba

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Child Support ◽

Resource Constraints ◽

Extended Family ◽

Informal Settlements ◽

Psychosocial Wellbeing ◽

Aids Orphans ◽

Adequate Food ◽

Household Heads

The increasing number of AIDS orphans has led to an increase in child and youth headed households. Adjusting to the parenting role with no support from their extended family is a source of distress for orphans heading households. This study explored the parenting experiences of orphaned youth heading households in resource constraints environments. Methods: The participants were purposely selected from Youth-Headed Households (YHHs) located in informal settlements in the City of Tshwane, South Africa. The data analysis was inductive and followed the thematic approach. Results: Thirteen females and five males aged between 15-24 years were interviewed. The phenomenon of YHHs occured in impoverished informal settlements partly due to orphans being forcefully removed from their parents’ homes after the death of their mothers. The household heads felt morally obliged to care for their siblings, experienced parenting as burdensome, and the role adjustment from being a child to a parent difficult and demanding. The inability to provide adequate food to feed their siblings was a source of emotional stress. In an attempt to fulfil their parenting roles, they dropped out of school to find employment. Conclusion: Although the child support and foster grant are widely recognised for improving children's access to food, education, and basic services in South Africa, the lack thereof contributed to the economic hardships and vulnerability to food insecurity and hunger among orphans in YHHs. There is a need for multi-sectoral interventions to address food insecurity and, in so doing, improve the psychosocial wellbeing of orphans in YHHs.

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Institutional victimisation in post-apartheid South Africa

South African Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v11i3.110 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 5 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marilyn Lucas ◽

Dean Stevenson

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Treatment Approach ◽

Psychiatric Patients ◽

Naturalistic Study ◽

Individual Liberty ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Department Of Health ◽

Hospitalised Patients ◽

The Individual ◽

Provision Of Care

Objective. Institutionalisation of psychiatric patients was a prevalent treatment approach in the apartheid era of South Africa. Allegations of patient victimisation in the form of violence and abuse arose frequently during that time. From 1994 the process of democratisation introduced a strong human rights ethos. The post-apartheid Department of Health prioritised improvements in mental health care by recommending, inter alia, deinstitutionalisation and reintegration of patients into the community. Ten years later these interventions have proved difficult to institute and many patients are still hospitalised. The present study investigated whether currently hospitalised patients continue to experience violence and abuse.Method. This was an exploratory naturalistic study in which both qualitative and quantitative data were collected by means of a questionnaire and individual interviews.Results. Of the 127 patients who completed the study, more than 50% reported experiences of abuse. The main perpetrators were other patients, although violence on the part of staff was reported. Almost 44% of patients were frightened to stay in the hospital for treatment.Conclusion. A balance is needed between provision of care and protection from danger, and respect for the individual liberty of those suffering from serious mental illness in our society.

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Gender and Work in South Africa

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192894199.013.32 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 734-756

Author(s):

Daniela Casale ◽

Dorrit Posel ◽

Jacqueline Mosomi

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

South African ◽

Labour Force ◽

Labour Force Participation ◽

Gender And Work ◽

Women's Participation ◽

Primary Responsibility ◽

Unpaid Labour ◽

Provision Of Care ◽

Force Data

Abstract: This chapter provides an overview of women’s participation in the post-apartheid South African economy. It documents rising labour-force participation among women, as well as an increase in the share of total and high-skilled employment held by women. However, it also highlights some of the persistent challenges, among them that women’s labour-force participation, access to (high-skilled) employment, and earnings remain well below men’s using the most recent labour force data available. A key constraint to women’s success in the labour market is the additional responsibility they face in the home. The chapter uses data from various sources to show that women retain primary responsibility for the household and the provision of care in South Africa. Finally, attention is drawn to how the Covid-19 crisis has not only exposed the value of this unpaid labour to society, but also the difficulty of performing this work alongside the demands of paid work.

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