scholarly journals Prevalence, incidence, and associated risk factors of tuberculosis in children with HIV living in the UK and Ireland (CHIPS): a cohort study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. e530-e539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Turkova ◽  
Elizabeth Chappell ◽  
Ali Judd ◽  
Ruth L Goodall ◽  
Steven B Welch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Tuberculosis In Children

scholarly journals Predictors of persistent maternal depression trajectories in early childhood: results from the EDEN mother–child cohort study in France

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1999-2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. van der Waerden ◽  
C. Galéra ◽  
M.-J. Saurel-Cubizolles ◽  
A.-L. Sutter-Dallay ◽  
M. Melchior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Maternal Depression ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Preschool Period ◽  
Persistent Depression ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

BackgroundMaternal depression in the pre- and postpartum period may set women on a course of chronic depressive symptoms. Little is known about predictors of persistently elevated depressive symptoms in mothers from pregnancy onwards. The aims of this study are to determine maternal depression trajectories from pregnancy to the child's fifth birthday and identify associated risk factors.MethodMothers (N = 1807) from the EDEN mother–child birth cohort study based in France (2003–2011) were followed from 24–28 weeks of pregnancy to their child's fifth birthday. Maternal depression trajectories were determined with a semi-parametric group-based modelling strategy. Sociodemographic, psychosocial and psychiatric predictors were explored for their association with trajectory class membership.ResultsFive trajectories of maternal symptoms of depression from pregnancy onwards were identified: no symptoms (60.2%); persistent intermediate-level depressive symptoms (25.2%); persistent high depressive symptoms (5.0%); high symptoms in pregnancy only (4.7%); high symptoms in the child's preschool period only (4.9%).Socio-demographic predictorsassociated with persistent depression were non-French origin;psychosocial predictorswere childhood adversities, life events during pregnancy and work overinvestment;psychiatric predictorswere previous mental health problems, psychological help, and high anxiety during pregnancy.ConclusionsPersistent depression in mothers of young children is associated to several risk factors present prior to or during pregnancy, notably anxiety. These characteristics precede depression trajectories and offer a possible entry point to enhance mother's mental health and reduce its burden on children.

scholarly journals Breastfeeding exclusively and iron deficiency anemia during the first 6 months of age

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa F.S.V. Marques ◽  
José A.A.C. Taddei ◽  
Fábio A. Lopez ◽  
Josefina A.P. Braga
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Breastfed Infants ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Objective The objective was to determine the prevalence of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia among exclusively breastfed infants from one to six months of life and to identify associated risk factors. Methods This is a cohort study of the hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels of 102 healthy full-term infants, weighing more than 2500 grams (5.5 pounds) at birth, evaluated for growth development and supported to promote exclusive breastfeeding. Hemoglobin and ferritin levels were measured in the first, fourth, and sixth months of life. The hemoglobin and ferritin levels of the mothers were also measured in the first month postpartum. Results At four months, 5.7% presented iron deficiency and 3.4% had iron deficiency anemia. At six months, the percentage of children with iron deficiency increased more than four times, reaching 26.1%, while iron deficiency anemia was present in 23.9% of the infants studied. Iron deficiency at six months of age was significantly correlated to growth velocity. Conclusion According to the results of this study, exclusive breastfeeding protects infants from iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia for the first four months of life. After this age, in accordance with the literature, the findings of this study demonstrated an increase in anemia and iron deficiency rates, adding to evidence that supports the monitoring of iron levels in exclusively breastfed children presenting higher weight gains beginning at four months of age.

Gram-negative bloodstream infections and sepsis: risk factors, screening tools and surveillance

2019 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-15
Author(s):  
Eleanor Mitchell ◽  
Mark S Pearce ◽  
Anthony Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Topic Area ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Sepsis Risk ◽  
Comorbidity Scores ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Abstract Introduction and background Incidence of gram-negative bloodstream infections (GNBSIs) and sepsis are rising in the UK. Healthcare-associated risk factors have been identified that increase the risk of infection and associated mortality. Current research is focused on identifying high-risk patients and improving the methods used for surveillance. Sources of data Comprehensive literature search of the topic area using PubMed (Medline). Government, professional and societal publications were also reviewed. Areas of agreement A range of healthcare-associated risk factors independently associate with the risk of GNBSIs and sepsis. Areas of controversy There are calls to move away from using simple comorbidity scores to predict the risk of sepsis-associated mortality, instead more advanced multimorbidity models should be considered. Growing points and areas for developing research Advanced risk models should be created and evaluated for their ability to predict sepsis-associated mortality. Investigations into the accuracy of NEWS2 to predict sepsis-associated mortality are required.

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