Global Corpse Politics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Auchter
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Global Politics ◽  
Dead Body ◽  
Body Images ◽  
Visual Politics ◽  
Osama Bin Laden ◽  
Political Communities ◽  
Torture Victims ◽  
Trigger Warnings

Taboos have long been considered key examples of norms in global politics, with important strategic effects. Auchter focuses on how obscenity functions as a regulatory norm by focusing on dead body images. Obscenity matters precisely because it is applied inconsistently across multiple cases. Examining empirical cases including ISIS beheadings, the death of Muammar Qaddafi, Syrian torture victims, and the fake death images of Osama bin Laden, this book offers a rich theoretical explanation of the process by which the taboo surrounding dead body images is transgressed and upheld, through mechanisms including trigger warnings and media framings. This corpse politics sheds light on political communities and the structures in place that preserve them, including the taboos that regulate purported obscene images. Auchter questions the notion that the key debate at play in visual politics related to the dead body image is whether to display or not to display, and instead narrates various degrees of visibility, invisibility, and hyper-visibility.

Making an Exhibition of Ourselves: Using the Dead to Fight the Battles of the Living

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dead Body ◽  
American Military ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Dead Bodies ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Osama Bin Laden ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Nuremberg Trials

In October 2011, graphic images of a blood-stained and dead Muammar Gaddafi were sent around the internet. For some time after his death, his dead body was displayed at a house in Misrat, where masses of people queued to see it. His corpse provided a focus for the Libyan people, as proof that he really was dead and could finally be dominated. When Osama bin Laden was killed by the American military in May that same year, unlike Gaddafi, the body was absent, but the absence was significant. Shortly after he was killed a decision was taken not to show pictures of the dead body and it was buried at sea. The American military appear to have been concerned it would become a physical site for his supporters to congregate, and the photographs used by different sides in a propaganda war. Both cases reflect an aim to control the dead body and associated meanings with the person; that is not unusual: after the Nuremberg trials, the Allied authorities cremated Hermann Göring—who committed suicide prior to his scheduled hanging—so that his grave would not become a place of worship for Nazi sympathizers. These examples should remind us that dead bodies have longer lives than is at first obvious. They are central to rituals of mourning, but beyond this, throughout history, they have also played a role in political battles and provided a—sometimes contested—focus for reconciliation and remembrance. They have political and social capital and are objects with symbolic potential. In The Political Lives of Dead Bodies the anthropologist Katherine Verdery explores the way the dead body has been used in this way and why it is particularly effective. Firstly, she observes, human remains are effective symbolic objects because their meaning is ambiguous; that is whilst their associated meanings are contingent on a number of factors, including the individual and the cultural context, they are not fixed and are open to interpretation and manipulation: ‘Remains are concrete, yet protean; they do not have a single meaning but are open to many different readings’ (Verdery 1999: 28).

Obese Individuals' Perception of Body Image

1970 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 617-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
William L. Bailey ◽  
Martin M. Shinedling ◽  
I. Reed Payne
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Body Images ◽  
Overweight People ◽  
Figure Drawings

To test differences in size of body image of underweight, normal weight, and overweight people, 105 undergraduates were administered a Draw-A-Person test. The torso and head of the figure drawings were each assigned a number from 0 to 3 according to the degree their dimensions represented obese characteristics. Obese Ss drew significantly larger figures, indicating larger body images than normal or underweight Ss.

scholarly journals Body Image and Disturbed Eating Attitudes Among Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-430
Author(s):  
Wajeha Zainab ◽  
Shafaq Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Ideal Body Weight ◽  
Eating Attitudes ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Body Images ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Disturbed Eating ◽  
Ideal Body ◽  
Body Self ◽  
The Impact

Among all the psychiatric conditions, eating disorders has the highest mortality rates and most of the sufferers are adolescents. As the standards for beauty and attraction are changing and creating a bigger gap between actual and ideal body images resulting in dissatisfied, striving individuals to attain ideal body weight and shape. The current study is intended to explore the impact of closely related but discrete aspects of body image on disturbed eating attitudes among adolescents in Pakistan. Schools and universities were selected through convenient sampling, based on cross sectional research study involved 300 students of 15-20 years (M = 17.23, SD = 1.42) who completed the Eating Attitudes Test and Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaires. Analyses revealed that the adolescents with disturbed eating attitudes had scored significantly more on cognitive and affective components of body image that is overweight preoccupation and dissatisfaction with their body parts when compared to adolescents with normal eating patterns. Findings of this study are consistent with the existing literature in western culture that suggests that Preoccupation with weight and shape and body dissatisfaction is a risk factor for disturbed eating attitudes among adolescents.

scholarly journals Effects of Breast Cancer on Women's Psychological Health: A Review of Self-Compassion-Based Interventions in Body Image

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (22) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Breast Cancer Survivors ◽  
Body Images ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Rehabilitation Intervention ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Day By Day

Research on how breast cancer and its treatment affect women's psychological health is increasing day by day. There is information that the psychological health of women is affected not only in the treatment, but also during the period from cancer diagnosis to the beginning of cancer treatment. In recent years, pre-rehabilitation intervention, which is an up-to-date approach that recommends intervention in this process, comes to the fore. The problems women experience with their body images have an important place in the effects of breast cancer and its treatment on women's psychological health. Body image is defined as a conceptualized state of the emotions, thoughts and behaviors that a person feels about their physical characteristics. In recent years, interventions aimed at reducing body image problems in women with breast cancer have been increasing. Self-compassion is defined as an individual's approach to their flaws with a sincere, caring and warm attitude. The emphasis on the role of self-compassion in reducing the problems that women with breast cancer experience with body images is increasing day by day. Based on this information, in this study, the literature on the problems faced by women with breast cancer with their body image and the role of self-compassion in reducing these problems is reviewed and discussed within the scope of pre-rehabilitation intervention. Keywords: Self-compassion, breast cancer survivors, interventions for self-compassion, body image

18. Diplomacy and Foreign Policy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Global Politics ◽  
Power Politics ◽  
Foreign And Security Policy ◽  
Political Communities ◽  
The Cold War

This chapter discusses diplomacy and the conduct of foreign policy, both of which are fundamental to relations between political communities worldwide. It first considers diplomacy and its related concept, statecraft, in global history, focusing on some important concepts such as raison d'état (reason of state) and machtpolitik (power politics). It then examines diplomatic practice in contemporary global politics, with particular emphasis on track-two diplomacy and third-party mediation, along with developments in diplomacy during the Cold War. It also looks at public diplomacy, which may be understood as an instrument of ‘soft power’ in contrast with the methods of power politics. It concludes with an overview of the European Union's common foreign and security policy.

scholarly journals Level of Physical Activity on the Body Image of Young Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (03) ◽  
pp. 156-161
Author(s):  
Katielly Santana ◽  
Almir de França Ferraz ◽  
André Rodrigues Lourenço Dias ◽  
Rosilene Andrade Silva Rodrigues ◽  
Camila Pasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Body Image Dissatisfaction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Body Images ◽  
Education Professionals ◽  
Vigorous Intensity ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Activity Questionnaire

AbstractPhysical exercise has the ability to alter the measurements of the body related to esthetic. The objective of the present study was to compare the body image and body esthetic between two groups of women with different levels of physical activity. We evaluated 79 women who were divided into 2 groups: 39 women with low or moderate levels of physical activity, and 40 women with high levels of physical activity according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Anthropometric and body composition measurements were taken using the InBody S10 multifrequency device (InBody Co., Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea). The scale of silhouettes, which is composed of 9 engravings of body images, was used to verify the body image, as well as the Portuguese version of the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) validated for university students. The group of evaluators was composed of twenty physical education professionals of both sexes, ten male and ten female. The group with low/moderate levels of physical activity, as expected, showed a lower amount (minutes per week) of physical activity of mild, moderate and vigorous intensity when compared with the group with high levels of physical activity (p < 0.05), and they also had a higher ratio of fat mass (FM) per height squared (p = 0.047). The BSQ questionnaire scores, the current and ideal silhouettes, as well as body image dissatisfaction, were not different between the groups (p > 0.05). The overall body esthetic score, attributed only by the male and only by the female evaluators, did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). We concluded that the level of physical activity did not influence the body image and body esthetic of the women.

Embodying combat: How boxers make sense of their ‘conversations of gestures’

Ethnography ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérôme Beauchez
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Body Images ◽  
The Senses ◽  
Practical Sense

This essay offers an ethnography of the ‘conversations of gestures’ that occur between boxers during training fights or ‘sparring’. By showing how these situations are embodied, it elaborates a sociology of the senses and meaning as it relates to these ordeals. In addition to considering the boxers and their ‘culture in interaction’, the essay reexamines a number of the assumptions embraced by sociologists of ‘habitus’ and ‘practical sense’. While a boxer's knowledge lies first and foremost in his fists, the fight also triggers a vital consciousness of the situation – a body image – that, when articulated with habitualized motor schemas, makes reflection and strategy central to the action itself. To deny the possibility of such boxing reflexivity would mean describing the fighter as a ‘cultural dope’ whose capacity for reflection is supplanted by the acquisition of fighting reflexes: this is what is entailed by the concept of ‘boxing habitus’. Yet this emphasis on the body's automatic mechanisms reduces the sociology of practice to the socialization of body schemas, without being able to connect them to body images. The latter is what this essay seeks to reintroduce into analysis.

(Un)seeing dead refugee bodies: mourning memes, spectropolitics, and the haunting of Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 1048-1068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penelope Papailias
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
Public Debate ◽  
The Political ◽  
Dead Body ◽  
The Public ◽  
Syrian Refugee ◽  
Political Border ◽  
The Public Sphere

This essay addresses the user remediation and performative rematerialization of the 2015 photographs of 3-year-old Kurdish-Syrian refugee Alan Kurdi, as well as acts of concealing and deferring access to those images following intense public debate. This article shifts the frame of discussion from moral spectatorship to mediated witnessing and networked mourning in the context of contemporary affective publics. To speak of the memeification of Kurdi’s corpse-image is to underline the way repetition operates as a gesture of both inhabitation and differentiation by users who connect in this way to others and to the issue at hand. The Kurdi images, thus, were not so much observed by a global audience as produced by, and productive of, a massive, dispersed corporeal network. The conceptual figure of spectrality links the mediality and materiality of the dead body-image to contemporary necropolitics that dispossesses subjects, producing the ‘living death’ of the global precariat. If the public sphere is defined by prohibitions on grieving, conflicts regarding who views, mourns, and speaks for which dead bodies, although often ascribed to debased social media mores, tell us more about the political border of human and nonhuman that produces the revenant figure of the refugee haunting inhospitable and neoliberal, but nominally post-racial, Europe.

Body Image and Cosmetic Surgery: The Psychology of Physical Appearance

1996 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas F. Cash
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Social Learning ◽  
Cosmetic Surgery ◽  
Physical Appearance ◽  
Contemporary Theory ◽  
Body Images ◽  
Negative Body Image ◽  
Sole Purpose ◽  
Image Improvement ◽  
Cognitive Social Learning

The sole purpose of cosmetic surgery is the improvement of patients' body images (their attitudes about their physical appearance). This article offers an overview of contemporary theory and research on body image. The nature and prevalence of negative body image experiences are delineated. A cognitive social learning model elucidates dysfunctional body image development, including its predisposing, precipitating, and maintaining causes. The author describes his psychotherapeutic program for body image improvement and its potential adjunctive utility in the treatment of patients who receive cosmetic surgery.

Lift force reduction due to body image of vortex for a hovering flight model

2012 ◽  
Vol 709 ◽  
pp. 648-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. X. Wang ◽  
Z. N. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Lift Force ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vortex Rings ◽  
Body Images ◽  
Hovering Flight ◽  
Equivalent Radius ◽  
Force Reduction ◽  
Relative Body Size

AbstractThe effect of the body on the lift force in hovering flight is studied here by including the effect of image vortex rings (IVRs) in the inviscid vortex ring model proposed by Rayner (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 91, 1979, pp. 697–730) and used by Wang & Wu (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 654, 2010, pp. 453–472) to study lift force due to wakes. The body is treated simply as an equivalent sphere following the data of Ellington (Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B, vol. 305, 1984a, pp. 17–40). It is shown that the body image reduces the lift by inducing a further downwash near the wing tip and an additional contraction to the real vortex rings (RVRs). The amount of force reduction due to body image is found to grow cubically with relative body size, defined by the equivalent radius relative to the wing span, and approximately linearly with the feathering parameter. For Apis and Bombus with large relative body size and large feathering parameter, the body images reduce lift by an amount near 8 % according to the present simplified analysis.

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