The Union as a Basic Institution of Society

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-166
Keyword(s):  
Basic Institution

A Study on the Outline History of the Household Responsibility System in Rural China Since 1949: The Organizations, Institutions, and Their Changes

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 219-244
Author(s):  
Feng Kaiwen
Keyword(s):  
Rural China ◽  
Property Right ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Rural Reform ◽  
Public Property ◽  
History Of ◽  
Basic Institution ◽  
Responsibility System ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The Household Responsibility System has been accepted as the basic institution in rural China since the 1980's and some researchers have proved it more efficient compared with that of the People's Commune System. Unfortunately, few researchers paid attention to the institutional changes that happened before the People's Commune and fewer researchers tried to find the relationship between the Household Responsibility System and the problems that have emerged in recent years. To grasp the whole picture of rural economic institutional changes in China, this paper will focus on the history of the Household Responsibility System before the People's Commune and after the 1980's, and the study tries to prove that: (1) a public property right really needs an appropriate mechanism institution to enforce and fulfill its efficiency, (2) the China Rural Reform based on the Household Responsibility System is the deep-laid reason of the problems which have emerged recently,

scholarly journals The Changes of Forms of Public Contestation in PostDemocracy

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-143
Author(s):  
Roman V. Savenkov
Keyword(s):  
Political Action ◽  
The United States ◽  
State Funding ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Collective Actions ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Basic Institution ◽  
The Cost

The paper discusses the main trends in changing forms of political contestation of citizens in contemporary competitive and non-competitive political regimes. Social transformations led to the destruction of traditional social groups capable of joint political action. Along with social changes in the political sphere, the nature of the basic institution of political contestation - political parties - has changed, acting as political opposition. Contemporary political party reduces the scale of citizen involvement in political action, increasing the cost of political advertising, thereby becoming dependent on influential economic interest groups and state funding. The weakening of the political pressure of society through institutionalized channels led to the disappointment of the democratic system as a whole. Citizens in the contemporary world increasingly prefer noninstitutionalized and illegitimate forms of political action. However, observations of dispute practices in North Africa, the Middle East, Spain, the United States, France, and Russia in the 2010s demonstrate that the dominant position of institutional channels of influence on political and public decisions has been maintained. New opportunities of the Internet for organizing collective actions of citizens have not led to the formation of a new identity of dissatisfied people and the consolidation of effective online deliberation practices.

Infinite needs: finite resources

1986 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard D. Lamm
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Delivery Of Health Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Careful Evaluation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Constitutional Government ◽  
Basic Institution ◽  
Fine Print

✓ In this 199th year of constitutional government in the United States a careful evaluation of all our basic institutions is required if this country is to remain a great nation. The delivery of health care, a basic institution, must be included in the determination of how finite resources can be most effectively and efficiently used for what appears to be almost infinite needs.

scholarly journals Protection of private property expropriation

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
Karolina Muzyczka
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
Basic Law ◽  
European Court ◽  
Estate Property ◽  
Constitutional Tribunal ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Basic Institution ◽  
The Right

The basic law related to real estate/property is the right of ownership. It is the basic institution of property law in Poland and together with property ownership and the right of inheritance, is constitutionally protected. The provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 1997, which set the standards for protection of property rights, are heterogeneous. This results both from their location in the basic law and from the wording. There are provisions in the form of constitutional principles, provisions expressing subjective rights, as well as provisions providing procedural guarantees for the implementation of the former. This multitude of forms creates some interpretative difficulties, the resolution of which is often dealt with by the Constitutional Tribunal. The considerations in the paper are based on various research methods, especially on the dogmatic and legal method. The author discusses achievements of jurisprudence and doctrine with respect to property rights, regulations of the Constitution, expropriation in civil law, judicature of the Polish Constitutional Tribunal and other Polish courts as well as acts of international law e.g. the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights.

scholarly journals Curriculum of Children's Education in the Hadith of Muḥammad the Prophet

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fakhrurrazi Anshar ◽  
Tonang Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Children's Education ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Family ◽  
Complete Independence ◽  
Children’S Education ◽  
Basic Institution ◽  
The Right

The family is the first and basic institution among the various responsible social institutions for preparing the child to enter social life, to be a good and effective element in its maintenance on the basis of righteousness, goodness and effective construction. It is the starting point that affects all stages of life, positively and negatively. The first is the marital relationship through birth, nursery, pre-puberty and ending with complete independence after the self-reliance. Childhood took a large part in the Hadiths of the Messenger of God, and the scholars of Hadith who unanimously agreed on the honorable Sunnah of the Prophet took care of this aspect, and they did not neglect the provisions and manners related to the child in all of their books in the field of Hadith. We will follow in this study, the method of children's education, which was mentioned by the hadiths of the Noble Prophet. The Messenger of God, gave the birth of a child a dignified care, for he birth of a child is not an ordinary matter that passes without attention. It is the right of the newborn baby to be called and choose a good name for him, to remove the harm from him, to be tender, to be called upon, to bless him, to teach him and to watch him, and to treat him.

La simplificación administrativa en el Derecho comparado: el ejemplo de Portugal. Elementos exportables para una construcción sistemática del procedimiento administrativo desde la simplificación

2013 ◽  
pp. 349-378
Author(s):  
Manuela MORA RUIZ
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Administrative Procedure ◽  
Basic Institution ◽  
Administrative Simplification ◽  
Simplification Techniques

LABURPENA: Administrazio Zuzenbidea erreformatzeko eta/edo modernizatzeko abian diren prozesuek dauzkaten printzipioen artean, Administrazioa sinplifikatzean datzana funtsezkoa da. Nazioarteko erakundeak Administrazioa sinplifikatzeko tresnak bultzatzen ari dira, eta gure inguruko herrialdeak hainbat modutara ari dira printzipio hori aplikatzen, administrazio-prozeduran zuzenean txertatuta. Lan honetako azterketa Zuzenbide konparatuan oinarritzen da, Portugalen administrazio-sinplifikazioa zer-nola txertatu duten begiratuz. Ikuspegi horretatik, Portugaleko ordenamendu administratiboa erreferente gisa har daiteke, bai administrazioa sinplifikatzeko egiazko politika diseinatzeagatik, bai administrazio-prozeduraren bidez teknikak positibatzeagatik, agerian jarriz erakunde hori oso egokia dela Administrazio Zuzenbidearen funtsezko aldaketak islatzeko. RESUMEN: La simplificación administrativa constituye un principio clave en los procesos de reforma y/o modernización del Derecho Administrativo que se están planteando en la actualidad. Los instrumentos de simplificación administrativa se están impulsando desde organizaciones internacionales, y están siendo acogidos de manera diversa en los países de nuestro entorno, proyectándose directamente sobre el procedimiento administrativo. Este Trabajo pretende un estudio de Derecho Comparado en torno a la incorporación de la simplificación administrativa en Portugal. Desde esta perspectiva, el Ordenamiento administrativo portugués puede considerarse un referente tanto en el diseño de una auténtica política de simplificación administrativa, como en la positivación de sus técnicas a través del procedimiento administrativo, poniendo de manifiesto la idoneidad de esta Institución para reflejar cambios fundamentales del Derecho Administrativo. ABSTRACT: Administrative simplification is one of the keys of the process of modernization of Administrative Law nowadays. The simplification techniques and instruments are taking place in administrative procedure because of the International Organizations’ interest and the resultant implementation process is different from one country to another. Therefore, this Paper aims to present a comparative study of the Portuguese Administrative Law regarding the bases and instruments of administrative simplification, so that Portugal can be considered as a reference in order to design a public policy of simplification and to incorporate its techniques in administrative procedure. From this point of view, we should remark how administrative procedure is a basic institution to reflect the changes of Administrative Law with regard to the principle of administrative simplification.

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