scholarly journals Concept and Method in Cross-Cultural and Cultural Psychology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ype H. Poortinga
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Global Village ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Psychological Differences ◽  
Historical Developments

An overview is given of cross-cultural psychology and cultural psychology, focusing on theory and methodology. In Section 1 historical developments in research are traced; it is found that initially extensive psychological differences tend to shrink when more carefully designed studies are conducted. Section 2 addresses the conceptualization of “culture” and of “a culture”. For psychological research the notion “culture” is considered too vague; more focal explanatory concepts are required. Section 3 describes methodological issues, taking the notion of the empirical cycle as a lead for both qualitative and quantitative research. Pitfalls in research design and data analysis of behavior-comparative studies, and the need for replication are discussed. Section 4 suggests to move beyond research on causal relationships and to incorporate additional questions, addressing the function and the development of behavior patterns in ontogenetic, phylogenetic and historical time. Section 5 emphasizes the need for applied research serving the global village.

scholarly journals Standardization in psychological research.

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Fischer ◽  
Taciano L. Milfont
Keyword(s):  
Social Desirability ◽  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Response Styles ◽  
Theoretical Interpretation ◽  
Simple Step ◽  
Different Response ◽  
Standardization Methods

The term standardization has been used in a number of different ways in psychological research, mainly in relation to standardization of procedure, standardization of interpretation and standardization of scores. The current paper will discuss the standardization of scores in more detail. Standardization of scores is a common praxis in settings where researchers are concerned with different response styles, issues of faking or social desirability. In these contexts, scores are transformed to increase validity prior to data analysis. In this paper, we will outline a broad taxonomy of standardization methods, will discuss when and how scores can be standardized, and what statistical tests are available after the transformation. Simple step-by-step procedures and examples of syntax files for SPSS are provided. Applications for personality, organizational and cross-cultural psychology will be discussed. Limitations of these techniques are discussed, especially in terms of theoretical interpretation of the transformed scores and use of such scores with multivariate statistics.

Replication and Reproducibility in Cross-Cultural Psychology

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 735-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taciano L. Milfont ◽  
Richard A. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural Psychology ◽  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Current Psychological Research ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Academic Misconduct ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Cross Cultural Research ◽  
Research Populations ◽  
Current Psychological

Replication is the scientific gold standard that enables the confirmation of research findings. Concerns related to publication bias, flexibility in data analysis, and high-profile cases of academic misconduct have led to recent calls for more replication and systematic accumulation of scientific knowledge in psychological science. This renewed emphasis on replication may pose specific challenges to cross-cultural research due to inherent practical difficulties in emulating an original study in other cultural groups. The purpose of the present article is to discuss how the core concepts of this replication debate apply to cross-cultural psychology. Distinct to replications in cross-cultural research are examinations of bias and equivalence in manipulations and procedures, and that targeted research populations may differ in meaningful ways. We identify issues in current psychological research (analytic flexibility, low power) and possible solutions (preregistration, power analysis), and discuss ways to implement best practices in cross-cultural replication attempts.

scholarly journals Integrating Culture and Biology in Psychological Research: Conceptual Clarifications and Recommendations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moin Syed ◽  
Ummul-Kiram Kathawalla
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Biological Basis ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Field Approaches

The increased prevalence of psychological research that integrates cultural and biological perspectives requires that we take stock of how the field approaches important issues of conceptualization and measurement. The primary goal of this chapter is to raise some substantial conceptual and methodological issues of which researchers in the field should be aware. To this end, the chapter includes an in-depth discussion of the nature of cultural psychology, highlights the need to carefully conceptualize the nature of cultural groups, and addresses the ongoing debate about the biological basis of race. The second half of the chapter provides some specific recommendations for future researchers who wish to pursue a rigorous scientific approach to understanding the interplay of culture and biology.

scholarly journals Cross-cultural adaptation of the General Comfort Questionnaire to Brazilian patients with myocardial infarction

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 2998-3005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joselice Almeida Góis ◽  
Kátia Santana Freitas ◽  
Katherine Kolcaba ◽  
Fernanda Carneiro Mussi
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Cultural Adaptation ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Cross Cultural Adaptation ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Analysis Techniques

ABSTRACT Objective: Describe the first stages of the cross-cultural adaptation process of the General Comfort Questionnaire for myocardial infarction patients in intensive care units. Method: This is a study of qualitative and quantitative research and analysis techniques. Conceptual, item, semantic and operational equivalence was performed. Fifteen items were added to the original instrument to better represent the comfort experienced by myocardial infarction patients in intensive care units. The content validity index was applied to analyze the answers of the experts; it was considered adequate above 0.78. Results: Some changes suggested by the experts for better understanding were adopted. All items were kept, obtaining a scale of sixty-three items. In the pre-test conducted with 30 subjects, the instrument was considered adequate to the target audience. Conclusion: The adapted version of the General Comfort Questionnaire for people with myocardial infarction is adequate to the target audience.

Qualitative Research: Part One Paradigmatic Grounds and Issues of Reliability and Validity

1982 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Kielhofner
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Social World ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Special Relevance

This article, the first of two in a series, presents the argument that qualitative research constitutes a legitimate method of research that has special relevance to occupational therapy. The author proposes and discusses a definition of qualitative research. The qualitative research tradition is guided by a scientific paradigm that defines its view of the social world and sets the rationale for its methods. Qualitative and quantitative research are contrasted, and the methodological issues of the former are discussed.

scholarly journals Statistical analysis techniques based on Cross-Cultural research methods: cross-cultural paradigms and intra-country comparisons

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Kostas Mylonas
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Covariance Structure ◽  
Coefficient Matrix ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Covariance Structure Analysis ◽  
Equivalence Testing ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Cross Cultural Research

Accumulated cross-cultural research has shown that its methods can also apply within countries, especially as more and more different immigrants or sojourners flow into host countries and the need to deal at least with acculturation issues is pressing. Cross-cultural methodology approximates research on intra-country issues, since comparinggroups with different characteristics within countries may also reflect different “cultures” represented by each of the differential groups. A question of bias elimination is raised when such comparisons areattempted either under a Cross-Cultural or an intra-country scope. Taking the van de Vijver and Leung and the Poortinga and van de Vijver theories on bias in terms of culture as a starting point, a triple-fold paradigm employing factor analysis and other techniques is presented on: (a) the application of simple congruence coefficients in estimating factor similarity –that is, basic factor equivalence testing– along with a proposed method of taking advantage of the Tucker coefficient matrix for a set of two or more factor structures, (b) the within-country application of multilevel covariance structure analysis and Procrustean rotations for a set of between groups and pooled-within correlation matrices, and (c) the reduction of “bias in terms of culture” by eliminating variance components through multivariate methods. By incorporating some of these methods in standard -within country- psychological research, we should be able to gain on theoretical andpsychometric grounds and we may finally question the degree of construct similarity among groups within a country, which cannot be necessarily taken for granted. These considerations are closely related to the use of multilevel analyses, as these stem from Cross-Cultural Psychology through most forms of intracountry and/or inter-country comparisons.

scholarly journals Testing measurement invariance across groups: applications in cross-cultural research.

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taciano L. Milfont ◽  
Ronald Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Invariance Testing ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Cross Cultural Research

Researchers often compare groups of individuals on psychological variables. When comparing groups an assumption is made that the instrument measures the same psychological construct in all groups. If this assumption holds, the comparisons are valid and differences/similarities between groups can be meaningfully interpreted. If this assumption does not hold, comparisons and interpretations are not fully meaningful. The establishment of measurement invariance is a prerequisite for meaningful comparisons across groups. This paper first reviews the importance of equivalence in psychological research, and then the main theoretical and methodological issues regarding measurement invariance within the framework of confirmatory factor analysis. A step-by-step empirical example of measurement invariance testing is provided along with syntax examples for fitting such models in LISREL.

Culture, Psychology, and Social Justice: Toward a More Critical Psychology of Asians and Asian Americans

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumie Okazaki
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Asian Americans ◽  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Explanatory Variable ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Psychology Research ◽  
Situational Variables ◽  
American Psychology

Asian Americans and Asians, particularly from East Asian nations, have been central subjects of various cultural psychology and cross-cultural psychology research. Theoretical and empirical work with Asians and Asian Americans have made significant contributions toward moderating the cultural ethnocentrism of American psychology and legitimizing culture as an important consideration in psychology. However, persistent efforts to identify “cultural differences” that rely heavily on the theory of Individualism-Collectivism as an explanatory variable and equating ethnicity and nationality with “culture” have had an inadvertent effect of homogenizing Asians and Asian Americans to the exclusion of important within-group variations and contextual and situational variables. I propose a research agenda for cultural psychological research that would promote goals of social justice for diverse populations.

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