scholarly journals FOOD INSECURITY AND PROGRAMS TO ALLEVIATE IT: WHAT WE KNOW AND WHAT WE HAVE YET TO LEARN

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
PATRICIA A. DUFFY ◽  
CLAIRE A. ZIZZA
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Household Decision ◽  
Household Decision Making ◽  
Decision Making Model

AbstractFourteen percent of households in the United States faced some level of food insecurity in 2014. This study provides a review of the state of knowledge on food insecurity in the United States and the programs designed to combat the problem. A household decision-making model is used to frame the discussion. The study also provides suggestions for future research.

The American War in Afghanistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carter Malkasian
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
The United States ◽  
State Building ◽  
The State ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
Narrative Format

The American War in Afghanistan is a full history of the war in Afghanistan between 2001 and 2020. It covers political, cultural, strategic, and tactical aspects of the war and details the actions and decision-making of the United States, Afghan government, and Taliban. The work follows a narrative format to go through the 2001 US invasion, the state-building of 2002–2005, the Taliban offensive of 2006, the US surge of 2009–2011, the subsequent drawdown, and the peace talks of 2019–2020. The focus is on the overarching questions of the war: Why did the United States fail? What opportunities existed to reach a better outcome? Why did the United States not withdraw from the war?

Comparative Public Law Research in Israel: A Gaze Westwards

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (S1) ◽  
pp. S11-S27
Author(s):  
Margit COHN
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Legal Education ◽  
Asian Country ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Legal Scholarship ◽  
State Of Israel

AbstractThis article offers a typology of comparative law research and assesses the state of this body of research in one Asian country – the State of Israel. To identify the work that should be considered ‘comparative’, I classify studies into three groups. Following a short overview of Israel's political and legal system, I assess the ways comparative public law is addressed in the country. Relying on a first-of-its-kind quantitative study of Israeli legal scholarship in English in the field of public law that compares at least two systems, the article shows that the compared systems in Israeli comparative legal research are predominantly western, and that materials from the United States by far outweigh all other sources. The article then considers several possible reasons for the limited gaze eastwards and beyond the United States, granting special attention to the cultural ‘Americanization’ of Israel. Directions for future research are considered in the conclusion, including the expansion of the findings from public law to other fields of law; the comparison of these findings with those of similar systems in Asia and beyond; and the possible ways legal education may promote the development of eastern-bound comparative exercises.

Cold-Blooded and Badass

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel T Cesar ◽  
Scott H. Decker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Street Crime ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
The World ◽  
Media Reports

Carjacking is a bold crime characterized by unpredictability and danger. Media reports have identified carjackings throughout the world, and estimates suggest 34,000 occur annually in the United States alone. Research with active offenders has examined carjacking in the context of US street crime, but official reporting inconsistencies and a focus on instrumental motivations hinder a more comprehensive understanding of this crime. The lack of a theoretical framework to analyze the decision-making behaviors of carjackers further complicates the development of effective means to deal with carjacking. With this in mind, this chapter synthesizes the current literature about carjacking and then integrates that synthesis with van Gelder’s “hot/cool” approach to offender decision making. It concludes with a discussion of the implications of this framework for carjacking policy and prevention, and it suggests directions for future research.

Educator Perspectives on Data-Based Decision Making in Germany and the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 002221942098612
Author(s):  
Stefan Blumenthal ◽  
Yvonne Blumenthal ◽  
Erica S. Lembke ◽  
Sarah R. Powell ◽  
Patricia Schultze-Petzold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Professional Learning ◽  
The United States ◽  
Learning Opportunities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Explorative Study ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Data Based Decision Making

The purpose of this explorative study was to examine the use and understanding of key components of data-based decision making by educators in two countries—Germany and the United States. Educators responded to a survey that asked about data use and characteristics related to data-based decision making (DBDM). Results suggest educators in both countries are focused on using data to monitor progress, although less so in Germany. Educators in both countries noted similar understanding of important features (e.g., psychometric properties) of data. Educators in the United States reported they used data for decision making at the classroom level almost twice as often as their counterparts in Germany, while German educators focused on decision making at the student level. These findings will influence future research, including joint studies that could use the best practices of both countries, and professional learning opportunities for educators in Germany and the United States.

Professional Autonomy Reconsidered: The Case of Czech Medicine under State Socialism

1997 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 346-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lily M. Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Extreme Case ◽  
The United States ◽  
Professional Autonomy ◽  
The State ◽  
Clinical Autonomy ◽  
Corporate Autonomy

The opening of the formerly closed, state socialist societies of East Central Europe has provided the opportunity to bring new empirical evidence to bear upon models of profession-state relations developed in pluralist western societies. The classic view of Tocqueville and Durkheim has been that professions are an intermediary group linking individuals and the state. Although not always explicitly stated, this model served as the basis for scholarly work on the professions in the post-World War II period, where it (more or less) fit the image of a differentiated pluralist society. Most work on the professions was based on the Anglo-American case.But even in the United States, state support was more central to maintaining professional authority than was originally thought. Without explicitly discarding the model, Freidson (1970) introduced a distinction between corporate and technical (clinical) autonomy that provided a way out of the paradox he identified, that both aspects of professional autonomy are protected by the state. Corporate autonomy refers to the political power of the organized profession to define the social and economic context of professional work, and clinical autonomy, to the control of decision making in the workplace. Testing his hypothesis on the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union, Freidson argued that despite differing degrees of corporate autonomy, the medical profession retained clinical control of decision making, the core of professional autonomy, even in the extreme case of the former Soviet Union.

Assessing Employee Support during Union Organizing Campaigns

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-313
Author(s):  
Sean E. Rogers ◽  
Adrienne E. Eaton ◽  
Paula B. Voos ◽  
Tracy F. H. Chang ◽  
Marcus A. Valenzuela
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Labor Unions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Representation Election ◽  
Flight Attendant ◽  
Employee Support ◽  
Depth Interviews

Many labor unions assess support among prospective members to guide decision making during organizing campaigns, and to predict voting in representation elections. However, research on the actual practice of how unions make assessments is limited. We fill this void through a study that combined quantitative and qualitative analysis of the assessment activities. The quantitative portion involved a survey of eligible voters in the 2010 flight attendant representation election at Delta Air Lines. The qualitative portion involved in-depth interviews with staff involved in that campaign and organizing directors or key organizing staff in nine of the largest labor unions in the United States. We focus on the factors that influence the accuracy of assessment predictions, describe practices currently being used to predict votes in these campaigns, and discuss future research needs.

scholarly journals Facts about FEMA Household Disaster Aid: Examining the 2008 Floods and Tornadoes in Missouri

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 332-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Kousky
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Emergency Management ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
The United States ◽  
Federal Emergency Management Agency ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Disaster Aid

Abstract Very little empirical work has been done on disaster aid in the United States. This paper examines postdisaster grants to households from the Federal Emergency Management Agency in the state of Missouri in 2008, when the state experienced flooding, storms, and tornadoes. The paper answers the following questions: What was the aid for? How much was given? How many people applied for aid? How many households received aid and how many were denied? Why were some applicants denied aid? Is there any relationship between aid received and socioeconomic or demographic characteristics of communities? The paper finds that the majority of aid grants are for very small amounts of money, on the order of a few thousand dollars. Over half of aid applications are denied, often because of ineligible or insufficient damage. The paper provides some important basic information on the nature of disaster grants to households and also generates several hypotheses for future research.

MAXIMIZING DISPERSANT PREPAREDNESS: LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE 2007 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS FULL SCALE EXERCISE

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 (1) ◽  
pp. 805-809
Author(s):  
Kim Beasley ◽  
C. Curtis Martin ◽  
Roger Laferriere
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Command And Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT Large scale dispersant exercises have been conducted nationally and internationally ever since their first large scale use during the Torrey Canyon Spill of 1967. Few of these exercises are conducted on the grandest scale intended to exercise all aspects of the operation; from command and control, pre-application testing, application, monitoring and data transmission. Clean Islands Council in cooperation with the State of Hawaii'S Department of Health and the U.S. Coast Guard conducted a two day exercise on February 21–22, 2007 to test the full range of the State'S Dispersant capability. It was the largest exercise ever conducted in Hawaii, and arguably the largest in United States history. The exercise was the culmination of 14 years of program development by the Clean Islands Council, the State of Hawaii and the United States Coast Guard. The exercise instilled a tremendous appreciation in all players involved of the complexity of dispersant operations, and the importance of ensuring efficient command and control processes, support and communications. All elements of Dispersant application were tested: decision making processes, laboratory pre-testing, on-scene test application, on-scene application, on-scene monitoring and real time data transmission to effect quick decision making from jurisdictional agencies. Additionally, the latest state of the art equipment was used during all phases. This paper discusses the results of the exercise and shares critical lessons learned that will greatly advance the preparedness knowledge of all dispersant users internationally. The authors of this paper have over 50 years of collective spill response experience and were personally involved in the exercise design and execution.

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