The Importance of Minimally Invasive Remote Sensing Methods in Huron-Wendat Archaeology

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Gary Warrick ◽  
Bonnie Glencross ◽  
Louis Lesage
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Archaeological Excavation ◽  
Metal Detector ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Land Disturbance ◽  
Remote Sensing Methods

Abstract The Huron-Wendat have had their ancestors’ villages and burial sites investigated archaeologically for over 170 years. Past and ongoing land disturbance and invasive archaeological excavation have erased dozens of Huron-Wendat village sites in Ontario, hindering Huron-Wendat duty to care for their ancestors. Consequently, over the last 20 years, in addition to large-scale repatriation of ancestral remains, the Huron-Wendat have requested that archaeologists make every effort to avoid any further excavation of ancestral sites. This poses a new challenge for archaeologists about how to learn about the Huron-Wendat past with minimal disturbance to ancestral sites. Honoring the cultural responsibilities of the Huron-Wendat, the authors have employed minimally invasive remote sensing methods of investigation on Ahatsistari, a forested early seventeenth-century Huron-Wendat village site in Simcoe County, Ontario. Remote sensing methods (e.g., magnetic susceptibility survey, high-resolution soil chemistry sampling, and metal detector survey) have revealed village limits and the possible location and orientation of longhouses, providing essential information in support of the Huron-Wendat imperative to find, assess, and preserve as many of their archaeological sites as possible. This is to protect the ancestors, learn from the ancestors, and preserve ancestral sites and related landscapes for future generations.

scholarly journals Vehicle Emission Detection in Data-Driven Methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Zheng He ◽  
Gang Ye ◽  
Hui Jiang ◽  
Youming Fu
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Vehicle Emission ◽  
Fuel Type ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Emission Detection ◽  
Remote Sensing Methods

Environmental protection is a fundamental policy in many countries, where the vehicle emission pollution turns to be outstanding as a main component of pollutions in environmental monitoring. Remote sensing technology has been widely used on vehicle emission detection recently and this is mainly due to the fast speed, reality, and large scale of the detection data retrieved from remote sensing methods. In the remote sensing process, the information about the fuel type and registration time of new cars and nonlocal registered vehicles usually cannot be accessed, leading to the failure in assessing vehicle pollution situations directly by analyzing emission pollutants. To handle this problem, this paper adopts data mining methods to analyze the remote sensing data to predict fuel type and registration time. This paper takes full use of decision tree, random forest, AdaBoost, XgBoost, and their fusion models to successfully make precise prediction for these two essential information and further employ them to an essential application: vehicle emission evaluation.

scholarly journals Documentation of archaeological sites in northern iraq using remote sensing methods

2015 ◽  
Vol XL-5/W7 ◽  
pp. 331-336
Author(s):  
E. Matoušková ◽  
K. Pavelka ◽  
K. Nováček ◽  
L. Starková
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Urban Network ◽  
Northern Iraq ◽  
West Bohemia ◽  
Historical Sites ◽  
The University ◽  
Remote Sensing Methods

The MULINEM (The Medieval Urban Landscape in Northeastern Mesopotamia) project is aiming to investigate a Late Sasanian and Islamic urban network in the land of Erbil, historic province of Hidyab (Adiabene) that is located in the northern Iraq. The research of the hierarchical urban network in a defined area belongs to approaches rarely used in the study of the Islamic urbanism. The project focuses on the cluster of urban sites of the 6th–17th centuries A.D. This paper focuses on remote sensing analysis of historical sites with special interest of FORMOSAT-2 data that have been gained through a research announcement: Free FORMOSAT-2 satellite Imagery. Documentation of two archaeological sites (Makhmúr al-Qadima and Kushaf) are introduced. FORMOSAT-2 data results have been compared to historic CORONA satellite data of mentioned historical sites purchased earlier by the University of West Bohemia. Remote sensing methods were completed using in-situ measurements.

scholarly journals Sensing Archaeology in the North: The Use of Non-Destructive Geophysical and Remote Sensing Methods in Archaeology in Scandinavian and North Atlantic Territories

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 3102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Cuenca-García ◽  
Ole Risbøl ◽  
C. Richard Bates ◽  
Arne Anderson Stamnes ◽  
Fredrik Skoglund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Method Development ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
The North ◽  
Current State ◽  
Remote Sensing Methods ◽  
First Time ◽  
Non Destructive

In August 2018, a group of experts working with terrestrial/marine geophysics and remote sensing methods to explore archaeological sites in Denmark, Finland, Norway, Scotland and Sweden gathered together for the first time at the Workshop ‘Sensing Archaeology in The North’. The goal was to exchange experiences, discuss challenges, and consider future directions for further developing these methods and strategies for their use in archaeology. After the event, this special journal issue was arranged to publish papers that are based on the workshop presentations, but also to incorporate work that is produced by other researchers in the field. This paper closes the special issue and further aims to provide current state-of-the-art for the methods represented by the workshop. Here, we introduce the aspects that inspired the organisation of the meeting, a summary of the 12 presentations and eight paper contributions, as well as a discussion about the main outcomes of the workshop roundtables, including the production of two searchable databases (online resources and equipment). We conclude with the position that the ‘North’, together with its unique cultural heritage and thriving research community, is at the forefront of good practice in the application and development of sensing methods in archaeological research and management. However, further method development is required, so we claim the support of funding bodies to back research efforts based on testing/experimental studies to: explore unknown survey environments and identify optimal survey conditions, as well as to monitor the preservation of archaeological remains, especially those that are at risk. It is demonstrated that remote sensing and geophysics not only have an important role in the safeguarding of archaeological sites from development and within prehistorical-historical research, but the methods can be especially useful in recording and monitoring the increased impact of climate change on sites in the North.

Developing an Autonomous Hovercraft for Benthic Surveying in Very Shallow Waters

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan Troup ◽  
David Barclay ◽  
Matthew Hatcher
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Water Clarity ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Sediment Type ◽  
Side Scan Sonar ◽  
Single Beam ◽  
Remote Sensing Methods

<p>Benthic surveys in very shallow water (< 1 meter) are often carried out by remote sensing methods such as LiDAR, satellite imagery, and aerial photography, or by written observations paired with GPS point measurements and underwater video. Remote sensing can be helpful for large scale mapping endeavors, but the optical methods commonly used are limited in their effectiveness by cloud cover and water clarity. In situ surveys are often carried out manually and can therefore be quite inefficient. A proposed alternative method of small scale, high resolution mapping is an autonomous, amphibious hovercraft, fitted with high frequency single-beam and side-scan sonar instruments. A hovercraft can move seamlessly from land to water which allows for convenient and simple deployment. The sonar instruments are attached to a boat-shaped outrigger hull that can be raised and lowered automatically, enabling data collection in water as shallow as 10 cm. These data are used to extract seafloor characteristics in order to create detailed maps of the research area that include information such as sediment type, presence and extent of flora and fauna, and small-scale bathymetry.</p>

Application of Remote Sensing in Agriculture

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Piekarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Remote Sensing Methods

AbstractWith increasing intensity of agricultural crop production increases the need to obtain information about environmental conditions in which this production takes place. Remote sensing methods, including satellite images, airborne photographs and ground-based spectral measurements can greatly simplify the monitoring of crop development and decision-making to optimize inputs on agricultural production and reduce its harmful effects on the environment. One of the earliest uses of remote sensing in agriculture is crop identification and their acreage estimation. Satellite data acquired for this purpose are necessary to ensure food security and the proper functioning of agricultural markets at national and global scales. Due to strong relationship between plant bio-physical parameters and the amount of electromagnetic radiation reflected (in certain ranges of the spectrum) from plants and then registered by sensors it is possible to predict crop yields. Other applications of remote sensing are intensively developed in the framework of so-called precision agriculture, in small spatial scales including individual fields. Data from ground-based measurements as well as from airborne or satellite images are used to develop yield and soil maps which can be used to determine the doses of irrigation and fertilization and to take decisions on the use of pesticides.

Application of remote sensing methods for assessment of anthropogenic transformation of rangelands

2000 ◽  
pp. 16-25
Author(s):  
E. I. Rachkovskaya ◽  
S. S. Temirbekov ◽  
R. E. Sadvokasov
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Aerial Images ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Automated Classification ◽  
Anthropogenic Transformation ◽  
Initial Processing ◽  
Remote Sensing Methods

Capabilities of the remote sensing methods for making maps of actual and potential vegetation, and assessment of the extent of anthropogenic transformation of rangelands are presented in the paper. Study area is a large intermountain depression, which is under intensive agricultural use. Color photographs have been made by Aircraft camera Wild Heerburg RC-30 and multispectral scanner Daedalus (AMS) digital aerial data (6 bands, 3.5m resolution) have been used for analysis of distribution and assessment of the state of vegetation. Digital data were processed using specialized program ENVI 3.0. Main stages of the development of cartographic models have been described: initial processing of the aerial images and their visualization, preliminary pre-field interpretation (classification) of the images on the basis of unsupervised automated classification, field studies (geobotanical records and GPS measurements at the sites chosen at previous stage). Post-field stage had the following sub-stages: final geometric correction of the digital images, elaboration of the classification system for the main mapping subdivisions, final supervised automated classification on the basis of expert assessment. By systematizing clusters of the obtained classified image the cartographic models of the study area have been made. Application of the new technology of remote sensing allowed making qualitative and quantitative assessment of modern state of rangelands.

Mapping global water projects: improving access to donor investment information on the web

Water Policy ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-212
Author(s):  
J. Lisa Jorgensona
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Web Sites ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Water Projects ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Water Project ◽  
The Web

This paper discusses a series of discusses how web sites now report international water project information, and maps the combined donor investment in more than 6000 water projects, active since 1995. The maps show donor investment:  • has addressed water scarcity,  • has improved access to improvised water resources,  • correlates with growth in GDP,  • appears to show a correlation with growth in net private capital flow,  • does NOT appear to correlate with growth in GNI. Evaluation indicates problems in the combined water project portfolios for major donor organizations: •difficulties in grouping projects over differing Sector classifications, food security, or agriculture/irrigation is the most difficult.  • inability to map donor projects at the country or river basin level because 60% of the donor projects include no location data (town, province, watershed) in the title or abstracts available on the web sites.  • no means to identify donor projects with utilization of water resources from training or technical assistance.  • no information of the source of water (river, aquifer, rainwater catchment).  • an identifiable quantity of water (withdrawal amounts, or increased water efficiency) is not provided.  • differentiation between large scale verses small scale projects. Recommendation: Major donors need to look at how the web harvests and combines their information, and look at ways to agree on a standard template for project titles to include more essential information. The Japanese (JICA) and the Asian Development Bank provide good models.

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