scholarly journals How Effective Are Federally Mandated Information Disclosures?

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-349
Author(s):  
Arthur G. Fraas ◽  
Randall Lutter
Keyword(s):  
Asymmetric Information ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Information Disclosure ◽  
Federal Agencies ◽  
Regulatory Review ◽  
Executive Orders ◽  
Government Mandates ◽  
Standard Response ◽  
Review Reports ◽  
Quantitative Assessments

Government mandates to disclose information are a standard response to problems of asymmetric information. We examine recent major U.S. regulations issued between 2008 and 2013 to identify disclosure mandates and look for quantitative assessments of their effectiveness in improving comprehension. We also reviewed the retrospective regulatory review reports of four federal agencies – prepared pursuant to Executive Orders 13563 and 13579 – for analyses of existing mandates. We find that although mandated disclosures underpin a number of major federal regulatory initiatives, agencies infrequently issue such mandates based on scientifically valid, controlled studies of the improvements in comprehension from such disclosure. We also conduct four case studies drawn from the relatively few instances where federal agencies have evaluated improvements in comprehension, to identify current best practices. Finally, we recommend reforms to improve federally mandated information disclosure.

By Executive Order

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Rudalevige
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Chief Executive ◽  
The United States ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
Federal Agencies ◽  
Presidential Power ◽  
Executive Order ◽  
Personal Power ◽  
Executive Orders

The president of the United States is commonly thought to wield extraordinary personal power through the issuance of executive orders. In fact, the vast majority of such orders are proposed by federal agencies and shaped by negotiations that span the executive branch. This book provides the first comprehensive look at how presidential directives are written — and by whom. The book examines more than five hundred executive orders from the 1930s to today — as well as more than two hundred others negotiated but never issued — shedding vital new light on the multilateral process of drafting supposedly unilateral directives. The book draws on a wealth of archival evidence from the Office of Management and Budget and presidential libraries as well as original interviews to show how the crafting of orders requires widespread consultation and compromise with a formidable bureaucracy. It explains the key role of management in the presidential skill set, detailing how bureaucratic resistance can stall and even prevent actions the chief executive desires, and how presidents must bargain with the bureaucracy even when they seek to act unilaterally. Challenging popular conceptions about the scope of presidential power, the book reveals how the executive branch holds the power to both enact and constrain the president's will.

Institutional Roles and Goals for Retrospective Regulatory Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 466-493
Author(s):  
Lori S. Bennear ◽  
Jonathan B. Wiener
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Review ◽  
Institutional Framework ◽  
Regulatory Review ◽  
Executive Orders ◽  
Learning Goal ◽  
Repeated Calls ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
Slow Progress ◽  
Regulatory Analysis ◽  
The U.S

AbstractDespite repeated calls for retrospective regulatory review by every President since the 1970s, progress on implementing such reviews has been slow. We argue that part of the explanation for the slow progress to date stems from misalignment between the goals of regulatory review and the institutional framework used for the review. We define three distinct goals of regulatory review – the rule relevance goal, the rule improvement goal, and the regulatory learning goal. We then examine the text of the Presidential Executive Orders and major Congressional legislation addressing retrospective review, and document which goals were targeted and which institutions were used to conduct the reviews. We find that the U.S. federal government has almost always sought review of one rule at a time, conducted by the agency that issued or promulgated the rule and that these reviews tend to focus on rule relevance and costs. This institutional framework for retrospective review – one rule, assessed by the promulgating agency, focused on relevance and cost – is only well-suited to a narrow interpretation of the rule improvement goal. We then review alternative institutional structures that could better meet the rule improvement goal and the broader regulatory learning goal across multiple rules and agencies, and we offer recommendations for developing new guidance and institutions to promote multiagency regulatory learning.

Best Practices in Data Warehousing from the Federal Perspective

2011 ◽  
pp. 94-99
Author(s):  
Les Pang
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Data Warehousing ◽  
Federal Agencies ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Organizational Success ◽  
Important Concept ◽  
Successful Approach ◽  
Enterprise Level ◽  
Military Institutions

Data warehousing has been a successful approach for supporting the important concept of knowledge management — one of the keys to organizational success at the enterprise level. Based on successful implementations of warehousing projects, a number of lessons learned and best practices were derived from these project experiences. The scope was limited to projects funded and implemented by federal agencies, military institutions and organizations directly supporting them.

US communications privacy concerns will outlast Obama

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Federal Agencies ◽  
Intelligence Community ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
Executive Orders ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
Privacy Issues ◽  
Signals Intelligence

Subject US interagency procedures for sharing signals intelligence. Significance The administration of President Barack Obama is in the final stages of issuing new rules governing the sharing of signals intelligence (SIGINT) among federal agencies involved in national security. These rules, which the intelligence community has long expected, would clarify how the federal government may share communications-based intelligence, such as wiretaps and intercepts, among diverse agencies, and -- critically -- set boundaries on the use of such intelligence by agencies that did not originally collect it. Impacts The next administration -- whether Republican or Democratic -- will probably be less responsive to privacy groups in this area. The Obama administration's focus on executive orders governing emerging technologies has set precedent but offers few lasting restrictions. Privacy issues will hinder US international trade negotiations, further derailing TTIP talks for the foreseeable future.

Information Disclosure Model Under Supply Chain Competition with Asymmetric Demand Disruption

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (06) ◽  
pp. 1650043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kebing Chen ◽  
Renxing Xu ◽  
Hanwei Fang
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Asymmetric Information ◽  
Information Disclosure ◽  
Information Structure ◽  
Wholesale Price ◽  
Retail Price ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Full Information ◽  
Supply Chain Competition ◽  
Information Rent

This paper develops the game models of two symmetric supply chains, each consisting of one manufacturer and one retailer, while both retailers compete in the market with a linear function. The disclosure mechanism is designed when the information of the disrupted demand is asymmetric between supply side and retail side. We first study the model with the full information as a benchmark to explore the effect of asymmetric information on the system. In the case, each manufacturer maximizes her profit while the downstream retailer only obtains the reservation profit. For the case of asymmetric information, each manufacturer can obtain the real information of the disrupted demand by using a menu of contract bundles. For each information structure, there are always robust regions for each manufacturer’s original trading quantity scheme. That is, when the disrupted amount of the demand is sufficiently small, the trading quantity will be unchanged. However, some special measures, e.g., the higher unit wholesale price, should be taken to prevent the retailer from deviating the trading quantity scheme. The high-disruption retailer gets the higher profit due to the information rent. Compared with a single supply chain, Cournot competition results in the less retail price and the lower performance for the whole system.

scholarly journals Legislation and Policy

2021 ◽  
pp. 321-328
Author(s):  
Faith T. Campbell ◽  
Hilda Diaz-Soltero ◽  
Deborah C. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Land Management ◽  
The United States ◽  
Federal Agencies ◽  
Federal Legislation ◽  
Private Forests ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Executive Orders

AbstractIn the United States, biological invaders are managed by all Federal agencies that have responsibility for natural resources, as well as the States, territories, and occasionally regional entities. Federal agencies’ invasive species programs are implemented under the mandates and guidance provided by dozens of laws, which include statutes enacted by the Congress, Executive Orders issued by the President, and regulations adopted by the relevant agencies. Although there are numerous laws implemented by the States or occasionally regional entities, this chapter will focus on Federal legislation and regulations that guide work on all public and private forests, rangelands, and grasslands in the United States. There are three categories of laws: (1) laws to prevent introduction or initial spread; (2) laws for management or control of invasive species; and (3) more generally defined land management laws which serve as an umbrella for invasive species activities.

scholarly journals APEC: Assessing progress towards the Bogor goals

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-297
Author(s):  
Olga Ismagilova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Technical Cooperation ◽  
Trade And Investment ◽  
Quantitative Assessments ◽  
Sectoral Performance

Over 30 years, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation has evolved from an informal consultative dialogue into a leading inter-economy forum for promoting open trade and investment, business facilitation, as well as economic and technical cooperation. The number of APEC economies has increased, the agenda has expanded significantly to include, for example, environmental issues, digitalization, and social aspects of regulation. At the same time, in the institutional sphere, the forum has preserved the principle of consensus in decision-making, as well as the voluntary nature of commitments made by participants and the lack of mechanisms to enforce them. There is not much research on the overall results of APEC’s activities, especially on quantitative assessments of sectoral performance. The article provides an overview of international studies analyzing the forum’s achievement in different areas, including the “Bogor Goals” of trade and investment liberalization in the region. In addition, the authors conducted their own quantitative evaluation of APEC’s sectoral performance based on I. Yamazawa’s methodology and developed proposals for improving the methodology. The assessments have shown that APEC has been very successful in promoting the Bogor Goals, though the economies still have not achieved full liberalization of trade and investment in the region by 2020 deadline. Nevertheless, APEC continues its work to promote trade globalization, share regulatory experiences and best practices, harmonize standards, and improve connectivity in the region.

scholarly journals Corporate governance as motor of change of entrepreneurial culture

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 192-201
Author(s):  
Lázaro Rodríguez-Ariza ◽  
María Victoria López-Pérez ◽  
Arminda García Santana
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Information Disclosure ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Financial Indicators ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Good Corporate Governance ◽  
Governance Practices ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

Information disclosure on best practices should have positive effects on entrepreneurial performance. This paper attempts to study the deep cultural change occurring in firms. To achieve this, we analyze the effect of adopting good corporate governance practices on management. Thus, the objective of this research is to test whether significant differences in entrepreneurial efficiency exist between two groups of firms. One of these groups quotes on Dow Jones Global Index (DJGI) and has adopted good corporate governance practices. The other group is formed of firms which do not quoted on stock exchange and do not apply best practices. We selected a sample of 100 firms for the period 1998-2004 and analyzed some economical financial indicators usually used to measure entrepreneurial efficiency. We confirm the effect that the adoption of these practices has on economic-financial indicators. The empirical analysis supports the conclusion that differences in efficiency exist between firms that belong to the DJGI and disclose information concerning best practices and firms that do not quote on stock exchange and do not disclose this kind of information. We then study the sign of these differences and draw conclusions

scholarly journals International Real Estate Review

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-324
Author(s):  
Man Cho ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Information Disclosure ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Mortgage Markets ◽  
Mortgage Credit ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Mortgage Backed Securities ◽  
Mortgage Risk ◽  
Management Capabilities ◽  
Conceptual Underpinning

The purpose of this study is two-fold: first, to explain the demise of subprime and Alt-A mortgage markets in the U.S. from the viewpoint of measuring and managing mortgage credit risk; and secondly, to discuss several policy lessons that can be learned from the market meltdown. To that end, three tiers of mortgage credit models are elaborated, including the scoring (or risk rank-ordering), risk-based pricing, and ¡§sizing¡¨ (or the analytics used in determining subordination levels of credit- sensitive mortgage backed security (MBS) deals) models. Using these as conceptual underpinning, empirical evidence is surveyed to document key contributing factors to the market demise. Those that are identified include the non-availability of reliable mortgage performance data, lack of theory as well as industry best-practices in performing simulation-based mortgage risk assessments, complex and arcane structures of mortgage backed securities, and information asymmetry among the parties involved in the security transactions. The overall conclusion derived is that the participants to these market segments surpass their risk management capabilities in globalizing funding for subprime and Alt-A mortgages. The policy lessons emphasized are the importance of the infrastructure of proper risk assessment and risk-based pricing, as well as prudent and transparent MBS products along with periodic information disclosure.

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