The role of contact in English syntactic change in the Old and Middle English periods

2013 ◽  
pp. 18-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Fischer
Languages ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Cristina Guardiano ◽  
Melita Stavrou

In this paper, we investigate patterns of persistence and change affecting the syntax of nominal structures in Italiot Greek in comparison to Modern (and Ancient) Greek, and we explore the role of Southern Italo-Romance as a potential source of interference. Our aim is to highlight the dynamics that favor syntactic contact in this domain: we provide an overview of the social context where these dynamics have taken place and of the linguistic structures involved.


2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Zehentner

Abstract This paper discusses the role of cognitive factors in language change; specifically, it investigates the potential impact of argument ambiguity avoidance on the emergence of one of the most well-studied syntactic alternations in English, viz. the dative alternation (We gave them cake vs We gave cake to them). Linking this development to other major changes in the history of English like the loss of case marking, I propose that morphological as well as semantic-pragmatic ambiguity between prototypical agents (subjects) and prototypical recipients (indirect objects) in ditransitive clauses plausibly gave a processing advantage to patterns with higher cue reliability such as prepositional marking, but also fixed clause-level (SVO) order. The main hypotheses are tested through a quantitative analysis of ditransitives in a corpus of Middle English, which (i) confirms that the spread of the PP-construction is impacted by argument ambiguity and (ii) demonstrates that this change reflects a complex restructuring of disambiguation strategies.


2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-272
Author(s):  
Letizia Vezzosi

Abstract Aldred’s interlinear glosses added to the Latin text of the Lindisfarne Gospels have undoubtedly an inestimable value as one of the most substantial representatives of late Old Northumbrian. Therefore, they have been an object of study both as a source of information on this Old English variety and on the typological changes affecting Middle English. Starting from the assumption that glosses have an ancillary function with respect to the Latin text they accompany, I have argued in the present paper that they can make a significant contribution to delineating the history and meaning of a word inasmuch as glossators could have chosen vernacular words according to their core meaning. The particular case of the verbs of possession āgan and the forms derived from it, including the past participle āgen, will be used in the following discussion of the role of glosses: the investigation of their meaning in the Lindisfarne Gospels will help us understand the development of āgen into the PDE attributive intensifier own.


2017 ◽  
pp. 51-76
Author(s):  
Olga Fischer ◽  
Hendrik De Smet ◽  
Wim van der Wurff
Keyword(s):  

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-391
Author(s):  
Nikki van de Pol

Abstract This paper traces the semantic development of the English absolute construction from Old to Present-day English on the basis of extensive corpus data. It is observed that the absolute construction developed from a solely adverbial, strictly subordinate construction into a construction with a much larger range of functions, including quasi-coordinate constructions whose ‘addition’ function comes close to that of and-coordinated finite clauses. This development involves an expansion of clausal status (from subordinate to anywhere between subordinate and quasi-coordinate) and a semantic expansion from typically adverbial meanings to any type of additional information. The process is claimed to have been facilitated by Middle English case loss and arguments for this facilitating role of case loss are adduced. It is then shown how these quasi-coordinate absolute constructions became more and more important as an absolute construction-function over time, as they were well-suited to the absolute construction’s high degree of syntactic independence. This evolution appears to have taken an opposite direction from the development of free adjuncts (Killie & Swann 2009: 339). This observation fits in well with the proposal that English ing-clauses form a network (Fonteyn & van de Pol 2015) in which each member maintains its own functional niche, rather than engaging in competition with one another.


Diachronica ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim van der Wurff

SUMMARY This paper aims to show how structural and social factors can interact to bring about syntactic change. The interaction is exemplified by the case of an innovation in the easy construction which is first found in late Middle English texts. The reason for this innovation was a reanalysis of an existing sentence-type, but the impetus for this reanalysis probably came from diffusion of the sentence-type from one variety of Middle English to another. The social factors involved are expressed in a model using the social network as a basic concept; several advantages of using this model are discussed. The wider implication of this case-history is that many historical syntactic changes may need to be reworked taking into account possible effects of diffusion in a situation of linguistic variability and heterogeneity. A taxonomy of such effects is proposed. RÉSUMÉ Dans le présent article on examine comment l'interaction de facteurs structurels et sociaux peut causer des changements syntaxiques. Cette interaction est exemplifiée par une innovation dans la 'tough' construction dans l'anglais du XVe siècle. Selon l'évidence présentée ici, cette innovation fut provoquée par une réanalyse d'un type de phrase qui existait dans la langue. Cependant la réanalyse s'est probablement effectuée quand ces types de construction se sont répandus d'une variété de l'anglais moyen à une autre. Pour analyser les facteurs sociaux, un modèle basé sur le concept de 'réseau social' est utilisé. Les avantages d'un tel modèle sont démontrés. L'implication de ce cas est que beaucoup de changements syntaxiques historiques doivent être réconsidérés en tenant compte des effets potentiels de diffusion dans une situation linguistique variable et heterogène. Une taxonomie de tels effets est proposée. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Ziel dieses Aufsatzes ist es, zu zeigen, wie das Zusammenwirken von strukturellen und sozialen Faktoren syntaktischen Wandel verursachen kann. Diese Interaktion wird illustriert mithilfe einer Innovation innerhalb der Tough'-Konstruktion, die erst in spätmittelenglischen Texten zu finden ist. Ursache fur diese Innovation war eine Reinterpretation eines bestehenden Satz-typs, aber der eigentliche Impetus fur eine solche neue Interpretation war wahr-scheinlich die Übertragung solcher Sätze von einer Varietät des Mitteleng-lischen in eine andere. Ein Modell, das mit dem 'sozialen Netzwerk' als Basisbegriff operiert, wird angewendet, um relevante soziale Faktoren zu be-schreiben, die hierbei eine Rolle gespielt haben müßten. Verschiedene Vorteile dieses Modells werden vorgestellt. Die Implikation dieser Fallstudie ist, daB es notig ist, viele syntaktische Wandlungen aufs Neue zu studieren, um festzu-stellen, welchen EinfluB etwaige Diffusionsprozesse in einer Situation sprachli-cher Variabilität und Heterogenität gehabt haben mögen. Eine Taxonomie solcher Einflüsse wird vorgestellt.


Diachronica ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Lucas

Language contact plays a key part among the factors leading to change in grammars, and yet the study of syntactic change, especially in the generative or innatist tradition, has tended to neglect the role of contact in this process. At the same time, work on contact-induced change remains largely descriptive, with theoretical discussion restricted mostly to the putative limits on borrowing. This article aims at moving beyond these restrictions by outlining a psycholinguistically-based account of some of the ways in which contact leads to change. This account takes Van Coetsem’s (1988, 2000) distinction between recipient-language and source-language agentivity as its starting point, building on this insight in the light of work on language acquisition and first language attrition, and showing how these principles can be integrated into a unified acquisitionist model of syntactic change in general. The model is then applied to case studies of contact-induced syntactic change in Yiddish and Berber.


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