Harmful effects of radiation on the nervous system

2002 ◽  
pp. 1489-1498
Author(s):  
Jeremy H. Rees ◽  
Michael Brada
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Effects Of Radiation ◽  
Harmful Effects

Radiation Safety in Vascular Surgery

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy B. Reed ◽  
Melissa L Kirkwood
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Endovascular Procedures ◽  
Radiation Safety ◽  
National Council ◽  
Skin Injury ◽  
Air Kerma ◽  
Dose Limits ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Effects Of Radiation ◽  
Harmful Effects

Modern vascular surgeons perform an ever-increasing number of complex endovascular procedures, largely based on patient preference, decreased length of stay, and improved outcome. With the upsurge of endovascular cases, concern has grown regarding the harmful effects of radiation exposure delivered to the patient and the operator. Surgeon education on the appropriate use of fluoroscopic operating factors coupled with appropriate training in radiation safety has been shown to decrease radiation dose. This review elucidates dose terminology and metrics, possible radiation-induced injuries, risk factors for deterministic injury, and radiation safety principles and techniques. Tables provide practical tips to lower patient and operator radiation dose during fluoroscopically guided intervention, and National Council on Radiation Protection & Measurements recommended dose limits for occupational exposure. Figures illustrate reference air kerma, radiation-induced skin injury, effects of image receptor and table position, and operator exposure. This review contains 4 figures, 3 tables, and 53 references.

scholarly journals Radio-protective role of antioxidant agents

2012 ◽  
pp. e16
Author(s):  
Alireza Shirazi ◽  
Ehsan Mihandoost ◽  
Seied Rabie Mahdavi ◽  
Mehran Mohseni
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Antioxidant Agents ◽  
Effects Of Radiation ◽  
Cellular Components ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Research Show

Ionizing radiation interacts with biological systems to produce reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species which attack various cellular components. Radio-protectors act as prophylactic agents to shield healthy cells and tissues from the harmful effects of radiation. Past research on synthetic radio-protectors has brought little success, primarily due to the various toxicity-related problems. Results of experimental research show that antioxidant nutrients, such as vitamin E and herbal products and melatonin, are protective against the damaging effects of radiation, with less toxicity and side effects. Therefore, we propose that in the future, antioxidant radio-protective agents may improve the therapeutic index in radiation oncology treatments.

Radiation risk amongst orthopaedic surgeons – Do we know the risk?

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushmith R Gowda ◽  
Chris J Mitchell ◽  
Sherif Abouel-Enin ◽  
Charlotte Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Operating Room ◽  
Radiation Risk ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Orthopaedic Surgeons ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Medullary Nailing ◽  
Specific Safety ◽  
Effects Of Radiation ◽  
Harmful Effects

Radiation risk amongst orthopaedic surgeons and theatre personnel is increasing with increased use of fluoroscopy imaging. Increased radiation risk has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of malignancies, ocular and thyroid disorders. Very high exposures have been reported in spinal surgery and during intra-medullary nailing. With an increase in modern and percutaneous methods, the use of intra-operative fluoroscopy has increased as well. The aim of this article was to review the available evidence of radiation risk amongst healthcare personnel. A systematic search was carried out in PubMED, CINAHL and Cochrane on intra-operative radiation in trauma and orthopaedic operating room. Inclusion criteria were clinical studies and systematic reviews reporting on radiation exposure, fluoroscopy time and references to specific safety guidelines. This article highlights the safety aspects of radiation protection and harmful effects of radiation during orthopaedic procedures. The responsibility to minimise radiation exposure in operating theatre lies with the team within the operating room.

Diagnostic radiography: what are the risks?

1980 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 49-51
Keyword(s):  
Hereditary Disease ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Direct Benefit ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Realistic Assessment ◽  
Effects Of Radiation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Diagnostic Radiography

X-rays at the doses used in diagnostic radiography are associated with two main hazards: an increased risk of neoplasia in the individual exposed, and an increased risk of hereditary disease in his or her progeny. The risk of carcinogenesis can be balanced against the benefit to the patient exposed, but the risk to progeny cannot be balanced in this way as they receive no direct benefit other than the possible continued health of the parent. The decision to x-ray must be based on adequate knowledge of such harmful effects of radiation and on the realistic assessment of the benefits.

scholarly journals Can Melatonin Help Us in Radiation Oncology Treatments?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Mihandoost ◽  
Alireza Shirazi ◽  
Seied Rabie Mahdavi ◽  
Akbar Aliasgharzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Oncology ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Tumor Control ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Effects Of Radiation ◽  
Cellular Components ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Harmful Effects

Nowadays, radiotherapy has become an integral part of the treatment regimen in various malignancies for curative or palliative purposes. Ionizing radiation interacts with biological systems to produce free radicals, which attack various cellular components. Radioprotectors act as prophylactic agents that are administered to shield normal cells and tissues from the harmful effects of radiation. Melatonin has been shown to be both a direct free radical scavenger and an indirect antioxidant by stimulating antioxidant enzymes and suppressing prooxidative enzymes activity. In addition to its antioxidant property, there have also been reports implicating antiapoptotic function for melatonin in normal cells. Furthermore, through its antitumor and radiosensitizing properties, treatment with melatonin may prevent tumor progression. Therefore, addition of melatonin to radiation therapy could lower the damage inflicted to the normal tissue, leading to a more efficient tumor control by use of higher doses of irradiation during radiotherapy. Thus, it seems that, in the future, melatonin may improve the therapeutic gain in radiation oncology treatments.

The Use of Radioactive Cobalt in Studies of the Dispersal of Adult Females of the European Pine Shoot Moth, Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.)

1957 ◽  
Vol 89 (8) ◽  
pp. 379-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Green ◽  
C. R. Sullivan ◽  
W. F. Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Half Life ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Successful Attempt ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Effects Of Radiation ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Gamma Emitter

This paper describes a successful attempt to tag adult females of the European pine shoot, Rhyacionia buoliuna (Schiff.) with Co60, chosen as a tagging agent because it is a gamma emitter with a sufficiently long half-life (5.3 years). Emphasis is placed on the preparation and application of the tracer material, the absence of immediately harmful effects of radiation on the insects, and the ability of the insects to behave normally with the tags in place. This work was undertaken in order so develop techniques for following the movements of large numbers of these insects.

scholarly journals Mycotoxins and the Enteric Nervous System

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sławomir Gonkowski ◽  
Magdalena Gajęcka ◽  
Krystyna Makowska
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Enteric Nervous System ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Harmful Effects

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by various fungal species. They are commonly found in a wide range of agricultural products. Mycotoxins contained in food enter living organisms and may have harmful effects on many internal organs and systems. The gastrointestinal tract, which first comes into contact with mycotoxins present in food, is particularly vulnerable to the harmful effects of these toxins. One of the lesser-known aspects of the impact of mycotoxins on the gastrointestinal tract is the influence of these substances on gastrointestinal innervation. Therefore, the present study is the first review of current knowledge concerning the influence of mycotoxins on the enteric nervous system, which plays an important role, not only in almost all regulatory processes within the gastrointestinal tract, but also in adaptive and protective reactions in response to pathological and toxic factors in food.

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