scholarly journals P049: Modelling and manufacturing of a 3D printed trachea for cricothyroidotomy simulation

CJEM ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (S1) ◽  
pp. S94 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Doucet ◽  
S. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cricoid Cartilage ◽  
Thyroid Cartilage ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Emergency Airway ◽  
Simulation Techniques ◽  
Rural And Remote Areas

Introduction: Most current cricothyroidotomy simulation models are either expensive or low fidelity and limit the learner to an unrealistic simulation experience. The goal of this project is to innovate current simulation techniques by 3D printing anatomically accurate trachea models. By doing so emergency cricothyroidotomy simulation can be accessible, high fidelity, cost effective and replicable. Methods: 3D modelling software was used in conjunction with a desktop 3D printer to design and manufacture an anatomically accurate model of the cartilage within the trachea (thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, and the tracheal rings). The initial design was based on dimensions found in studies measuring the dimensions of tracheal anatomy. This ensured an appropriate anatomical landmark design was achieved. Several revisions of the model were designed and qualitatively assessed by medical and simulation professionals to ensure anatomical accuracy that exceeded that of the currently used, low cost, cricothyroidotomy simulation model in St. John’s. Results: Using an entry level desktop 3D printer, a low cost tracheal model was successfully designed that can be printed in under 3 hours. Due to its anatomical accuracy, flexibility and durability, this model is ideal for use in emergency medicine simulation training. Additionally, the model can be assembled in conjunction with a membrane to simulate tracheal ligaments and skin for appearance. Conclusion: The end result is a high fidelity simulation that will provide users with an anatomically correct model to practice important skills used in emergency airway surgery, specifically land marking, incision and intubation. This design is a novel, easy to manufacture, replicable, low fidelity trachea model that can be used by educators with limited resources such as those in rural and remote areas.

scholarly journals Development and initial validation of a cost-effective, re-usable, ultrasound-compatible suprapubic catheter insertion training simulator

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harkanwal Randhawa ◽  
Yuding Wang ◽  
Jen Hoogenes ◽  
Michael Uy ◽  
Bobby Shayegan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Content Validity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Boot Camp ◽  
First Year ◽  
Multiple Use ◽  
Training Simulator ◽  
Training Tool ◽  
Technical Performance

Introduction: Suprapubic catheterization (SPC) is a fundamental skill required of urology trainees. A lack of affordable simulation models and unpredictability of bedside SPCs limit experiential learning opportunities. Our objective was to develop and initially validate a re-usable, low-cost, ultrasound (US)-compatible SPC simulator for acquiring skills that transfer to the bedside. Methods: The model was constructed using six components. Staff urologists and interventional radiologists (IRs) conducted a SPC and rated the model on three domains with multiple subcategories on a five-point Likert scale: anatomic realism; usefulness as a training tool; and global/overall reaction. Participants in our first-year urology “boot camp” received SPC training, practiced, and were evaluated via an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). Staff ratings and OSCE scores determined the model’s initial face and content validity. Results: Twelve staff physicians participated in the study. The mean scores for urologists and IRs, respectively, were: anatomical realism: 4.10 and 3.70; usefulness as a training tool: 4.23 and 4.24; and overall reaction: 4.40 and 4.44. Staff strongly agreed that the model should be incorporated into the residency curriculum. Over the past four years, 25 boot camp participants scored a mean of 99.7% (±1.8) on the OSCE, with high technical performance and entrustment scores (4.8 and 4.7, respectively). The model cost $55 CAD. Conclusions: This novel, multiple-use, low-cost, easily reproducible US-compatible SPC simulator demonstrated initial face and content validity via high staff urologist and IR ratings and OSCE scores of first-year urology residents. Additional research is required for construct validation.

scholarly journals Design and Printing of a Low-Cost 3D-Printed Nasal Osteotomy Training Model: Development and Feasibility Study

10.2196/19792 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. e19792
Author(s):  
Michelle Ho ◽  
Jared Goldfarb ◽  
Roxana Moayer ◽  
Uche Nwagu ◽  
Rohan Ganti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Surgical Simulation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Training Model ◽  
Tactile Feedback ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Free Open Source

Background Nasal osteotomy is a commonly performed procedure during rhinoplasty for both functional and cosmetic reasons. Teaching and learning this procedure proves difficult due to the reliance on nuanced tactile feedback. For surgical simulation, trainees are traditionally limited to cadaveric bones, which can be costly and difficult to obtain. Objective This study aimed to design and print a low-cost midface model for nasal osteotomy simulation. Methods A 3D reconstruction of the midface was modified using the free open-source design software Meshmixer (Autodesk Inc). The pyriform aperture was smoothed, and support rods were added to hold the fragments generated from the simulation in place. Several models with various infill densities were printed using a desktop 3D printer to determine which model best mimicked human facial bone. Results A midface simulation set was designed using a desktop 3D printer, polylactic acid filament, and easily accessible tools. A nasal osteotomy procedure was successfully simulated using the model. Conclusions 3D printing is a low-cost, accessible technology that can be used to create simulation models. With growing restrictions on trainee duty hours, the simulation set can be used by programs to augment surgical training.

scholarly journals Impresión 3D como Herramienta Didáctica para la Enseñanza de Algunos Conceptos de Ingeniería y Diseño

Ingeniería ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin Blasnilo Rua Ramirez ◽  
Fernando Jimenez Diaz ◽  
German Andres Gutierrez Arias ◽  
Nelson Iván Villamizar
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Mechanical Engineering ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Course Grades ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Technical Specifications ◽  
Future Work

Context: 3D printing can be used for a wide range of tasks such as the design and testing of prototypes and finished products in a shorter time. In mechanical engineering, prototype designs are continuously generated in academic class activities and final coursework projects by students and teachers. However, students show limitations while understanding the abstract concepts represented with such designs.Method: Firstly, a large scale 3D printer with improved technical specifications compared to traditional market options and similar price, was fabricated. By means of free software and hardware tools and easy-to-obtain alternative manufacturing materials, it was possible to decrease its manufacturing and operating costs. Then a set of study cases utilising the 3D printer in three different subject classes were designed and tested with two cohorts of students of Mechanical Engineering programme.Results: It was feasible to fabricate a cost-effective and practical 3D printer for constructing prototypes and pieces that benefit teaching and learning concepts in engineering and design areas. The experiments carried out in three subjects of engineering courses with second-year students, showed a similar trend of improving the average course grades, as it was observed in two cohorts in different terms.Conclusions: This type of low cost 3D printer obtained academic advantages as a didactic tool for the learning process in engineering and design subjects. Future work will consider applying this tool to other courses and subjects to further evaluate its convenience and effectivity.

Enhancing the Performance of Photovoltaic Powered Reverse Osmosis Desalination Systems by Active Thermal Management

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah Kelley ◽  
Amy M. Bilton ◽  
Steven Dubowsky
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Management ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Thermal Control ◽  
Solar Panel ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Feed Water

Reverse osmosis (RO) is a well-known process for desalinating seawater and brackish groundwater. Desalination is energy-intensive, so using photovoltaic (PV) panels to power the process is an attractive and cost-effective concept, especially for community-scale systems. Increasing the system efficiency will lower the total cost of water produced, making the systems more economically competitive for a greater number of geographic locations. It is noted in this paper that the amount of water produced by a PV-powered RO (PVRO) system can be increased if the temperatures of the solar panel and the reverse osmosis feed water are actively managed. For a given level of solar radiation, a photovoltaic panel produces more power at a lower temperature. Also, for a given power, an RO system produces more clean water at a higher input (feed) water temperature. An active thermal management system is needed to exploit these complementary characteristics by cooling the solar panel and warming the RO feed water, increasing the amount of fresh water produced. This can be accomplished by running the RO feed water through a heat exchanger attached to the back of the solar panel, cooling it. Furthermore, the ability to cool the solar panels permits the addition of low-cost, flat-plate concentrating mirrors to be used with the PV panels, which further increases the PV power output. The flow of the water through the respective units must be actively controlled as there are limits for the maximum temperatures of both the RO water and PV panels. In this paper, a concept for an active PVRO thermal control system is presented. Simulations and experimental results show the effectiveness of this approach. In experiment, a 57% increase in fresh water production was achieved. These experimental results agree well with simulation models.

scholarly journals Design and Printing of a Low-Cost 3D-Printed Nasal Osteotomy Training Model: Development and Feasibility Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Ho ◽  
Jared Goldfarb ◽  
Roxana Moayer ◽  
Uche Nwagu ◽  
Rohan Ganti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Surgical Simulation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Training Model ◽  
Tactile Feedback ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Free Open Source

BACKGROUND Nasal osteotomy is a commonly performed procedure during rhinoplasty for both functional and cosmetic reasons. Teaching and learning this procedure proves difficult due to the reliance on nuanced tactile feedback. For surgical simulation, trainees are traditionally limited to cadaveric bones, which can be costly and difficult to obtain. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to design and print a low-cost midface model for nasal osteotomy simulation. METHODS A 3D reconstruction of the midface was modified using the free open-source design software Meshmixer (Autodesk Inc). The pyriform aperture was smoothed, and support rods were added to hold the fragments generated from the simulation in place. Several models with various infill densities were printed using a desktop 3D printer to determine which model best mimicked human facial bone. RESULTS A midface simulation set was designed using a desktop 3D printer, polylactic acid filament, and easily accessible tools. A nasal osteotomy procedure was successfully simulated using the model. CONCLUSIONS 3D printing is a low-cost, accessible technology that can be used to create simulation models. With growing restrictions on trainee duty hours, the simulation set can be used by programs to augment surgical training.

scholarly journals Proposal for a Low-cost High-fidelity ventilator for COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueqing Zhang ◽  
Yash Hemant Shah ◽  
Nikhilesh Tumuluru
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Lung Compliance ◽  
Volume Control ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Respiratory Illnesses ◽  
Critical Patients

The COVID-19 pandemic situation has called for an urgent need for the development of low cost respiratory ventilators across the globe. Such ventilators must include functionalities to cater to the patients experiencing severe respiratory illnesses, such as ARDS, where lung compliance and patient breathing cycles are dynamic, and require an accurate and controllable ventilator design. A low cost ventilator design is presented here which offers essential pressure and volume control ventilator modes for critical patients while being cost-effective as compared to all other presently available commercial alternatives which provide similar functions. The presented design is currently in the conceptual stage, and is presented here to elicit feedback for further refinement, prototyping, medical approval and large scale manufacturing.

Simulation Techniques for Improving Fabrication Yield of RF-CMOS ICs

2012 ◽  
pp. 61-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amparo Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Rf Circuits ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Simulation Techniques ◽  
Microwave Monolithic Integrated Circuits ◽  
Reliable Design

One of the industry sectors with the largest revenue in the telecommunication field is the wireless communications field. Wireless operators compete for being the first to place their products in the market to obtain the highest revenues. Moreover, they try to offer products that fulfill the user demands in terms of price, battery life, and product quality. All these requirements must be also fulfilled by the designer of the MMIC (Microwave Monolithic Integrated Circuits) circuits that will be used in those wireless terminals, achieving a reliable design, with high performance, low cost, and if possible, in one or two foundry iterations so as to bring the product out to the market as soon as possible. Silicon based technologies are the lowest cost. The demand to use them is simply based on that fact, but their usage in these applications is limited by the ease of use for the designer, in particular, by the lack of adequate simulation models. These technologies don’t include some essential components for the design of RF circuits, which leads to measurement results quite different from those simulated. On the other hand, GaAs based technologies, more mature in the RF and microwave field, provide very accurate models, as well as additional tools to verify the design reliability (yield and sensitivity analysis), allowing good results often with only one foundry iteration. The deep study of the problems presented when designing Si-based RF circuits will convince the reader of the need to use special tools as electromagnetic simulation or coo simulation to prevent it. The chapter provides different simulation techniques that help the designer to obtain better designs with a lower cost, as foundry iterations are reduced.

scholarly journals The evaluation of using new trachea and skin manikins for practicing emergency anterior neck access

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumidtra Prathep ◽  
Wilasinee Jitpakdee ◽  
Pittayapon Pitathawatchai ◽  
Sittichoke Anuntaseree
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Supraglottic Airway ◽  
Anterior Neck ◽  
Emergency Airway ◽  
Management Procedures ◽  
Supraglottic Airway Devices ◽  
The Mean

AbstractEmergency anterior neck access may be performed if intubation and ventilation fail. Practicing this life-saving procedure with manikins before facing a real-life emergency anterior neck access is required to do this procedure successfully when we encounter a difficult airway situation. The current manikins are expensive and thus are sometimes difficult to acquire in low-cost settings such as Thailand. We devise a cost-effective training manikin using less expensive materials but retaining the simple design of the trachea and skin areas which are flexible polyurethane (PU) foam and silicone, but which still had the same utility as the current manikins. Five items were evaluated, and then scores were rated by experienced physicians from 1 to 5 points for each item, 1 being the least and 5 the highest. The mean score concerning the appropriate size of the manikins was 4.55 ± 0.56. The mean score of the ease of use for practicing was 4.58 ± 0.59. The mean score of the similarity of the skin of the manikins to human skin was 3.85 ± 0.66. The mean score of the similarity of the trachea of the manikins to the human trachea was 3.80 ± 0.69. The mean score of the sensation of inserting the tube in the manikin compared to a real trachea was 3.90 ± 0.67. The mean overall benefit score of practicing on the manikins was 4.38 ± 0.45. Our trial indicates that this low-cost and simply designed manikin can be useful for practicing emergency airway management procedures to save patients who are struggling with lack of oxygen or intubation failure or failure of ventilation or other airway equipment such as endotracheal intubation and supraglottic airway devices (SGA).

ASSESSMENT OF THE PLATELET COUNT IN THE PREGNANT WOMEN IN IGIMS, PATNA, BIHAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanwi Singh ◽  
Anshuman Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Platelet Indices ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Low Platelet Count ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

The major risk associated with low platelet count in pregnancy is the increased risk of bleeding during the childbirth or post that. There is an increased blood supply to the uterus during pregnancy and the surgical procedure requires cutting of major blood vessels. Women with thrombocytopenia are at increased risk of losing excessive blood. The risk is more in case of caesarean delivery as compared to vaginal delivery. Hence based on above findings the present study was planned for Assessment of the Platelet Count in the Pregnant Women in IGIMS, Patna, Bihar. The present study was planned in Department of Pathology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Science, Patna, Bihar, India. The present study was planned from duration of January 2019 to June 2019. In the present study 200 pregnant females samples received for the platelet estimation were enrolled in the present study. Clinically platelet indices can be a useful screening test for early identification of preeclampsia and eclampsia. Also platelet indices can assess the prognosis of this disease in pregnant women and can be used as an effective prognostic marker because it correlates with severity of the disease. Platelet count is a simple, low cost, and rapid routine screening test. Hence the data generated from the present study concludes that platelet count can be used as a simple and cost effective tool to monitor the progression of preeclampsia, thereby preventing complications to develop during the gestational period. Keywords: Platelet Count, Pregnant Women, IGIMS, Patna, Bihar, etc.

Janus – A New Approach to Air Combat Pilot Training

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-22
Author(s):  
Georges Bridel ◽  
Zdobyslaw Goraj ◽  
Lukasz Kiszkowiak ◽  
Jean-Georges Brévot ◽  
Jean-Pierre Devaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Training System ◽  
Embedded Sensors ◽  
Pilot Training ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Combat Aircraft ◽  
Air Combat ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Advanced jet training still relies on old concepts and solutions that are no longer efficient when considering the current and forthcoming changes in air combat. The cost of those old solutions to develop and maintain combat pilot skills are important, adding even more constraints to the training limitations. The requirement of having a trainer aircraft able to perform also light combat aircraft operational mission is adding unnecessary complexity and cost without any real operational advantages to air combat mission training. Thanks to emerging technologies, the JANUS project will study the feasibility of a brand-new concept of agile manoeuvrable training aircraft and an integrated training system, able to provide a live, virtual and constructive environment. The JANUS concept is based on a lightweight, low-cost, high energy aircraft associated to a ground based Integrated Training System providing simulated and emulated signals, simulated and real opponents, combined with real-time feedback on pilot’s physiological characteristics: traditionally embedded sensors are replaced with emulated signals, simulated opponents are proposed to the pilot, enabling out of sight engagement. JANUS is also providing new cost effective and more realistic solutions for “Red air aircraft” missions, organised in so-called “Aggressor Squadrons”.

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