scholarly journals FERTILITY AND SOCIAL SECURITY

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Boldrin ◽  
Mariacristina De Nardi ◽  
Larry E. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Jones Model ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Broad Cross Section ◽  
The One

Abstract:The data show that an increase in government provided old-age pensions is strongly correlated with a reduction in fertility. What type of model is consistent with this finding? We explore this question using two models of fertility, the one by Barro and Becker (1989), and the one inspired by Caldwell and developed by Boldrin and Jones (2002). In the Barro and Becker model parents have children because they perceive their children’s lives as a continuation of their own. In the Boldrin and Jones’ framework parents procreate because the children care about their old parents’ utility, and thus provide them with old age transfers. The effect of increases in government provided pensions on fertility in the Barro and Becker model is very small, and inconsistent with the empirical findings. The effect on fertility in the Boldrin and Jones model is sizeable and accounts for between 55 and 65% of the observed Europe–US fertility differences both across countries and across time and over 80% of the observed variation seen in a broad cross section of countries. Another key factor affecting fertility the Boldrin and Jones model is the access to capital markets, which can account for the other half of the observed change in fertility in developed countries over the last 70 years.

Global Economic Crisis of 2008-2009: Sources and Roots

2009 ◽  
pp. 18-31
Author(s):  
G. Rapoport ◽  
A. Guerts
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Trade Deficit ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
Production Output ◽  
The One ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Partial Destruction

In the article the global crisis of 2008-2009 is considered as superposition of a few regional crises that occurred simultaneously but for different reasons. However, they have something in common: developed countries tend to maintain a strong level of social security without increasing the real production output. On the one hand, this policy has resulted in trade deficit and partial destruction of market mechanisms. On the other hand, it has clashed with the desire of several oil and gas exporting countries to receive an exclusive price for their energy resources.

Consultative Council of Western Powers

1950 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-149
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
The Other ◽  
Medical Assistance ◽  
Bilateral Agreements ◽  
Industrial Injuries ◽  
Foreign Ministers

The seventh session of the Consultative Council took place in Paris on November 7, 1949 under the chairmanship of M. Robert Schuman. Two conventions regarding social matters were signed by the five foreign ministers. The first, closely linked with the network of bilateral agreements on social security already negotiated or in the course of negotiation, would have enabled nationals of these countries to take advantage of any of these bilateral agreements, no matter in which of the five countries they resided or had resided. The benfits covered by these agreements included sickness, old age, death, maternity, industrial injuries and prescribed occupational diseases. The second convention was based on the principle that a national of any of the five countries requiring social or medical assistance, but without sufficient resources, when resident in the territory of any of the other four, would receive such assistance from the latter country on the same basis as its own nationals.

scholarly journals MATERIALISME SEBAGAI PENGHAMBAT PEMBANGUNAN KESEJATERAAN SOSIAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-171
Author(s):  
Mohammad Sabiq ◽  
Akhmad Jayadi ◽  
Imam Nawawi ◽  
Mohammad Wasil
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
The One ◽  
Positive Effect

Materialism and sich are the driving spirit of the community in achieving economic and financial security that saves a holistic and socially just welfare. This can be seen from the lives of people in materialistic developed countries, where the level of social stress is higher, economic inequality widens, horizontal conflict is rife. This research uses Pierre Felix Bourdieu's social theory in seeing people trust the expenditure of material with other values, such as spiritual and cultural values ​​that are no less urgent as elements of social welfare development. This study found that materialism on the one hand has a positive effect, where people are encouraged to use material standards in measuring the level of welfare they expect. On the other hand, materialism closes the presence of values ​​such as spirituality, local wisdom and agriculture in completing more holistic welfare standards.

scholarly journals Exporting Francoist Modernity

2019 ◽  
pp. 114-135
Author(s):  
David Brydan
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Latin American ◽  
International Health ◽  
American Identity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Franco Regime ◽  
Collaborative Model ◽  
The One

Social experts played an important but contested role in Francoist attempts to establish Spain as an influential power in Latin America during the 1940s and 1950s. By encouraging Spanish experts to form ties with their Latin American colleagues, the Franco regime aimed to promote an image of itself as modern, scientific, and technically advanced on the one hand, and as socially progressive on the other. Despite the significant resources dedicated to this task, the Francoist narrative was strongly resisted both by Latin American leftists and by exiled Republican social experts who promoted a more collaborative model of Ibero-American identity. Nevertheless, Latin America did offer a route through which Francoist experts were able to engage with wider forms of international health and welfare. In areas such as social security, it also provided an opportunity for the regime to promote its vision of Francoist modernity to the outside world.

Reconstructing dependency: precarity, precariousness and care in old age

2020 ◽  
pp. 169-190
Author(s):  
Michael Fine
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Old Age ◽  
The Other ◽  
Financial Fragility ◽  
Physical Ageing ◽  
Care Provision ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
The One ◽  
Conditions Of Work

This chapter explores the potential for the development of critical approach to care based on the concepts of precarity and precariousness. Applying those concepts at the level of both theory and analysis, it is argued, serves to draw attention to both the socially constructed uncertainties of care provision conditioned by the labour market and corporate practices on the one hand, and the uncertainties of physical ageing and the ontological vulnerabilities that arise from our bodily existence on the other. Uncertainty also confronts those who provide care in either a paid or unpaid/informal capacity. The precarious conditions of work reflect the financial fragility of the economic supports and the changing and unequal markets that increasingly underpin the way care is provided to the increasing numbers of people who live extended lives today.

27. Choice of business medium

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Scott Slorach ◽  
Jason Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Capital Gains ◽  
The Other ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Inheritance Tax ◽  
The One ◽  
Limited Liability Partnership ◽  
Business Media ◽  
Capital Expense

This chapter makes a comparison between companies, on the one hand, and partnerships or sole traders, on the other, in order to explain the various factors which should be taken into account when choosing the two business media. It considers factors such as risk of capital, expense, publicity, taxation, interest relief, capital gains, inheritance tax, pensions and social security Due to the range of variables, the desirability of limited liability means that incorporation may be the only viable option, although this can also be achieved by setting up a limited liability partnership. Where limited liability is not of great importance, the tax factors will be more significant and these would have to be examined from a number of perspectives, including the size of anticipated profits, the particular financial circumstances of the promoters of the business, and any particular expectations they had about their stake in the business.

The Bakerian lecture.— On the forms of equipotential curves and surfaces and on lines of flow

1876 ◽  
Vol 24 (164-170) ◽  
pp. 1-32
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Outer Boundary ◽  
The Other ◽  
Curves And Surfaces ◽  
Conducting Wire ◽  
The Wire ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Current Flows ◽  
The One

When any portion of a conducting-wire which joins the two poles of a voltaic battei'y is increased in size, the resistance of the circuit is diminished and a greater current flows through the wire ; and as any increase in the cross section of any portion of the wire causes a corre­sponding increase in the current, it is clear that there is no part of the conducting-wire through which some portion of the current does not flow from the one pole to the other; and the outer boundary of such a wire will be a line of flow. A line of flow is a line drawn in a conductor which indicates at every point of it the direction of the current at that point. A portion of the conductor completely enclosed by lines of flow may be termed a tube of flow.

scholarly journals I. Contributions to the history of the pleiocene and pleistocene deer. Part I. Cervus verticornis, Cervus savini

1885 ◽  
Vol 38 (235-238) ◽  
pp. 345-345 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Large Series ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
Geological Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

The numerous cervine remains which occur in the various collections in Britain and on the Continent have been studied by the author for the last twenty-five years, and in this communication two species, the one hitherto ill-defined, and the other new to science, have been described. The first, or Cervus verticornis , Dawkins, remarkable for the singular forward and downward curvature of the first tine, is represented by a large series of skulls and antlers, which enable the author to define the changes in antler-form from youth to old age, as well as to relegate it to the division of deer with palmated antlers, and to establish its geological age to be Pleiocene, and early Pleistocene, in Norfolk and Suffolk.

A nonce–word in the Iliad

1985 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice Pope
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Old Age ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wrong Thing ◽  
The One

‘My own father’, Achilles says to Priam in the last book of the Iliad, ‘was a rich man and a powerful one. He was king of the Myrmidons, and he had a divine wife. But even so the gods gave him evils too. He had no family, only one son, and that son a παναώριος one. I do not look after him in his old age, but am far away, sitting here in Troy, inflicting misery on you and your children.’The problem I propose to discuss is the meaning of παναώριος. The word is unique to this passage, and the standard translation ‘of all-untimely fate’ or ‘doomed to die young’ is open to many objections. I shall argue that by describing himself as ‘untimely’ what Achilles means is that he is someone who is always doing the wrong thing at the wrong time, a misfit. It may seem a petty point, hardly worth the long argument that will be needed to establish it. But it has consequences for our judgement of the Iliad as a whole. If the one interpretation is correct, then Homer is content to repeat his effects without regard to the situation of his characters, which in any other author we would call careless writing. On the other interpretation he is capable of focusing down to quite detailed nuances. The question is not therefore one of lexicology alone but also of literary criticism.The translation ‘all-untimely doomed’ has warrant from antiquity. Leaf quotes a scholium παντελ⋯ς ἄωρον ⋯ποθανούμενον, and the word ⋯ωρία is used by a scholiast at 1.505 to refer to the fate by which Achilles was to die early.

scholarly journals Sobre la (in)competencia de las instituciones europeas para reformar los sistemas públicos de pensiones nacionales a la luz del derecho de la UE y de los tratados internacionales = About the (in)competence of the European institutions to reform the public systems of national pensions in the light of the EU law and the international treaties

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 394
Author(s):  
Cristina Sánchez-Rodas Navarro
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Old Age ◽  
The European Union ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
European Union Law ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Deficit ◽  
Legislative Reforms ◽  
The One

Resumen: En España, tras la crisis mundial económica y financiera de 2008, se han llevado a cabo importantes reformas legislativas a fin de controlar el déficit público y cumplir así no sólo con las disposiciones emanadas del Derecho de la Unión Europea sino también con los Tratados internacionales ratificados por nuestro país.Por su cuantía, las pensiones contributivas de jubilación constituyen la partida más importante de los Presupuestos Generales del Estado.Existe una generalizada creencia de que las restrictivas reformas en materia de pensiones españolas que se vienen promulgando en los últimos años son inevitables al venir impuestas por disposiciones emanadas de la Unión Europea y/o por Tratados internacionales.El objeto de este artículo es, por una parte, demostrar que la competencia para legislar en materia de Seguridad Social es, y sigue siendo, competencia exclusiva del Estado. Y, por otro lado, verificar cómo las reformas en materia de pensiones obedecen a iniciativas legislativas nacionales, en modo alguno impuestas por el Derecho de la UE o el Derecho internacional.Palabras clave: Unión Europea, Seguridad Social, pensiones contributivas de jubilación.Abstract: In Spain, after the worldwide economic and financial crisis of 2008, important legislative reforms have been carried out in order to control the public deficit and therefore will be able to comply not only with the provisions emanating from the European Union Law but also with the International Treaties ratified by our country.Due to their amount, contributory old-age pensions are the most important item in the General State Budget.There is a widespread belief that the restrictive reforms on Spanish pensions that have been enacted in recent years were inevitable because they were imposed by provisions emanating from the European Union and /or international treaties.The purpose of this article is, on the one hand, to demonstrate that the competence to legislate on Social Security matters is, and continues to be, the exclusive competence of the State. And, on the other hand, to verify how the last reforms in the field of pensions obey to national legislative initiatives, in no way imposed by European Law or international Law.Keywords: European Union, social security, contributory old-age benefits.

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