Economic returns of family planning and fertility decline in India, 1991–2061

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Srinivas Goli ◽  
K. S. James ◽  
Devender Singh ◽  
Venkatesh Srinivasan ◽  
Rakesh Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Reproductive Health Care ◽  
The World ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Education And Employment ◽  
Global Evidence

Abstract Investment in family planning (FP) provides returns through a lifetime. Global evidence shows that FP is the second-best buy in terms of return on investment after liberalizing trade. In this study, we estimate the cumulative benefits of FP investments for India from 1991 to 2016 and project them up to 2061 with four scenarios of fertility levels. The findings suggest that India will have greater elasticity of FP investments to lifetime economic returns compared to the world average (cost–revenue ratio of 1:120). We have taken four scenarios for the goalpost, viz., 2.1, 1.8, 1.6, and 1.4. Although different scenarios of total fertility rate (TFR) levels at the goalpost (i.e., the year 2061) offer varied lifetime returns from FP, scenario TFR < 1.8 will be counterproductive and will reduce the potential benefits. With a comprehensive approach, if the country focuses more on improving the quality of FP services and on reducing the unmet need for FP to enhance reproductive health care and expand maximum opportunities for education and employment for both women and men, it can improve its potential to reap more benefits.

scholarly journals The Analysis of Factors Affecting Unmet Need in Fertile Age Women in Sumberjambe District, Sumbersari, and Kaliwates

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 700-703
Author(s):  
Latifah Hanum ◽  
Ancah Caesarina Marchianti ◽  
Ristya Widi Endah Yani
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Service Access ◽  
Enabling Factors ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional

Unmet need family planning is a need for contraception that is not met. Fertile age women are said to be unmet need family planning if they wish to delay pregnancy or to terminate pregnancy for the next two years but not to use contraceptives. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of predisposing factors, enabling factors, and reinforcing factors in fertile couple women in Sumberjambe, Sumbersari and Kaliwates. The research design used was observational analytic with cross sectional research design. Samples taken in this study were 382 women of fertile couples age. The sampling technique used was multistage random sampling technique. Data anaysis used logistic regression. The results showed that there was influence of predisposing factor, enabling factor and reinforcing factor to contraception that was not fulfilled in fertile age women of knowledge with value of (p = 0.000), attitude with value of (p = 0.000), access service with value of (p = 0.000), quality of service with value of (p = 0.002), husband support with value of (p = 0.000), family panning officer support with value of (p = 0.000), and IEC treatment with value of (p = 0.000). Keywords: knowledge; attitude; social culture; service access; quality of service

scholarly journals Feasibility testing of a community dialogue approach for promoting the uptake of family planning and contraceptive services in Zambia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarate Nzala Munakampe ◽  
Theresa Nkole ◽  
Adam Silumbwe ◽  
Joseph Mumba Zulu ◽  
Joanna Paula Cordero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Community Dialogue ◽  
Awareness Programs ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Feasibility Testing

Abstract Background Community dialogues have been used in various participatory approaches in various health prevention and awareness programs, including family planning interventions to increase understanding and alignment of particular issues from different peoples’ perspectives. The feasibility testing comprised of the implementation of a community dialogue intervention which generated discussion on key issues that needed to be addressed to decrease the unmet need for family planning- in this instance improving Quality of Care; and an evaluation thereof. The aim of this paper is to document the evaluation of the feasibility testing of a community dialogue approach, as part of formative phase research, in order to increase community and health care provider dialogue about family planning and contraceptives. Methods The operational and cultural feasibility of the community dialogue was evaluated through participant observations during the dialogue, using a standardised feasibility testing tick-list, and through focus group discussions with three different groups of stakeholders who participated in the community dialogue. Results Overall, 21 of the 30 invited participants attended the meeting. The approach created dialogue on family planning and QoC as per the objectives of the feasibility testing. There was a dialogue about how the quality of care could be achieved in family planning from the divergent stakeholders, guided by the agreed-upon ground rules. A need for more time for discussion and representation from the adolescents and other stakeholders in family planning such as the nutritionist was noted. Some participants were not comfortable with the language used, while others felt the other participants had more knowledge about the topics discussed. Conclusion Generally, the community dialogue was well received by the community members and the healthcare providers, as was seen from the positives sentiment expressed by both categories. Some key considerations for refining the approach included soliciting maximum participation from otherwise marginalized groups like the youths would provide stronger representation.

Customer Satisfaction, Market Share, and Profitability: Findings from Sweden

1994 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene W. Anderson ◽  
Claes Fornell ◽  
Donald R. Lehmann
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Market Share ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Satisfaction Index ◽  
New Findings

Are there economic benefits to improving customer satisfaction? Many firms that are frustrated in their efforts to improve quality and customer satisfaction are beginning to question the link between customer satisfaction and economic returns. The authors investigate the nature and strength of this link. They discuss how expectations, quality, and price should affect customer satisfaction and why customer satisfaction, in turn, should affect profitability; this results in a set of hypotheses that are tested using a national customer satisfaction index and traditional accounting measures of economic returns, such as return on investment. The findings support a positive impact of quality on customer satisfaction, and, in turn, profitability. The authors demonstrate the economic benefits of increasing customer satisfaction using both an empirical forecast and a new analytical model. In addition, they discuss why increasing market share actually might lead to lower customer satisfaction and provide preliminary empirical support for this hypothesis. Finally, two new findings emerge: First, the market's expectations of the quality of a firm's output positively affects customers’ overall satisfaction with the firm; and second, these expectations are largely rational, albeit with a small adaptive component.

scholarly journals Understanding unmet need for family planning

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 2524
Author(s):  
Srishti Singh ◽  
Meenakshi Kalhan ◽  
J. S. Malik ◽  
Anuj Jangra ◽  
Nitika Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Reproductive Intentions ◽  
The World ◽  
Planning Methods ◽  
Reinforcing Effects ◽  
Investments In Education ◽  
Family Planning Methods ◽  
Do So

Unmet need represents the gap between women’s reproductive intentions and their contraceptive behavior. There are some 225 million women in the world who want to use safe and effective family planning methods are unable to do so. Control over fertility is very important not only because of its far-reaching implications on prosperity and overall growth of the nation, but also because of its impact on the freedom of young women to lead life of their own choice. Reduction in unmet need for family planning is critical for the overall development of the society. Combination of the mutually reinforcing effects of investments in education, health and family planning programmes is needed.

scholarly journals Enabling the sustainable space era by developing the infrastructure for a space economy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillem Anglada-Escudé
Keyword(s):  
Return On Investment ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Civil Infrastructures ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Scientific Experiments ◽  
The World ◽  
Space Economy

AbstractThe world is changing fast, and so is the space sector. Planning for large scientific experiments two decades ahead may no longer be the most sensible approach. I develop the argument that large science experiments are becoming comparable to terrestrial civil infrastructures in terms of cost. As a result, these should incorporate plans for a return on investment (or impact, not necessarily economic), require a different approach for inter-division coordination within the European Space Agency (ESA), and a broader participation of all society stakeholders (civil society representatives, and the broader public). Defining which experiments will be relevant two decades ahead adds rigidity and quenches creativity to the development of cutting edge science and technology. This is likely to discourage both senior and earlier career professionals into supporting such long-term (and often precarious) plans. A more sensible strategy would be increasing the rate of smaller well understood experiments, engage more society sectors in the development of a truly space-bound infrastructure, and formulate a strategy more in tune with the challenges faced by our society and planet. We argue that such strategy would lead to equally large -even larger- scale experiments in the same time-scale, while providing economic returns and a common sense of purpose. A basic but aggressive road map is outlined.

Standards Certifications and Exports Performance

2016 ◽  
pp. 382-401
Author(s):  
Cristina Robledo-Ardila ◽  
Sara Aguilar-Barrientos ◽  
Kelly Gonzalez-Tapias ◽  
Ana María Gomez-Trujillo ◽  
Camila Uribe-Villa
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The World ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

The integration of the world economy and the internationalization of companies have resulted in consumers' demand for high quality goods. Standards have emerged as a way of reducing the information asymmetries that consumers face when purchasing a product, and have gained importance in the processed food industry as they allow them to assess the quality of goods and may influence the export performance of certified firms (An & Maskus, 2009). Certifications may act as promoters of international trade, but they can also constitute a barrier when the costs associated with the certification process exceed the potential benefits (Jarasueiya et al., 2006). The present study aims to compare the export performance of certified vs. non-certified firms in the Colombian processed food industry. A Mann-Whitney Test was used to analyze the difference of exports value for the selected companies, and then, non-structured interviews to the quality managers of these companies were conducted to gain greater understanding about the impact of standards certifications on their export performance.

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