After the Storm: Short-term and Long-term Health Effects Following Superstorm Sandy among the Elderly

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne R. Lawrence ◽  
Ziqiang Lin ◽  
Emily A. Lipton ◽  
Guthrie Birkhead ◽  
Michael Primeau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Time Window ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Emergency Department Visits ◽  
Superstorm Sandy ◽  
Short And Long Term

ABSTRACTObjectiveInvestigate short- and long-term effects of Superstorm Sandy on multiple morbidities among the elderly.MethodsWe examined emergency department visits; outpatient visits; and hospital admissions for cardiovascular disease (CVD), respiratory disease, and injury among residents residing in 8 affected counties immediately, 4 months, and 12 months following Superstorm Sandy. Control groups were defined as visits/admissions during the identical time window in the 5 years before (2007-2011) and 1 year after (2013-2014) the storm in affected and nonaffected counties in New York. We performed Poisson regression to test whether there was an association of increased visits/admissions for periods following Superstorm Sandy while controlling for covariates.ResultsWe found that the risk for CVD, respiratory disease, and injury visits/admissions was more than twice as high immediately, 4 months, and 12 months after the storm than it was in the control periods. Women were at greater risk at all time periods for CVD (risk ratio [RR], 2.04) and respiratory disease (RRs: 1.89 to 1.92). Whites had higher risk for CVD, respiratory disease, and injury than other racial groups during each period.ConclusionWe observed increases in CVD, respiratory disease, and injury up to a year following Superstorm Sandy. Findings demonstrate the need to incorporate short- and long-term health effects into public health recovery. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:28-32)

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal associations of air pollutant concentrations, GP respiratory consultations and respiratory inhaler prescriptions: a 5-year study of primary care in the borough of Lambeth, South London

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Ashworth ◽  
◽  
Antonis Analitis ◽  
David Whitney ◽  
Evangelia Samoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Respiratory Morbidity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Abstract Background Although the associations of outdoor air pollution exposure with mortality and hospital admissions are well established, few previous studies have reported on primary care clinical and prescribing data. We assessed the associations of short and long-term pollutant exposures with General Practitioner respiratory consultations and inhaler prescriptions. Methods Daily primary care data, for 2009–2013, were obtained from Lambeth DataNet (LDN), an anonymised dataset containing coded data from all patients (1.2 million) registered at general practices in Lambeth, an inner-city south London borough. Counts of respiratory consultations and inhaler prescriptions by day and Lower Super Output Area (LSOA) of residence were constructed. We developed models for predicting daily PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and O3 per LSOA. We used spatio-temporal mixed effects zero inflated negative binomial models to investigate the simultaneous short- and long-term effects of exposure to pollutants on the number of events. Results The mean concentrations of NO2, PM10, PM2.5 and O3 over the study period were 50.7, 21.2, 15.6, and 49.9 μg/m3 respectively, with all pollutants except NO2 having much larger temporal rather than spatial variability. Following short-term exposure increases to PM10, NO2 and PM2.5 the number of consultations and inhaler prescriptions were found to increase, especially for PM10 exposure in children which was associated with increases in daily respiratory consultations of 3.4% and inhaler prescriptions of 0.8%, per PM10 interquartile range (IQR) increase. Associations further increased after adjustment for weekly average exposures, rising to 6.1 and 1.2%, respectively, for weekly average PM10 exposure. In contrast, a short-term increase in O3 exposure was associated with decreased number of respiratory consultations. No association was found between long-term exposures to PM10, PM2.5 and NO2 and number of respiratory consultations. Long-term exposure to NO2 was associated with an increase (8%) in preventer inhaler prescriptions only. Conclusions We found increases in the daily number of GP respiratory consultations and inhaler prescriptions following short-term increases in exposure to NO2, PM10 and PM2.5. These associations are more pronounced in children and persist for at least a week. The association with long term exposure to NO2 and preventer inhaler prescriptions indicates likely increased chronic respiratory morbidity.

scholarly journals A Rational Evaluation of the Syncope Patient: Optimizing the Emergency Department Visit

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 514
Author(s):  
Tarek Hatoum ◽  
Robert S. Sheldon
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Diagnostic Yield ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Emergency Department Visits ◽  
Decision Tools ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg ◽  
Structured Approach

Syncope accounts for up to 2% of emergency department visits and results in the hospitalization of 12–86% of patients. There is often a low diagnostic yield, with up to 50% of hospitalized patients being discharged with no clear diagnosis. We will outline a structured approach to the syncope patient in the emergency department, highlighting the evidence supporting the role of clinical judgement and the initial electrocardiogram (ECG) in making the preliminary diagnosis and in safely identifying the patients at low risk of short- and long-term adverse events or admitting the patient if likely to benefit from urgent intervention. Clinical decision tools and additional testing may aid in further stratifying patients and may guide disposition. While hospital admission does not seem to offer additional mortality benefit, the efficient utilization of outpatient testing may provide similar diagnostic yield, preventing unnecessary hospitalizations.

scholarly journals Microplastics - an emerging silent menace to public health

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Yin Pang ◽  
Shola Sonagara ◽  
Oreoluwatomide Oduwole ◽  
Christopher Gibbins ◽  
Ting Kang Nee
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Important Pathway ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Respiratory Conditions

Over the past few decades, microplastics have become increasingly ubiquitous in the environment and now contaminate the bodies of many living organisms, including humans. Microplastics, as defined here, are plastics within the size range 0.1 μm and 5 mm and are a worrying form of pollution due to public health concerns. This mini-review aims to summarise the route of entry of microplastics into humans and explore the potential detrimental health effects of microplastics. Trophic transfer is an important pathway for microplastic to be transferred across different groups of organisms, with ingestion is regarded as one of the major routes of exposure for humans. Other pathways include inhalation and dermal contact. The health consequences of microplastics manifest because these materials can translocate into the circulatory system and accumulate in the lungs, liver, kidney, and even brain, regardless of the route of entry. Health effects include gastrointestinal disturbances such as inflammation and gut microbiota disruption, respiratory conditions, neurotoxicity and potential cancers. Overall, while it is apparent that microplastics are causing adverse effects on different biological groups and ecosystems, current research is largely focused on marine organisms and aquaculture. Therefore, more studies are needed to investigate specific effects in mammalian cells and tissues, with more long-term epidemiological studies needed on human population considered to be at high-risk due to socioeconomic or other circumstance. Knowledge of the toxicity and long-term health impacts of microplastics is currently limited and requires urgent attention.

scholarly journals Short- and long-term outcomes of laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer in the elderly: A prospective cohort study

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 66-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuji Tokuhara ◽  
Kazuyoshi Nakatani ◽  
Yosuke Ueyama ◽  
Kazuhiko Yoshioka ◽  
Masanori Kon
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Laparoscopic Surgery ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Short And Long Term

scholarly journals Poverty, old age and gender in nineteenth-century England: the case of Hertfordshire

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
NIGEL GOOSE
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Male ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Local Sources ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
And Gender

This article examines the relative incidence of poverty among the elderly in nineteenth-century Hertfordshire with special reference to gender. Both national and local sources are employed to highlight the particular difficulties experienced by the elderly, male poor under the New Poor Law, and the short and long term problems they faced as a result of seasonal unemployment and an overstocked labour market. For elderly women, the extent to which their poverty was relieved by employment in cottage industry, almshouse accommodation, the continuing receipt of out-relief and a higher incidence of family support are examined to provide an assessment of the manner in which poverty was gendered in the nineteenth century.

Concentrations and health effects of short- and long-term exposure to PM2.5, NO2, and O3 in ambient air of Ahvaz city, Iran (2014–2017)

2019 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. 542-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afsaneh Karimi ◽  
Mohammad Shirmardi ◽  
Mostafa Hadei ◽  
Yaser Tahmasebi Birgani ◽  
Abdolkazem Neisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Short And Long Term

scholarly journals Short and Long-Term Variations in Serum Calciotropic Hormones after a Single Very Large Dose of Ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2) or Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) in the Elderly

2008 ◽  
Vol 93 (8) ◽  
pp. 3015-3020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Romagnoli ◽  
Maria Lucia Mascia ◽  
Cristiana Cipriani ◽  
Valeria Fassino ◽  
Franco Mazzei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Large Dose ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Vitamin D2 ◽  
Calciotropic Hormones ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Long Term Variations

The Short- and Long-Term Outcomes of Pancreatic Resection for Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma in Patients Older Than 75 Years

2016 ◽  
Vol 101 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 554-561
Author(s):  
Toru Aoyama ◽  
Masaaki Murakawa ◽  
Yosuke Atsumi ◽  
Keisuke Kazama ◽  
Manabu Shiozawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Pancreatic Resection ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Surgical Mortality ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Group A ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Group B

The short- and long-term outcomes of pancreatic resection for pancreatic adenocarcinoma have not been fully evaluated in elderly patients. This retrospective study selected patients who underwent curative surgery for pancreatic cancer at our institution. Patients were categorized into 2 groups: nonelderly patients (age < 75 years; group A) and elderly patients (age ≥ 75 years; group B). The surgical morbidity, surgical mortality, overall survival (OS), and recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates in the 2 groups were compared. A total of 221 patients were evaluated in the study. The overall complication rates were 44.8% in group A and 52.6% in group B. Surgical mortality was observed in 2 patients due to an abdominal abscess and cardiovascular disease in group A (1.1%) and in 1 patient due to postoperative bleeding in group B (2.6%). There were no significant differences (P = 0.379 and P = 0.456, respectively). Furthermore, the 5-year OS and RFS rates were similar between the elderly patients and nonelderly patients (18.55 versus 20.2%, P = 0.946 and 13.1% versus 16.0%, P = 0.829, respectively). The short-term outcomes and long-term survival after pancreatic resection for pancreatic adenocarcinoma were almost equal in the elderly and the nonelderly patients in this study. Therefore, it is unnecessary to avoid pancreatic resection for pancreatic adenocarcinoma in elderly patients simply because of their age.

Speech‐language pathology care and short‐ and long‐term outcomes of oropharyngeal cancer treatment in the elderly

2017 ◽  
Vol 128 (6) ◽  
pp. 1403-1411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly T. Webster ◽  
Donna Tippett ◽  
Marissa Simpson ◽  
Rina Abrams ◽  
Kristine Pietsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Oropharyngeal Cancer ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
Short And Long Term
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