The Early Neolithic at the Muge Shellmiddens (Portugal): Analysis and Review of the Ceramic Evidence from Cabeço da Amoreira

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Ruth Taylor ◽  
Daniel García-Rivero ◽  
Célia Gonçalves ◽  
João Cascalheira ◽  
Nuno Bicho
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Ceramic Assemblage ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Detailed Review ◽  
Mineralogical Characteristics ◽  
Central Portugal ◽  
Non Local

This article, on the Early Neolithic pottery from the Cabeço da Amoreira shellmidden in the Muge region of central Portugal, presents a detailed review of the evidence to date and a systematic analysis of the decorative and mineralogical characteristics of the stratified and radiocarbon-dated ceramic assemblage. A homogenous pottery manufacturing tradition seems to be present right from the beginning, including both local and non-local ceramics. The authors formulate a working hypothesis on the geographic origin of the exogenous pottery, which contributes to the discussion of the dynamics of mobility and social networks in the Neolithization of south-western Europe.

Ivan Turgenev als Netzwerker: Digitale Kuratierung seiner europäischen, insbesondere deutschen literarischen Kontakte (am Beispiel seines Briefwechsels vom Juni 1868 bis Mai 1869)

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-242
Author(s):  
Larissa Polubojarinova ◽  
Werner Frick ◽  
Gesa von Essen ◽  
Katja Hauser ◽  
Olga Kulishkina
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Network Visualization ◽  
Weak Ties ◽  
Tabular Form ◽  
Important Mediator ◽  
Paul Heyse ◽  
Qualitative Level ◽  
Literary Figure ◽  
Epistemological Model

The Russian writer Ivan Sergeevič Turgenev (1818–83), who lived in Western Europe (Germany, England, and France) during the second half of his life, is considered the most important mediator between Russia and Europe in the nineteenth century due to his wide and intensive contacts in East and West. The paper aims to trace Turgenev’s literary and cultural contacts using the epistemological model of the net and current methods of analyzing social networks on a quantitative and qualitative level. In concrete terms, Turgenev’s postal relations from a single year (from June 1868 to May 1869) are presented and evaluated in tabular form and as GEPHI graphs. Beyond the purely quantitative network visualization and viewing, the attempt is made to provide a cultural weighting of the exchange, especially of Turgenev’s German contacts. The network-specific weighting of these contacts results in a different emphasis than usual in Turgenev research, which focuses on Turgenev’s contacts with important German writers. The qualitative analysis carried out on the basis of the visualization shows that Turgenev’s contacts with literary celebrities such as Theodor Storm, Berthold Auerbach, and Paul Heyse proved to be weak ties. In contrast, his relationship with the little-known literary figure Ludwig Pietsch deserves to be called a strong tie. Turgenev’s position and agency in the network can be described with Burt as a “broker” attitude.

scholarly journals Changes in disease burden in Poland, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the GBD Study 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Ganczak ◽  
T Miazgowski ◽  
M Kozybska ◽  
A Kotwas ◽  
M Korzeń ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Integrated Response ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Circulatory Diseases

Abstract Background In Poland, a comprehensive analysis describing trends in disease burden for major conditions has never been published. The study objective was to use the GBD database to assess disease burden in Poland, evaluate changes in population health between 1990-2017, and compare Poland with other Central European (CE) countries. Methods The results of GBD 2017 for 1990 and 2017 for Poland were used to assess rates and trends in years YLLs, YLDs, DALYs. Results Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardized YLL rates for all causes declined in Poland by 46.0%, YLD rates declined by 4.0%, and DALY rates by 31.7%. Greater relative declines were observed for females regarding YLLs/YLDs. There was a decrease in communicable, maternal, neonatal and nutritional disease DALYs (48.2%); DALYs due to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) decreased 2.0%. In 2017, Poland performed better than CE as a whole (ranked 4th for YLLs, 6th for YLDs and 5th for DALYs) and achieved greater reductions in YLLs and DALYs than most CE countries. In both 2017 and 1990, the leading cause of YLLs and DALYs in Poland was ischemic heart disease (IHD), of YLDs - low back pain. In 2017, the top 20 causes of YLLs and YLDs in Poland and CE were the same, although the order was different. In Poland, age-standardized DALYs from neonatal causes, other cardiovascular and circulatory diseases, and road injuries declined substantially between 1990 and 2017, while alcohol use disorders and chronic liver diseases increased. The highest observed-to-expected ratios (OER) were seen for alcohol use disorders for YLLs, neonatal sepsis for YLDs, and falls for DALYs (3.21, 2.65 and 2.03 respectively). Conclusions Improvement in Health in Poland has been observed since 1990. In 2017 the country outperformed CE as a whole for YLLs, YLDs and DALYs. While the health gap between Poland and Western Europe has diminished, it remains substantial. IHD is still the leading cause of disease burden in Poland, but DALYs from IHD are declining. Key messages In the light of dramatic shortage/aging of the workforce and low public health expenditure, the observed rise in NCDs and between-gender inequalities pose a challenge for the Polish health-care system. To minimize the gap between Poland and Western Europe, an integrated response, which addresses the causes of death and ill-health, particularly those for which rates have increased, is urgently needed.

scholarly journals New Radiocarbon Dates for the Early Neolithic of the Western Mediterranean

Radiocarbon ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 831-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel van Willigen ◽  
Irka Hajdas ◽  
Georges Bonani
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Regional Group

Understanding of processes that determined the expansion of farming and animal husbandry in south-western Europe is hampered by poor chronologies of the early Neolithic in this region. This paper presents new radiocarbon dates, which are used to construct such a chronological frame for a regional group of the most important culture of the early Neolithic in the western Mediterranean: the Cardial culture.

scholarly journals The Mesolithic–Neolithic transition in southern Iberia

2012 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Cortés Sánchez ◽  
Francisco J. Jiménez Espejo ◽  
María D. Simón Vallejo ◽  
Juan F. Gibaja Bao ◽  
António Faustino Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
North African ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Subsistence Strategies ◽  
Neolithic Transition ◽  
Population Turnover ◽  
Southern Iberia ◽  
Upwelling Intensity

New data and a review of historiographic information from Neolithic sites of the Malaga and Algarve coasts (southern Iberian Peninsula) and from the Maghreb (North Africa) reveal the existence of a Neolithic settlement at least from 7.5 cal ka BP. The agricultural and pastoralist food producing economy of that population rapidly replaced the coastal economies of the Mesolithic populations. The timing of this population and economic turnover coincided with major changes in the continental and marine ecosystems, including upwelling intensity, sea-level changes and increased aridity in the Sahara and along the Iberian coast. These changes likely impacted the subsistence strategies of the Mesolithic populations along the Iberian seascapes and resulted in abandonments manifested as sedimentary hiatuses in some areas during the Mesolithic–Neolithic transition. The rapid expansion and area of dispersal of the early Neolithic traits suggest the use of marine technology. Different evidences for a Maghrebian origin for the first colonists have been summarized. The recognition of an early North-African Neolithic influence in Southern Iberia and the Maghreb is vital for understanding the appearance and development of the Neolithic in Western Europe. Our review suggests links between climate change, resource allocation, and population turnover.

scholarly journals Investigations through the virtual platforms of institutions that develop biomaterials and their relationship with sustainability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Vicente Da S. Júnior ◽  
Theska Laila De F. Soares ◽  
Amilton José Vieira de Arruda
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Biological Origin

Recently, many companies and academic laboratories have emerged formulating new materials of biological origin for use in artifacts, in response to a scenario of unsustainability. This work aimed to investigate institutions that developed biomaterials, focusing on those that had real applications. In this sense, through social networks, several representative examples of the theme were found and analyzed from a qualitative perspective. In addition to an analysis of data collected through images and texts published on these platforms, it was also possible to map other data such as geographic origin, reach and engagement of the analyzed institutions. The results indicate that Instagram’s artificial intelligence was valid to suggest different profiles that had to do with the research, such virtual platforms facilitate the perception and faster visualization of these biomaterials, however for a deeper analysis it was not so efficient, although they serve to disseminate and stimulate new initiatives in this context.

scholarly journals What Accounts for the Variation in COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Eastern, Southern and Western Europe?

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimiter Toshkov
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Online Social Networks ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns

Attitudes towards vaccination have proven to be a major factor determining the pace of national COVID-19 vaccination campaigns throughout 2021. In Europe, large differences in levels of vaccine hesitancy and refusal have emerged, which are highly correlated with actual vaccination levels. This article explores attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination in 27 European countries based on data from Eurobarometer (May 2021). The statistical analyses show that demographic variables have complex effects on vaccine hesitancy and refusal. Trust in different sources of health-related information has significant effects as well, with people who trust the Internet, social networks and ‘people around’ in particular being much more likely to express vaccine skepticism. As expected, beliefs in the safety and effectiveness of vaccines have large predictive power, but – more interestingly – net of these two beliefs, the effects of trust in Internet, online social networks and people as sources of health information are significantly reduced. This study shows that the effects of demographic, belief-related and other individual-level factors on vaccine hesitancy and refusal are context-specific. Yet, explanations of the differences in vaccine hesitancy across Europe need to consider primarily different levels of trust and vaccine-relevant beliefs, and to a lesser extent their differential effects.

scholarly journals Understanding Human-Computer Interaction Patterns: A Systematic Analysis of Past and Future Innovations

Webology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-272
Author(s):  
Erlina Puspitaloka Mahadewi ◽  
Sudar mo ◽  
Elkana Timotius ◽  
Doharman Lumban Tungkup ◽  
Chairul Insani Ilham
Keyword(s):  
Human Computer Interaction ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Interaction Patterns ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Detailed Review ◽  
Development Period ◽  
Computer Interaction

The paper's aim was to further understand the human-computer interaction complexities of past and future advances that have profoundly altered the human development period. After doing a detailed review of many international journals on a similar subject, we decided to take this method. We depend on current data gleaned from Google Scholar searches performed between the years 2-010 and 2021 to resolve this problem. Then we investigate it using a phenomenological approach, beginning with coding, calculation, and interpretation to arrive at precise and reliable final findings. We may infer from the data review that human-computer contact is a sequence of protocols, dialogues, and actions that humans participate in in order to communicate with machines, all of which include input and guidance via a gui in order to obtain the desired outcome.

Emerging divided cities in China: Socioeconomic segregation in Shanghai, 2000–2010

Urban Studies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 1338-1356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Shen ◽  
Yang Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Institutional Factors ◽  
High Status ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Chinese Cities ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Socioeconomic Segregation ◽  
First Time

Compared with North America and Western Europe, Chinese cities used to feature a low extent of socioeconomic segregation. However, systematic analysis of the changes in socioeconomic segregation after the end of the provision of welfare housing is needed. Using residential-committee-level data from the fifth and sixth censuses of Shanghai, for the first time, this article systematically charts changes in socioeconomic segregation in Chinese cities over the period 2000–2010. Along with the emergence of high-status neighbourhoods and migrant neighbourhoods, Shanghai has grown more divided based on individual socioeconomic status. The extent of socioeconomic segregation in Shanghai was comparable to that of large US and European cities. While patterns of sociospatial divisions are different across central and suburban areas, the level of educational segregation becomes greater than that of hukou segregation. The crucial role of housing commodification in driving these changes highlights the importance of contextual and institutional factors in understanding the dynamics of segregation.

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