Scientific Progress and Collective Attitudes

Episteme ◽

10.1017/epi.2021.6 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-20

Author(s):

Keith Raymond Harris

Keyword(s):

Social Epistemology ◽

True Belief ◽

Scientific Progress ◽

Social Dimensions ◽

Psychological States ◽

Epistemic Attitude ◽

Epistemic States ◽

The Social ◽

The Face ◽

Strategy I

Abstract Psychological-epistemic accounts take scientific progress to consist in the development of some psychological-epistemic attitude. Disagreements over what the relevant attitude is – true belief, knowledge, or understanding – divide proponents of the semantic, epistemic, and noetic accounts of scientific progress, respectively. Proponents of all such accounts face a common challenge. On the face of it, only individuals have psychological attitudes. However, as I argue in what follows, increases in individual true belief, knowledge, and understanding are neither necessary nor sufficient for scientific progress. Rather than being fatal to the semantic, epistemic, and noetic accounts, this objection shows that these accounts are most plausible when they take the psychological states relevant to scientific progress to be states of communities, rather than individuals. I draw on recent work in social epistemology to develop two ways in which communities can be the bearers of irreducible psychological-epistemic states. Each way yields a strategy by which proponents of one of the psychological-epistemic accounts might attempt to account for the social dimensions of scientific progress. While I present serious reasons for concern about the first strategy, I argue that the second strategy, at least, offers a promising path forward for a psychological-epistemic account of scientific progress.

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Introduction

10.1093/oso/9780190609610.003.0001 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Katrina Hutchison ◽

Catriona Mackenzie ◽

Marina Oshana

Keyword(s):

Moral Responsibility ◽

Social Epistemology ◽

Feminist Philosophy ◽

Relational Autonomy ◽

Social Dimensions ◽

Philosophical Literature ◽

The Social ◽

Social Theories ◽

Scant Attention

This introduction distinguishes ways the social dimensions of moral responsibility have been investigated in recent philosophical literature: some theories highlight the interpersonal dimensions of moral responsibility practices; some explicate the interlocutive properties of morally reactive exchanges; while others seek to explain the role of the social environment in scaffolding agency. Despite the rise of social approaches, philosophers have paid scant attention to the implications of inequalities of power for theorizing about moral responsibility. The remainder of the introduction articulates a set of problems posed by contexts of structural injustice for theories of moral responsibility and highlights the relevance of recent work in feminist philosophy on relational autonomy and social epistemology for understanding and addressing these problems. The introduction notes the overlaps and differences between the concepts of autonomy and moral responsibility and offers preliminary reflections on how debates about relational autonomy might bear on social theories of moral responsibility.

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The foundations of social epistemology

Theoria Beograd ◽

10.2298/theo1301005c ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 56 (1) ◽

pp. 5-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Angelo Corlett

Keyword(s):

Social Epistemology ◽

True Belief ◽

Communication Theory ◽

Potential Problem ◽

Philosophical Inquiry ◽

The Past ◽

Traditional Epistemology ◽

The Social ◽

Analytical Philosopher ◽

Applied Epistemology

There is no more prolific analytical philosopher than Alvin I. Goldman when it comes to social epistemology. During the past two decades, he has done more than any other analytical philosopher to set the tone for how social epistemology ought to be conceptualized. However, while Goldman has provided numerous contributions to our understanding of how applied epistemology can assist not only philosophy, but other fields of learning such as the sciences, law, and communication theory, there are concerns with the way he conceptualizes the foundations of social epistemology. One is that he somewhat problematically partitions off social epistemology from traditional analytic epistemology in ways that make the latter, but not the former, naturalistic and reliabilist (on his construal of naturalism and reliabilism). Another difficulty is that he seems not to recognize that social epistemology poses a rather embarrassingly potential problem for traditional epistemology, namely, it exposes traditional epistemology?s excessive individualism. That Goldman seems not to recognize this is evidenced by the fact that in his conceptualization of the foundations of epistemology he retains traditional epistemology as an area of philosophical inquiry on its own terms, without arguing that elements of the social might well have to be taken into account by traditional analyses of human knowledge. Thus, to put it in the terms of another social epistemologist, Steve Fuller, Goldman?s social epistemology is not revisionistic, though Goldman himself insists that it is normative. This leads to a third problem for Goldman?s social epistemology, namely, that it contains no justified true belief analysis of the nature of social knowledge.

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Epistemology and Education: An Incomplete Guide to the Social-Epistemological Issues

Episteme ◽

10.3366/epi.2004.1.2.129 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 129-137 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Harvey Siegel

Keyword(s):

Social Epistemology ◽

Theory And Practice ◽

Social Dimensions ◽

The Core ◽

Leading Role ◽

The Social ◽

Core Areas ◽

Parent Discipline ◽

Knowledge Claims ◽

Philosophical Questions

Recent work in epistemology has focused increasingly on the social dimensions of knowledge and inquiry. Education is one important social arena in which knowledge plays a leading role, and in which knowledge-claims are presented, analyzed, evaluated, and transmitted. Philosophers of education have long attended to the epistemological issues raised by the theory and practice of education (along with the moral, metaphysical, social-political, and mind/language issues so raised). While historically philosophical issues concerning education were treated alongside other philosophical issues, in recent times the former set of issues have been largely neglected by philosophers working in the core areas of the discipline. Interestingly, the rise of social epistemology has been accompanied by a renewed interest by mainstream philosophers in philosophical questions concerning education. Whether or not this accompaniment is accidental, or is legitimately explainable in terms of broad intellectual, philosophical, or social/political currents and movements, I will not endeavor to address here. The increasing respectability of and philosophical interest in both social epistemology and philosophy of education are in any case salutary developments, each signaling both a broadening of the set of interests and issues deemed legitimate by practitioners of the parent discipline, and an increased willingness to take seriously the philosophical problems raised by the ubiquitous social/communal effort to transmit/transform culture(s) by way of education.

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Towards generative fatherhood. Analysis of the social dimensions of the phenomenon.

Studia z Teorii Wychowania ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0015.0460 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol XII (2(35)) ◽

pp. 169-184

Author(s):

Anna Walczak

Keyword(s):

Social Dimensions ◽

Professional Work ◽

Parental Roles ◽

Child Research ◽

The Social ◽

The Face ◽

Research Findings ◽

Generative Fathering ◽

Father Role ◽

Satisfactory Relationship

In the face of the changes taking place in the area of parental roles and the expanding range of possibilities of fulfilling the father role (from the uninvolved father, the mother's helper to the father as an equal parent or even the primary caregiver), there is a need to take into account individual, individual and social aspects. The concept of generative fathering, understood as equal participation in all aspects of childcare, offers such an opportunity because it refers to men's motivations and aspirations, and at the same time describes the institutional basis of changes. The presented article characterizes the factors conducive to the development of generative orientation: egalitarian relationship with child’s mother, professional work that gives space for implementation in other areas of life and the possibility of creating a satisfactory relationship with the child. Research findings relating to the links between professional work of both parents and paternal commitment, and to the participation of fathers in childcare, suggest that generativity - when analyzed in a social context - is not a common father experience.

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EVIDÊNCIAS DE VULNERABILIDADES IMPLICADAS COM O PROCESSO DE CUIDADO ALIMENTAR NO CONTEXTO DA MATERNIDADE NA ADOLESCÊNCIA

Revista Interdisciplinar de Estudos em Saúde ◽

10.33362/ries.v7i2.1426 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 110-124

Author(s):

Roberta Lamonatto Taglietti ◽

Carla Rosane Paz Arruda Teo

Keyword(s):

Health Sector ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Point Of View ◽

Social Dimension ◽

Adolescent Mother ◽

Care Process ◽

Social Dimensions ◽

The Social ◽

The Face ◽

The Individual

Este estudo de abordagem qualitativa teve como objetivo apontar e discutir as situações que vulnerabilizam a mãe adolescente diante do cuidado alimentar com o filho do ponto de vista das dimensões individual, social e programática. Participaram do estudo nove adolescentes, que responderam a uma entrevistasemiestruturada, sendo os dados explorados por análise de conteúdo temática. Na dimensão individual se destacaram aspectos relativos a saúde biológica, trajetória pessoal, recursos pessoais e intersubjetividade, o que representou um determinante para que as adolescentes buscassem por ajuda no exercício de sua maternidade. Na dimensão social fica evidente as relações de gênero, relações intergeracionais e processo de estigmatização, indicando a adolescente como um indivíduo em relação, com múltiplas influências sociais que conduzem ou explicam, em alguma medida, suas ações diante do cuidado alimentar com a criança. Na dimensão programática, os resultados apontam para programas e políticas específicas, articulação intersetorial e organização do setor saúde, com suporte limitado para o desenvolvimento da função materna das adolescentes, como provedoras de alimentos para seus filhos. A pesquisa apontou evidências de vulnerabilidades nas dimensões individual e social, as quais não encontram resposta no nível programático, deixando a adolescente ainda mais fragilizadas diante da maternidade.Palavras-chave: Adolescência. Maternidade. Vulnerabilidade em Saúde. EVIDENCES OF VULNERABILITIES INVOLVED WITH THE FOOD CARE PROCESS IN THE CONTEXT OF MATERNITY IN ADOLESCENCE ABSTRACT: This qualitative study aimed at pointing out and discussing the situations that make the adolescent mother vulnerable to child care from the point of view of the individual, social and programmatic dimensions. Nine adolescents, who answered a semi-structured interview, participated in the study, and the data was analyzed by thematic content analysis. In the individual dimension, aspects related to biological health, personal trajectory, personal resources and intersubjectivity were highlighted, which represented a determinant for the adolescents to seek help in the exercise of their motherhood. In the social dimension, gender relations, intergenerational relations and the stigmatization process are evident, indicating the adolescent as an individual in relation, with multiple social influences that lead or explain, to some extent, their actions regarding the food care with the child. In the programmatic dimension, the results point to specific programs and policies, intersectoral articulation and organization of the health sector, with limited support for the development of the maternal function of adolescents as providers of food for their children. The research pointed to evidences of vulnerabilities in the individual and social dimensions, which do not find an answer at the programmatic level, leaving the adolescent even more fragile in the face of motherhood.Keywords: Adolescent. Parenting. Health Vulnerability.

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Effectiveness of Social Interactivity in Merchant Websites on Emotional and Behavioral Responses

10.4018/978-1-7998-7545-1.ch014 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 324-342 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sihem ben Saad ◽

Fatma Choura

Keyword(s):

Perceived Risk ◽

Behavioral Responses ◽

Social Dimension ◽

Flow State ◽

Social Dimensions ◽

Psychological States ◽

Internet Users ◽

Proposed Model ◽

The Social ◽

Remote Environment

In a context of hyper connectivity, the designers of commercial websites are constantly seeking to generate favorable psychological states among internet users and to re-enchant them. This research aims to study the effect of the interaction between the social dimensions of interactivity on psychological states and the approach behavior of the e-consumer. Experimentation is chosen as the most appropriate method for testing the proposed model. An online experiment was conducted with 662 internet users. A merchant website was designed for the purposes of the study incorporating the interaction forms investigated. The results of this research underline the power of the social dimension of interactivity in the mediated market environments and show that a socially interactive site can generate the user's flow state, as well as a feeling of being physically present in a remote environment. This relation is moderated by the perceived risk.

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Fakir Baykurt’un Almanya öykülerinde Türk göçmen çocukları

GÖÇ DERGİSİ ◽

10.33182/gd.v3i1.553 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 5-28

Author(s):

Efnan Dervişoğlu

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Migrant Workers ◽

Life Experiences ◽

Main Theme ◽

Social Dimensions ◽

Home Life ◽

Literary Forms ◽

The Social ◽

The Subject ◽

Life Education

Almanya’ya işçi göçü, neden ve sonuçları, sosyal boyutlarıyla ele alınmış; göç ve devamındaki süreçte yaşanan sorunlar, konunun uzmanlarınca dile getirilmiştir. Fakir Baykurt’un Almanya öyküleri, sunduğu gerçekler açısından, sosyal bilimlerin ortaya koyduğu verilerle bağdaşan edebiyat ürünleri arasındadır. Yirmi yılını geçirdiği Almanya’da, göçmen işçilerle ve aileleriyle birlikte olup işçi çocuklarının eğitimine yönelik çalışmalarda bulunan yazarın gözlem ve deneyimlerinin ürünü olan bu öyküler, kaynağını yaşanmışlıktan alır; çalışmanın ilk kısmında, Fakir Baykurt’un yaşamına ve Almanya yıllarına dair bilgi verilmesi, bununla ilişkilidir. Öykülere yansıyan çocuk yaşamı ise çalışmanın asıl konusunu oluşturmaktadır. “Ev ve aile yaşamı”, “Eğitim yaşamı ve sorunları”, “Sosyal çevre, arkadaşlık ilişkileri ve Türk-Alman ayrılığı” ile “İki kültür arasında” alt başlıklarında, Türkiye’den göç eden işçi ailelerinde yetişen çocukların Almanya’daki yaşamları, karşılaştıkları sorunlar, öykülerin sunduğu veriler ışığında değerlendirilmiş; örneklemeye gidilmiştir. Bu öyküler, edebiyatın toplumsal gerçekleri en iyi yansıtan sanat olduğu görüşünü doğrular niteliktedir ve sosyolojik değerlendirmelere açıktır. ENGLISH ABSTRACTMigration and Children in Fakir Baykurt’s stories from GermanyThe migration of workers to Germany has been taken up with its causes, consequences and social dimensions; the migration and the problems encountered in subsequent phases have been stated by experts in the subject. Fakir Baykurt’s stories from Germany, regarding the reality they represent, are among the literary forms that coincide with the facts supplied by social sciences. These stories take their sources from true life experiences as the products of observations and experiences with migrant workers and their families in Germany where the writer has passed twenty years of his life and worked for the education of the worker’s children; therefore information related to Fakir Baykurt’s life and his years in Germany are provided in the first part of the study. The life of children reflected in the stories constitutes the main theme of the study. Under the subtitles of “Family and Home Life”, “Education Life and related issues”, “Social environment, friendships and Turkish-German disparity” and “Amidst two cultures”, the lives in Germany of children who have been raised in working class families and who have immigrated from Turkey are evaluated under the light of facts provided by the stories and examples are given. These stories appear to confirm that literature is an art that reflects the social reality and is open to sociological assessments.KEYWORDS: Fakir Baykurt; Germany; labor migration; child; story

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Politeness Strategies and Social Dimensions in Once Upon A Time Season 1 Movie Series: Sociopragmatics Study

English Journal Literacy UTama ◽

10.33197/ejlutama.vol3.iss1.2019.34 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 18-25

Author(s):

HENDAR HENDAR ◽

BUNGA GALUH ANDRETTA TRISNANDI

Keyword(s):

Social Distance ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Social Dimension ◽

Analysis Method ◽

Social Dimensions ◽

Social Distance Scale ◽

Politeness Strategies ◽

The Face ◽

Qualitative Descriptive ◽

Research Show

The purposes of this research are to find out the types of politeness strategies used to save the face of the characters in Once Upon A Time season 1 and to identify the dominant scale of social dimensions when using politeness strategies in Once Upon A Time season 1. This research uses qualitative-descriptive analysis method and to get the data needed in this research the writer did the following steps: watching the movies, transcribing the speech, searching the data, classifying the data, analyzing the data and drawing a conclusion related to the types of politeness strategies and the dominant scale of social dimensions. The source of the data used is taken from the serial film Once Upon A Time season 1 by Edward Kitsis dan Adam Horowitz. The results of this research show that there are four types of politeness strategies found in the serial film Once Upon A Time season 1. They are 10 data of bald on-record (28,6%), 8 data of positive politeness strategies (22,9%), 13 data of negative politeness strategies (37,1%) and 4 data of off-record consists (11,4%) and the most dominant scale of four social dimension scales is social distance scale 14 data (40%).

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