scholarly journals COVID-19 Pandemic: Influence of Relationship Status on Stress, Anxiety, and Depression in Canada

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Nnamdi Nkire ◽  
Izu Nwachukwu ◽  
Reham Shalaby ◽  
Marianne Hrabok ◽  
Wesley Vuong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Text Messaging ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Relationship Status ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Objective: To examine the impact of relationship status on levels of stress, anxiety, and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic, to identify the relationship groups who are at greater risk, thereby facilitating channelling of appropriate support to these individuals. Methods: The sample was drawn from individuals who subscribed to the Text4Hope program, a cognitive behavioural therapy inspired text messaging service developed to support Albertans during the COVID-19 pandemic. A survey link was sent to the subscribers to ascertain their relationship status and assess psychopathology using the Perceived Stress Scale-10(PSS-10), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Data analysis was carried out using SPSS-26 for descriptive statistics. Results: Within the first six weeks of the pandemic, 8,267 of 44,992 subscribers responded to the online survey giving a response rate of 19.4%. Mean scores on the PSS, GAD-7, and PHQ-9 were highest among those who were single and lowest amongst those who were widowed. Overall, mean scores on the PHQ-9 were higher in groups self-identified as separated or divorced in comparison to those with partners including the categories of married or cohabiting. Conclusions: Relationship status during the COVID-19 pandemic has an influence on the mental health of individuals. Our findings highlight relationship groups at risk of mental health problems during the pandemic and for whom treatments and mitigation should be targeted.

scholarly journals The Real Cost of Sickness-absence in Mental Health: A Cognitive Behavioural Perspective

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
A. Dovey ◽  
S. Wilday
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Real Cost ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
The Individual

The number of employees experiencing psychological problems related to occupational stress has increased rapidly in Western countries and mental illness is now cited as one of the top three causes of certified sickness absence.Worldwide economic issues are now synthesising various cultural beliefs and behaviours and should Western factors have an influence then one could presume workplace mental health problems will increase worldwide. The presentation will focus on the literature pertaining to the potential function of sickness absence for the individual as well as the known maintenance factors for anxiety and depression from a CB perspective.The presentation will highlight that the basic CB premise of emotional disorder implicates the potential for an individuals response to symptoms to have a maintenance role in the course of both anxiety and depression. The potential impact of sickness absence for anxiety and depression via the loss of the benefits of employment (e.g. structure, activity and social contact) the potential for the development of sick role behaviour (e.g. reduced activity, social isolation) as well as the reinforcement of avoidant coping are considered significant.In conclusion the presenters propose that sickness absence for individuals with anxiety and/or depression can function as a maintenance factor for both disorders. The implications for the future use of sickness absence as a standalone intervention within this group will be discussed. The audience will have an opportunity to reflect on the potential effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy within the workplace

The Real Cost of Sickness-absence in Mental Health: A Cognitive Behavioural Perspective

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
A. Dovey ◽  
S. Wilday
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Real Cost ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
The Individual

The number of employees experiencing psychological problems related to occupational stress has increased rapidly in Western countries and mental illness is now cited as one of the top three causes of certified sickness absence.Worldwide economic issues are now synthesising various cultural beliefs and behaviours and should Western factors have an influence then one could presume workplace mental health problems will increase worldwide. The presentation will focus on the literature pertaining to the potential function of sickness absence for the individual as well as the known maintenance factors for anxiety and depression from a CB perspective.The presentation will highlight that the basic CB premise of emotional disorder implicates the potential for an individuals response to symptoms to have a maintenance role in the course of both anxiety and depression. The potential impact of sickness absence for anxiety and depression via the loss of the benefits of employment (e.g. structure, activity and social contact) the potential for the development of sick role behaviour (e.g. reduced activity, social isolation) as well as the reinforcement of avoidant coping are considered significant.In conclusion the presenters propose that sickness absence for individuals with anxiety and/or depression can function as a maintenance factor for both disorders. The implications for the future use of sickness absence as a standalone intervention within this group will be discussed. The audience will have an opportunity to reflect on the potential effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy within the workplace

Tranquility: An evaluation and co-design of an internet-based cognitive-behavioural therapy (iCBT) program for anxiety and depression (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alissa Pencer ◽  
Victoria C. Patterson ◽  
Meghan A. Rossi ◽  
Lori Wozney
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Therapeutic Principles ◽  
Preliminary Study

BACKGROUND Internet-based cognitive-behavioural therapy (iCBT) is a necessary step towards increasing the accessibility of mental health services. Yet, few iCBT programs have been evaluated for their fidelity to therapeutic principles of CBT or usability standards. Additionally, many existing iCBT programs do not include treatments targeting both anxiety and depression – commonly co-occurring conditions. OBJECTIVE Evaluate the usability and fidelity of Tranquility, a novel iCBT program for anxiety, to CBT principles, and engage in a co-design process to adapt Tranquility to include treatment elements for depression. METHODS CBT experts (n = 6) and mental health informed peers (n = 6) reviewed the iCBT program Tranquility. CBT experts assessed Tranquility’s fidelity to CBT principles and were asked to identify necessary interventions for depression using two simulated client case examples. Mental health informed peers engaged in two co-design focus groups to discuss adaptations to the existing anxiety program and the integration of interventions for depression. Both groups completed online surveys assessing Tranquility’s usability and the likelihood that they would recommend the program. RESULTS CBT experts’ mean rating of Tranquility’s fidelity to CBT was 91%, indicating a high fidelity to CBT. Five out of six CBT experts and all mental health informed peers (88% of participants) rated Tranquility as satisfactory, indicating that they may recommend Tranquility to others, and they rated its usability highly (M = 76.56, SD = 14.07). Mental health informed peers provided suggestions about how to leverage engagement with Tranquility (e.g., add incentives, notification control). CONCLUSIONS This preliminary study demonstrated Tranquility’s strong fidelity to CBT and usability standards. Results highlight the importance of involving stakeholders in the co-design process and future opportunities to increase engagement.

scholarly journals Coping During Covid-19 Workbook

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eamon Aswad ◽  
Keith Gaynor
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Coping Skills ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Medical Support ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
The World ◽  
Mental Health Difficulties ◽  
Behavioural Strategies

2020 saw the world affected by an unprecedented pandemic. Alongside the healthrisks, the COVID-19 pandemic has created mental health difficulties for a largenumber of people. Many people are feeling anxious or depressed, in ways that they might never have before.This eight module Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Workbook is designed to support those who are struggling with symptoms of anxiety and depression because of the COVID-19 crisis. This workbook has been created to provide psycho-education and self-help techniques to manage COVID-19 related distress.The workbook includes a variety of cognitive and behavioural strategies including;mindfulness exercises, gradual exposure to feared situations, physical coping skills, reducing unhelpful behaviours that contribute to anxiety (e.g. avoidance), reducing worry, maintaining identity and testing out beliefs about COVID-19.It is recommended that this workbook can be completed by anyone who is over the age of eighteen. The Coping During COVID-19 Workbook doesn’t replace formal psychological or medical support but may be an additional resource.

Psychiatry

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel McMullen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Outpatient Clinics ◽  
Personal Stories ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
The Uk ◽  
State Examination

Mental health problems are estimated to affect one in four people each year in the UK, making mental illness one of the commonest presentations to GP surgeries, outpatient clinics, and Emergency Departments. Yet many doctors and medical students feel uncertain about how to approach patients with a psychiatric disorder. The key to becoming a good psychiatrist lies in the clinical interview. There are few physical signs or investigations that allow doctors to diagnose psychiatric illness, so a detailed history and mental state examination are important. As a psychiatrist, you are in the privileged position of having patients tell you their personal stories, and the skill is in listening attentively and asking relevant questions to help to clarify parts of the story. The best way to practise these techniques is to watch experienced clinicians at work and to interview patients yourself. Obviously diagnosis is important, so you need to be aware of the types of symptoms that fit with each type of disorder, as well as the medical conditions that may mimic psychiatric illness. Investigations may be necessary to rule out other diseases, and you need to be able to request these appropriately. Psychiatrists have access to a range of treatments—medical (e.g. antidepressants), psychological (e.g. cognitive behavioural therapy), and physical (e.g. electroconvulsive therapy)—and you need to know which ones to recommend. Most of these treatments are delivered in conjunction with the multidisciplinary team, so you should be clear about the roles of each team member. Finally, there is overlap between psychiatry and the law, which can raise interesting ethical issues. It is sometimes necessary to treat a person against their will, for the safety of that person or others, so you need to know about mental health law. Psychiatrists are also often requested to provide a second opinion in difficult capacity assessments.

scholarly journals Perception of Health Conditions and Test Availability as Predictors of Adults’ Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Survey Study of Adults in Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 5498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiyang Dai ◽  
Stephen X. Zhang ◽  
Kim Hoe Looi ◽  
Rui Su ◽  
Jizhen Li
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Curvilinear Relationships ◽  
Perception Of Health ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Research identifying adults’ mental health during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic relies solely on demographic predictors without examining adults’ health condition as a potential predictor. This study aims to examine individuals’ perception of health conditions and test availability as potential predictors of mental health—insomnia, anxiety, depression, and distress—during the COVID-19 pandemic. An online survey of 669 adults in Malaysia was conducted during 2–8 May 2020, six weeks after the Movement Control Order (MCO) was issued. We found adults’ perception of health conditions had curvilinear relationships (horizontally reversed J-shaped) with insomnia, anxiety, depression, and distress. Perceived test availability for COVID-19 also had curvilinear relationships (horizontally reversed J-shaped) with anxiety and depression. Younger adults reported worse mental health, but people from various religions and ethnic groups did not differ significantly in reported mental health. The results indicated that adults with worse health conditions had more mental health problems, and the worse degree deepened for unhealthy people. Perceived test availability negatively predicted anxiety and depression, especially for adults perceiving COVID-19 test unavailability. The significant predictions of perceived health condition and perceived COVID-19 test availability suggest a new direction for the literature to identify the psychiatric risk factors directly from health-related variables during a pandemic.

Client Contact in Self-Help Therapy for Anxiety and Depression: Necessary But Can Take a Variety of Forms Beside Therapist Contact

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
France Talbot
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Service Delivery ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Mental Health Service Delivery ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Multiple Trials ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Self-administered therapies (SATs) have been promoted as a way to increase access to evidence-based mental health services. Recent meta-analyses and literature reviews suggest that SATs with clinical guidance are more effective than SATs with no contact for the treatment of anxiety and depression. However, little attention has been paid to the role of nonguidance contact, contact that does not involve the provision of assistance in the application of specific therapy techniques such as emails to encourage treatment adherence. The present article examines the impact of nonguidance contact on the outcomes of SATs for anxiety and depression. Electronic databases were searched to identify studies conducted over the past two decades by independent research teams that have tested cognitive-behavioural SATs over multiple trials. Findings suggest that the involvement or guidance of a therapist is not essential for SATs to produce significant benefits as long as nonguidance contact is provided. It is suggested that even very minimal levels of nonguidance contact increase SAT's outcomes by motivating treatment engagement and improving adherence. The benefit of SATs that can be accessed directly by large numbers of individuals and that do not require therapist involvement to ensure efficacy can potentially significantly increase the cost effectiveness and quality of mental health service delivery.

scholarly journals Psychological distress and resilience in a sample of Adolescents and Young Adults with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Jacobson ◽  
Rebecca Mulholland ◽  
Nicola Miller ◽  
Laura Baker ◽  
Daniel Glazer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBACKGROUNDAdolescents and young people (AYA) with cancer are at greater risk of psychological distress which can impact treatment. COVID-19 has resulted in changes to cancer care delivery and AYA have been disproportionately affected by economic and educational effects of COVID-19, potentially impacting on mental health. Understanding the impact of COVID-19 on AYA with cancer is important to inform care.METHODSOnline survey of 16-24 year olds receiving cancer treatment at 8 cancer centres in the UK in December 2020. We measured: self-perceived increased anxiety since COVID-19, impact of COVID-19 on treatment, life and relationships and used the 8-item Patient Health Questionnaire(PHQ-8), 7-item Generalised Anxiety Disorder Scale(GAD) and the 2-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC).RESULTS112 AYA participated (17.8% of total eligible). 62.8% were female, 67.3% were 21-24 years. 83% were white. 59.8% had previously experienced mental health difficulties. 67.9% received cancer treatment during the pandemic and 33.9% were diagnosed during the pandemic. 78.6% reported COVID-19 having a significant impact on their life, 55.4% on their key relationship and 39.3% on their treatment. 79% reported experiencing some degree of increased anxiety since COVID-19.43.4% had moderate-severe PHQ-8 scores and 37.1% for GADS-7. Self-report of impact on life was associated with greater anxiety during COVID-19 and moderate-severe PHQ-8 score (OR 3.64, 95% CI 2.52 to 19.40, p <0.01; OR 5.23, 95%CI 1.65 to 16.56, p < 0.01). Impact on relationships was associated with greater anxiety and moderate-severe GADS-7and PHQ-8 score (OR 2.89, 95% CI 1.11 to 7.54, p = 0,03; OR 3.54, 95% CI 2.32 to 15.17, p<0.01; OR 2.42, 95% CI 1.11 to 5.25, p =0.03). Greater CD-RISC score was associated with lower risk of anxiety and mod-severe GADS-7and PHQ-8 scores (OR 0.58, 95%CI 0.41 to 0.81, p <0.01; OR 0.55 95% CI 0.4 to 0.72, p <0.01; OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.69, p <0.01)CONCLUSIONSWe found high levels of psychological distress in AYA with cancer, which is important knowledge for clinical teams working with this age group. Perceived impact of COVID-19 on relationships and life was predictive of poorer mental health, with resilience a potential protective factor.

scholarly journals Are dietary patterns differently associated with differentiated levels of mental health problems? Results from a large cross-sectional study among Iranian manufacturing employees

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e020083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Heidari ◽  
Awat Feizi ◽  
Hamidreza Roohafza ◽  
Katayoun Rabiei ◽  
Nizal Sarrafzadegan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Workplace Health Promotion ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesThe present study aimed to classify participants based on mental health problems profile and to evaluate its relationship with dietary patterns among Iranian manufacturing employees.DesignObservational study with a cross-sectional design.SettingThis study was conducted in Esfahan Steel Company, one of the biggest Iranian industrial manufacturing companies.ParticipantsComplete data on 2942 manufacturing employees, with a mean (SD) age of 36.68 (7.31) years, were analysed.Outcome measuresHospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADA) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) were used to evaluate anxiety and depression and psychological distress, respectively.ResultsThree major dietary patterns, namely ‘western’, ‘healthy’ and ‘traditional’, were extracted using factor analysis. A two-class, one-factor structure was identified from study participants in terms of mental health problems profile based on the factor mixture model. Two identified classes were labelled as ‘low mental health problems’ (2683 manufacturing employees, 91.2%) and ‘high mental health problems’ (259 individuals, 8.8%). After adjusting for the impact of potential confounders, manufacturing employees in the highest tertile of healthy dietary pattern had lower odds of being in the high mental health problems profile class (OR=0.67, 95% CI 0.49 to 0.92). In contrast, greater adherence to Western and traditional dietary patterns was associated with increased odds of being in the high mental health problems class (OR=1.66, 95% CI: 1.18 to 2.35 and OR=1.52, 95% CI :1.10 to 2.11, respectively).ConclusionsOur study provided informative pathways on the association of dietary patterns and mental health among manufacturing employees. The findings can be used by workplace health promotion policymakers in improving mental health in such study population. Interventional and prospective studies that investigate the effects of change in dietary patterns on the mental health of manufacturing employees are suggested.

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