A Meta-Analytic Review of Gender-Role Dimensions and Relationship Satisfaction

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian P. Ta
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Satisfaction ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Analytic Review

Multilevel meta-analytic techniques were used to examine the overall relationship between self-reported gender-role dimensions (psychological femininity and psychological masculinity) and self-reported relationship satisfaction. Twenty-six studies (43 effect sizes) were included in the femininity-relationship satisfaction meta-analysis, and 26 studies (43 effect sizes) were included in the masculinity-relationship satisfaction meta-analysis. Femininity revealed a stronger association with relationship satisfaction than masculinity: there was a medium relationship (r= .28) between femininity and relationship satisfaction and a small relationship (r= .13) between masculinity and relationship satisfaction. Sex/gender was not a moderator in either meta-analysis. Publication biases were not detected. Implications and recommendations are discussed.

scholarly journals Effective Components of School-Based Prevention Programs for Child Abuse: A Meta-Analytic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne Gubbels ◽  
Claudia E. van der Put ◽  
Geert-Jan J. M. Stams ◽  
Mark Assink
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Program Effectiveness ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
School Based ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
Program Components ◽  
Self Protection

AbstractSchool-based programs seem promising for child abuse prevention. However, research mainly focused on sexual child abuse and knowledge is lacking on how individual program components contribute to the effectiveness of school-based prevention programs for any form of child abuse. This study aimed to examine the overall effect of these school-based programs on (a) children’s child abuse-related knowledge and (b) self-protection skills by conducting two three-level meta-analyses. Furthermore, moderator analyses were performed to identify how program components and delivery techniques were associated with effectiveness. A literature search yielded 34 studies (158 effect sizes; N = 11,798) examining knowledge of child abuse and 22 studies (99 effect sizes; N = 7804) examining self-protection skills. A significant overall effect was found of school-based programs on both knowledge (d = 0.572, 95% CI [0.408, 0.737], p < 0.001) and self-protection skills (d = 0.528, 95% CI [0.262, 0.794], p < 0.001). The results of the first meta-analysis on children’s child abuse knowledge suggest that program effects were larger in programs addressing social–emotional skills of children (d = 0.909 for programs with this component versus d = 0.489 for programs without this component) and self-blame (d = 0.776 versus d = 0.412), and when puppets (d = 1.096 versus d = 0.500) and games or quizzes (d = 0.966 versus d = 0.494) were used. The second meta-analysis on children’s self-protections skills revealed that no individual components or techniques were associated with increased effectiveness. Several other study and program characteristics did moderate the overall effects and are discussed. In general, school-based prevention programs show positive effects on both knowledge and self-protection skills, and the results imply that program effectiveness can be improved by implementing specific components and techniques.

Dysfunctional meta-cognitive beliefs across psychopathology: A meta-analytic review

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. s225-s225 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Sun ◽  
S.H.W. So ◽  
C. Zhu ◽  
P.W.L. Leung
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
Cognitive Beliefs ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
And Coping

IntroductionIt is assumed that dysfunctional meta-cognitive beliefs about one's thoughts increase problematic appraisals and coping behaviors, which further contribute to the development of mental disorders (Wells and Matthews, 1994; Wells, 2000). Although this research interest originated around generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), recent studies have begun to examine similar meta-cognitive processes in other disorders. The majority of studies using Meta-cognitions Questionnaire (MCQ; Cartwright-Hatton & Wells, 1997) and its variants to assess meta-cognitive beliefs.ObjectivesWe conducted a meta-analysis to integrate empirical findings on group differences in meta-cognitive beliefs between healthy individuals and patients with various psychiatric disorders.MethodsWe followed the PRISMA guideline (Liberati et al., 2009). A systematic literature search was conducted. We included studies that involved a diagnosed psychiatric group and healthy controls (aged 18 or above), reported group comparisons of metacognition, and were published during the period of 1990–27 August 2015. Effect sizes were computed.ResultsA final set of 43 studies was included. Large combined effect sizes were found on each subdomain of the MCQ, indicating increased levels of dysfunctional meta-cognitive beliefs in patients. Subgroup analyses were carried out based on psychiatric diagnosis (i.e. psychosis, n = 10; GAD, n = 7; obsessive-compulsive disorder, OCD, n = 15; anorexia nervosa, n = 5). All patient groups were more dysfunctional on each subtype of meta-cognitive beliefs than controls. Effect size of U/D was particularly large for GAD, and that of CSC was particularly large for OCD.ConclusionsDysfunctional meta-cognitive beliefs are evident across several psychiatric disorders, with specific types of beliefs being more marked in certain diagnoses.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The Effects of Exercise on Mood in Older Adults: A Meta-Analytic Review

2000 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn M. Arent ◽  
Daniel M. Landers ◽  
Jennifer L. Etnier
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Exercise Prescription ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Moderating Variables ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
Experimental Versus

This meta-analysis examined the exercise-mood relationship in older adults. 158 effect sizes (ESs) from 32 studies were grouped intoexperimental-versus-control, gains, and correlational ESs. Each study was coded for moderator variables related to descriptive, design, participant, exercise, and mood-assessment characteristics. Experimental-versus-control ESs for negative (NA) and positive affect (PA) were 0.35 (p < .05) and 0.33 (p > .05), respectively, with an overall ES of 0.34, p < .05. The gains ESs for NA and PA in an exercise group were 0.39 (p < .05) and 0.35 (p < .05), respectively, with an overall ES of 0.38, p < .05. All effects were significantly greater than those for the control groups. Correlational ESs of 0.47 and 0.42 were found for NA and PA. respectively. It was concluded that chronic exercise is associated with improved mood in the elderly. Moderating variables and implications for exercise prescription to improve mood in the elderly are discussed.

scholarly journals Laboratory aggression and personality traits: A meta-analytic review

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtland Hyatt ◽  
Amos Zeichner ◽  
Josh Miller
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Precise Measurement ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Methodological Rigor ◽  
Analytic Review

Among operationalizations of aggression, laboratory paradigms are unique in that they permit precise measurement of aggression while controlling for many possible confounds (e.g., levels of provocation). In the current undertaking, we conducted a meta-analysis of the relations between laboratory aggression and trait-based personality constructs thought to be among the most robust and consistent predictors of lab aggression, including traits from the predominant model of general personality (Big Five/Five Factor Model [FFM]), as well as personality disorder constructs including psychopathy, narcissism, and sadism. Our search yielded 54 usable studies containing 123 effect sizes. Random-effects models suggest that psychopathy, narcissism, sadism, and low FFM Agreeableness are significant predictors of laboratory aggression with small to moderate effect sizes. Impulsivity and FFM Openness also showed significant relations, though they were smaller in magnitude. Thus, traits related to aggression outside of the laboratory also appear to be related to aggression in the laboratory. Suggestions are made for future research in this area, including an emphasis on causal mechanisms and methodological rigor.

Arthritis self-efficacy beliefs and functioning among osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis patients: a meta-analytic review

Rheumatology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 948-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd Jackson ◽  
Ting Xu ◽  
Xiaojun Jia
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Distress ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Pain Severity ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
Control Pain ◽  
And Control ◽  
Substantial Heterogeneity

Abstract Objectives The Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale (ASES) is a widely used self-report measure of beliefs reflecting confidence in one’s capacity to function despite pain and control pain or other symptoms of arthritis. Despite evidence linking higher ASES scores to lower levels of impairment, pain and emotional distress, numerous modest, non-significant associations have also been observed. In this meta-analysis, we evaluated overall associations between ASES scores and adjustment in RA and OA samples as well as potential moderators that may explain the heterogeneity in these associations. Method Data from 48 samples that met all 10 inclusion criteria (N = 9222 patients) were subject to analyses. Results ASES scores had significant medium average effect sizes with functional impairment, pain severity and emotional distress but substantial heterogeneity was evident for each association. ASES–impairment associations were moderated by the diagnosis, ASES version and ASES subscale content: significantly larger effect sizes were found for studies that included RA patients, used the original 20-item ASES and assessed subscale content reflecting the pursuit of daily activities despite pain (i.e. functional self-efficacy) than for studies based exclusively on OA patients, the eight-item ASES and ASES pain control and other symptom subscales. Relations of ASES scores with pain severity and emotional distress were moderated by ASES version and subscale content, respectively. Conclusion The ASES has significant overall associations with key areas of functioning. Moderator analyses of the measure provide empirically grounded suggestions for optimal use of the ASES within OA and RA patient samples.

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK SEEKING AND EXCESSIVE REASSURANCE SEEKING BEHAVIOR AND DEPRESSION: A META-ANALYTIC REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 788-823
Author(s):  
Scott Wakeling ◽  
Arthur A. Stukas ◽  
Bradley J. Wright ◽  
Lynette Evans
Keyword(s):  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Feedback Seeking ◽  
Reassurance Seeking ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
Excessive Reassurance Seeking ◽  
Moderate Effect

Introduction: Negative feedback seeking and excessive reassurance seeking behaviors in interpersonal relationships have been shown to frequently occur in conjunction with levels of depression. Method: We used meta-analysis to examine 102 studies (134 effects), relating depression with negative feedback seeking (k = 31) and/or excessive reassurance seeking (k = 103). Results: Depression had positive, moderate effect sizes with both negative feedback seeking (r = .26, 95% CI [.21, .32], p < .001, k = 31) and excessive reassurance seeking (r = .33, 95% CI [.31, .36] p < .001, k = 103). Subgroup analysis revealed the effect size for negative feedback seeking was smaller in romantic relationships compared to other relationship types. Effect sizes for excessive reassurance seeking did not differ for romantic and other relationships but were smaller in romantic relationships of a longer duration. Participant gender and symptom severity did not moderate effect sizes. Studies with child and adolescent samples had larger effects for negative feedback seeking and smaller effects for excessive reassurance seeking, relative to adult samples. Discussion: Longer closer relationships may protect against maladaptive interpersonal behaviors in individuals with depression.

scholarly journals Social Support and Antibody Responses to Vaccination: A Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 567-574
Author(s):  
Bert N Uchino ◽  
Joshua Landvatter ◽  
Katherine Zee ◽  
Niall Bolger
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Integration ◽  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
Antibody Levels

Abstract Background Social support and social integration have been linked to lower rates of morbidity and mortality. However, the biological mechanisms responsible for such links need greater attention. Vaccine paradigms provide an integrative window into immune system involvement in the protective influence of social support/integration. Purpose The main aim of this article was to conduct a meta-analytic review of the association between social support/social integration and antibody responses to vaccines. Exploratory analyses also examined effect sizes and confidence intervals as a function of several factors to inform future research. Method A literature search was conducted using the ancestry approach and with PsycInfo, Medline, and the Psychology and Behavioral Science Collection by crossing the exact keywords of social support or social integration with vaccine or antibodies. The review identified nine studies with a total of 672 participants. Results The omnibus meta-analysis showed that social support/social integration was related to higher antibody levels following vaccination, but the average effect size was small and the lower bound of the confidence interval included zero (Zr = 0.06 [−.04, .15]). These results did not appear to differ much as a function of the operationalization of social relationships, participant age, or follow-up period, although effect sizes appeared larger for studies using a primary antigen. Conclusions These data provide some evidence that social support may be linked to antibody responses to vaccines. However, effect sizes are mostly small and zero overall effect cannot be ruled out. Future studies would benefit from larger sample sizes and greater consideration of methodological issues associated with secondary immune responses to antigen.

A Meta-Analysis of the Antecedents of Career Commitment

2020 ◽  
pp. 106907272095698
Author(s):  
Dan Zhu ◽  
Peter Beomcheol Kim ◽  
Simon Milne ◽  
In-Jo Park
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Career Commitment ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Psychology Research ◽  
Applied Psychology ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
Career Growth

Career commitment refers to one’s emotional attachment to one’s career rather than to one’s current working organization. While career commitment has been studied for decades as an important construct in applied psychology research, robust conclusions about its antecedents have not been drawn by empirical research. To address this issue, this research presents the results of a meta-analytic review of the antecedents of career commitment based on data from 156 individual studies (N = 58,651) conducted between 1980 and 2019. A total of 52 latent antecedents were captured and categorized into five different groups, and the strength, direction and heterogeneity of the relations between career commitment and its antecedents were meta-analytically investigated. Our findings revealed that while individual attributes (e.g. age) alone were weak predictors of career commitment, psychological (e.g. job satisfaction) and organizational factors (e.g. organizational career growth) exhibited medium effect sizes. In addition, among job-related factors, autonomy demonstrated a relatively strong influence on career commitment. The implications are elucidated for researchers and practitioners in the light of these key findings.

scholarly journals The bilingual advantage in children: a meta-analytic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandra J Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Executive Attention ◽  
Bilingual Advantage ◽  
Language Status ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
Considerable Debate

There is considerable debate about whether bilingual children are advantaged in executive functioning relative to monolingual children. The current meta-analysis addressed this debate by comprehensively reviewing the available evidence. Here, we synthesized data from published studies and unpublished datasets, which equated to 1209 effect sizes from 10,672 bilingual and 12,289 monolingual participants aged 3- to 17-years. Consistent with the bilingual advantage hypothesis, bilingual language status had a small effect on children’s executive functions (g =.08, 95% CI [.01, .14]). However, this effect was indistinguishable from zero after adjusting for bias (g=-.04, 95 % CI [-.12, .05]). Further, no significant effects were apparent within the executive attention, where the effects of language status are thought to be most pronounced (g =.08, 95% CI [.01, .14]). Results, therefore, suggest that the bilingual advantage in children’s executive control is small, variable, and potentially not attributable to the effect of language status.

scholarly journals Psychosocial interventions for children and adolescents after man-made and natural disasters: a meta-analysis and systematic review

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 1893-1905 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Brown ◽  
A. Witt ◽  
J. M. Fegert ◽  
F. Keller ◽  
M. Rassenhofer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Psychosocial Treatments ◽  
Analytic Review

Children and adolescents are a vulnerable group to develop post-traumatic stress symptoms after natural or man-made disasters. In the light of increasing numbers of refugees under the age of 18 years worldwide, there is a significant need for effective treatments. This meta-analytic review investigates specific psychosocial treatments for children and adolescents after man-made and natural disasters. In a systematic literature search using MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO, as well as hand-searching existing reviews and contacting professional associations, 36 studies were identified. Random- and mixed-effects models were applied to test for average effect sizes and moderating variables. Overall, treatments showed high effect sizes in pre–post comparisons (Hedges' g = 1.34) and medium effect sizes as compared with control conditions (Hedges' g = 0.43). Treatments investigated by at least two studies were cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT), eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), narrative exposure therapy for children (KIDNET) and classroom-based interventions, which showed similar effect sizes. However, studies were very heterogenic with regard to their outcomes. Effects were moderated by type of profession (higher level of training leading to higher effect sizes). A number of effective psychosocial treatments for child and adolescent survivors of disasters exist. CBT, EMDR, KIDNET and classroom-based interventions can be equally recommended. Although disasters require immediate reactions and improvisation, future studies with larger sample sizes and rigorous methodology are needed.

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