scholarly journals From holism to compositionality: memes and the evolution of segmentation, syntax, and signification in music and language

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEVEN JAN
Keyword(s):  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Logical Form ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Information Encoding ◽  
Modern Language ◽  
Conceptual Structures ◽  
Music And Language ◽  
Initial Support ◽  
The One ◽  
Universal Darwinism

abstractSteven Mithen argues that language evolved from an antecedent he terms “Hmmmmm, [meaning it was] Holistic, manipulative, multi-modal, musical and mimetic”. Owing to certain innate and learned factors, a capacity for segmentation and cross-stream mapping in early Homo sapiens broke the continuous line of Hmmmmm, creating discrete replicated units which, with the initial support of Hmmmmm, eventually became the semantically freighted words of modern language. That which remained after what was a bifurcation of Hmmmmm arguably survived as music, existing as a sound stream segmented into discrete units, although one without the explicit and relatively fixed semantic content of language. All three types of utterance – the parent Hmmmmm, language, and music – are amenable to a memetic interpretation which applies Universal Darwinism to what are understood as language and musical memes. On the basis of Peter Carruthers’ distinction between ‘cognitivism’ and ‘communicativism’ in language, and William Calvin’s theories of cortical information encoding, a framework is hypothesized for the semantic and syntactic associations between, on the one hand, the sonic patterns of language memes (‘lexemes’) and of musical memes (‘musemes’) and, on the other hand, ‘mentalese’ conceptual structures, in Chomsky’s ‘Logical Form’ (LF).

scholarly journals Innovative technologies and living spaces; Updated living standards according to the evolution of homo sapiens

2020 ◽  
pp. 91-108
Author(s):  
Alp Karaca
Keyword(s):  
French Revolution ◽  
Social Life ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Social Lives ◽  
The One

Homosapiens is the common family name for contemporary human beings. There are different kinds of homo species but the most recent one with the most improved abilities are human beings of the present era, who have adapted themselves to the new technologies and life conditions by improving themselves. The substantial improvements in technology started with the French Revolution in 1799. Initially, technology helped human beings in the production and industry sectors. Thereafter, in the 1990s, technology penetrated living spaces, firstly helping with household duties and then impacting social life, first with the radio and later with the television. Living spaces started to change through the organisation of spaces, and most houses were organised according to location reserved for the television. This is the biggest change brought about by technology in living spaces. The expectations of human beings were on the rise simultaneously with economic welfare and consumption-based demands. In the 2000s, phyisical limitations occurred, while expectations increased even more. These were constraints over time, materials and economy, and the solution came from technology via virtual reality and generated cyber spaces, which were without limits, economical and surpassed the built environments. Due to the lack of physical conditions, built envionments ceded their place to virtual living spaces and virtual cities. In the present study, data collection was undertaken via a study of innovations within living spaces and also via an observation of social lives within living spaces. The present article aims to present what can be foreseen, on the basis of cause and effect, concerning the impacts of the current evolution on the one hand and massive outbreaks of viruses on the other hand, the impacts on the physical spaces of the homosapiens species that have succeeded in adapting to all the changes that they have come across from their beginnings until the present era, the impacts that both phenomena will have on the current living standards and living spaces of humans and what changes human living spaces will undergo in the ongoing process of evolution. Human beings will continue renewing themselves throughout the said phenomena before concluding their process of evolution.   Keywords: Innovative, technology, living spaces, living standards, homosapiens.

The Birth of New Russian Meanings (the 10th – Beginning of the 13th Centuries)

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 381-410
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Perevezentsev
Keyword(s):  
Political Thought ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

The article examines the development of Christian truths by ancient Russian thinkers in the first centuries after the Baptism of Russia – from the end of the 10th to the 13th centuries. On the one hand, it shows the contradictory process of Christianization of different social groups of ancient Russian society. On the other hand, Russian spiritual and political thought of this period is analyzed, and the semantic content of the first Russian Christian writings is revealed, from the “Words on Law and Grace” by Metropolitan Hilarion of Kiev to Vladimir Monomakh’s “Teachings” and Daniel Zatochnik’s “Word”. The research allows us to say that in the course of understanding the main Christian dogmas, Russian spiritual and political thinkers substantiated new and eternal meanings of historical and posthumous existence.

Substance and Cognition of Biological Phenomena

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-71
Author(s):  
Piotr Lenartowicz
Keyword(s):  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Chemical Substance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Natural Behavior ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Biological Phenomena ◽  
The One ◽  
Living Being

Biologists are not used to the term „substance". They prefer to say „a living being", „an organism", a „specimen of species Homo sapiens'' - for instance. Chemists, on the other hand, when they say „this is a new substance" they usually mean the same Aristotle would mean - I think. The chemical meaning of the term „substance" is closest to the one I am going to discuss in this paper. To know a substance, one has to accumulate and store a multitude of different forms of evidence concerning this „natural behavior". So that concept of the „nature" of a given chemical substance is necessarily very complex and it cannot result from a single sensation, or a momentary observation

Controlling for Pongoland

2020 ◽  
pp. 145-193
Author(s):  
Nicolas Langlitz
Keyword(s):  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Comparative Psychology ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
The Social ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Truth Claims ◽  
Cultural Primatology ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Opening Up

This chapter investigates how Christophe Boesch's colleague and codirector Michael Tomasello derived truth claims about the anthropological difference between Homo sapiens and Pan troglodytes from controlled experiments comparing the social cognition of human children with that of grown chimpanzees. Tomasello's claim that humans were the only primates capable of culture and cooperation received an enthusiastic reception by German philosophers. Yet Boesch called into question the validity of Tomasello's findings by pointing out that the social behavior of both humans and apes was too contingent on local circumstances for Leipzig kindergarten children and zoo chimpanzees rescued from a Dutch pharmaceutical company to represent all of humanity and chimpanzeehood. He accused Tomasello of not controlling for the different conditions under which Tomasello tested humans and apes. The ensuing controversy over the relationship between laboratory work and fieldwork happened at a time when new statistical methods were opening up vast new possibilities for chimpanzee ethnography, even fostering hopes that experimentation with captive animals would become superfluous because uncontrolled observations in the wild would allow the establishment of causal relations. The chapter then assesses whether Boesch's cultural primatology could inform a different philosophical anthropology than the one drawing from Tomasello's comparative psychology.

The Grammar of Subjectivity

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
Jonardon Ganeri
Keyword(s):  
Logical Form ◽  
Conscious State ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Phenomenological Interpretation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Affected Subject

There is a commonly agreed way to articulate the logical form of a conscious state: it a state such that there is something it is like for a subject to be in it. This formula has the important virtue that it enables us to separate out two distinct aspects in the phenomenology of an experience: what is experienced, the ‘quality’ of the experience; and how it is experienced, that it is experienced as being for-a-subject. A careful examination of the syntax of the ‘what it’s like …’ construction reveals that the colloquial phrase ‘subject of experience’ is polysemic. On the one hand it might mean the subject in whom the experience is occurring. Let me call this the ‘locative of manifestation’. This host self, an inhabited self, is more commonly identified with the physical human being, or the human being’s brain or neuropsychological state, but Pessoa gives instead a phenomenological interpretation of the notion. The phrase might also mean the subject affected by the experience. The affected subject is the one to whom the experience is addressed, so I will call this the ‘accusative of manifestation’. The accusative of manifestation is, evidently, conceptually distinct from the locative of manifestation. Finally, the phrase might mean the subject who is undergoing the experience, the one who lives through the experience, the ‘dative of manifestation.’

Civil rites

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Bax ◽  
Nanne Streekstra
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Modern Language ◽  
Multiple Meaning ◽  
Cultural Elite ◽  
Ritual Language ◽  
The One ◽  
Special Category

We shall be concerned with a mode of epistolary politeness that marks a special category of ritual language use. Taking examples from the correspondence between Hooft and Huygens, two notable representatives of the Dutch Republic’s cultural elite, we will establish, first, that the notions and methods of the modern language-and-politeness paradigm are well-suited tools for exploring politeness phenomena occurring in seventeenth-century Dutch. Next we will argue that, in cases like the one under study, negatively polite ostentation is by and large a ritual affair, particularly since the use of subservient phrases and other expressions according to the humiliative mode is generally a game, rather than earnestly paying deference. As regards the issue of playful make-believe politeness, it will be contended that early modern society was quite preoccupied with various genres of “deceit”, artistic and otherwise, and took much pleasure in the witty exploitation of multiple meaning design, also when it concerned doing the civil thing.

Social and cultural determinants of self-realization in today’s service

Servis plus ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
Владислав Шекелета ◽  
Vladislav Shekeleta ◽  
Василий Ивахнов ◽  
Vasiliy Ivakhnov ◽  
Ирина Герасимова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Production ◽  
Modern Language ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Marxist Approach ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Economic Formation ◽  
Optimization Services

In article through the prism of social and cultural approaches to human personality and human activities, authors examine the nature of self-realization of the individual. The authors defend an original theory of the determinationproducing abilities cultural derivatives. On the other hand, the person, as shown in the article is the major determinant of the productive forces of society. The authors of the article rehabilitate in a certain sense the Marxist approach to the relation of individual and society, where the ability of the human is the product of work alienated from the worker; this product can be considered in the context of the categories of “service”, “product of social production” and so on. The article shows the conjugation of the three spectrums of solving the problems of human abilities; they are using the methodology of socio-cultural approach, using the perspective of philosophical anthropology, in the categorical field of psychological discourse. It’s provided by a person who acts simultaneously as an object and as a subject of social relationships, as a result, active life position, a certain strategy of behavior, a tendency to a kind of unique activities have great value towards socialization. The importance of such consideration is connected, on the one hand, with the need of “translating” philosophical problems of psychology and management in the modern language services sector, on the other hand with need to determine conditions for self-realization, and other spiritual factors of human existence in the modern capitalist production. Following consideration of the accompanying considered problem issues (psychological culture, professional development, optimization services and others.); the authors conclude that the social and cultural determination of personality self-actualization creates a dynamic variety of life strategies prejudicing a persons’ ability to realize adequately them in the market in the post-capitalist socio-economic formation.

X.—Other Dialectal Forms in Tennessee

PMLA ◽  
1891 ◽  
Vol 6 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 171-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calvin S. Brown
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The South ◽  
Modern Language ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Trace Back ◽  
Complete Survey ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

The subject of this paper as announced some time ago in the programme of this convention, is not exactly the one which it should bear. In a former paper, published in the Modern Language Notes, I tried to trace back a number of our peculiar words and speech usages to an earlier period of the language, using Shakespeare as a basis. In the present paper this method of procedure has been attempted only incidentally. In other words, I invite your attention to a study of a few of the peculiarities of the language as found in Tennessee, regardless of their origin and history. It is not to be supposed, however, that the forms pointed out are limited to one particular state or to a small territory. On the other hand, most of them are found throughout the larger portion of the South, and many of them are common over the whole country. Nothing like a complete survey of the field, or a strict classification of the material gathered, has been attempted, and many of the words treated have been discussed by others. A few cases of bad pronunciation have been noticed, rather as an index of characteristic custom than as showing anything new.

scholarly journals Neurophysiology and Neurorehabilitation of Cognitive Impairment and Disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 176-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Romanchuk ◽  
P. Romanchuk
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Hand Tools ◽  
New Methods ◽  
The One ◽  
New Generation ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Neuroimaging Techniques ◽  
Modern Solution

Doctor and neurophysiologist: a modern solution to problems of rehabilitation ‘cognitive brain’ of Homo sapiens using on the one hand, tools and technologies of artificial intelligence, and with another — a multidisciplinary collaboration with clinical neurophysiologist ‘universal’ specialist in the field of neurology, psychiatry, psychotherapy, psychoanalysis and geriatrics. Modern artificial intelligence technologies are capable of many things, including predicting Alzheimer’s disease with the help of combined and hybrid neuroimaging, sequencing of a new generation, etc., in order to start timely and effective rehabilitation brain H. sapiens. The H. sapiens brain is the next frontier for health care. Through the fusion of combined and hybrid neuroimaging techniques with artificial intelligence technologies, it will be possible to understand and diagnose neurological disorders and find new methods of rehabilitation and medical and social support that will lead to improved mental health. To restore circadian neuroplasticity of the brain, a multimodal scheme is proposed: circadian glasses, functional nutrition and physical activity. A combined and hybrid cluster in the diagnosis, treatment, prevention and rehabilitation of cognitive disorders and cognitive disorders has been developed and implemented.

scholarly journals Spectrum of protein localization in proteomes captures evolutionary relation between species

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valérie Marot-Lassauzaie ◽  
Tatyana Goldberg ◽  
Burkhard Rost
Keyword(s):  
Protein Function ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Protein Localization ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Prediction Methods ◽  
Systematic Bias ◽  
Human Protein Atlas ◽  
Species Comparisons ◽  
The One ◽  
Evolutionary Comparisons

AbstractThe native subcellular localization or cellular compartment of a protein is the one in which it acts most often; it is one aspect of protein function. Do ten eukaryotic model organisms differ in their location spectrum, i.e. the fraction of its proteome in each of its seven major compartments? As experimental annotations of locations remain biased and incomplete, we need prediction methods to answer this question. To gauge the bias of prediction methods, we merged all available experimental annotations for the human proteome. In doing so, we found important values in both Swiss-Prot and the Human Protein Atlas (HPA). After systematic bias corrections, the complete but faulty prediction methods appeared to be more appropriate to compare location spectra between species than the incomplete more accurate experimental data. This work compared the location spectra for ten eukaryotes: Homo sapiens, Gorilla gorilla, Pan troglodytes, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, Drosophila melanogaster, Anopheles gambiae, Caenorhabitis elegans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Overall, the predicted location spectra were similar. However, the detailed differences were significant enough to plot trees and 2D (PCA) maps relating the ten organisms using a simple Euclidean distance in seven states, corresponding to the seven studied localization classes. The relations based on the simple predicted location spectra captured aspects of cross-species comparisons usually revealed only by much more detailed evolutionary comparisons.

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