Civil aviation and the environment – the next frontier for the aerodynamicist

2006 ◽  
Vol 110 (1110) ◽  
pp. 469-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Green
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Aircraft Design ◽  
Air Travel ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Aircraft Emissions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Work Done ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn the coming century, the impact of air travel on the environment will become an increasingly powerful influence on aircraft design. Unless the impact per passenger kilometre can be reduced substantially relative to today’s levels, environmental factors will increasingly limit the expansion of air travel and the social benefits that it brings. The three main impacts are noise, air pollution around airports and changes to atmospheric composition and climate as a result of aircraft emissions at altitude. The lecture will review the work done within the Air Travel – greener by Design programme to assess the technological, design and operational possibilities for reducing these impacts. The main aeronautical disciplines all have something to contribute but it is in aerodynamics that the greatest opportunities appear to lie. If these opportunities are pursued, the aircraft in production in 2050 could be very different from those of 2005. It is for the aerodynamicists, supported by the structures and systems engineers and the materials scientists, to make the case for a radical leap.

Passenger aircraft emissions analysis at Ordu-Giresun International Airport, Turkey in 2017

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilkay Orhan
Keyword(s):  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Aircraft Emissions ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Emission Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
International Airport ◽  
Engine Emission ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this study is to present the pollutant gas produced by hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) and the quantity of fuel burned from commercial aircraft at Ordu-Giresun International Airport, Turkey during the landing and take-off (LTO) cycles in 2017. Design/methodology/approach The flight data recorded by the General Directorate of State Airports Authority and the aircraft engine emission data from International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Engine Exhaust Emission Databank were used for calculation. The aircraft and engine types used by the airlines for flight at Ordu-Giresun International Airport were determined. To evaluate the effect of taxi time on emission amounts, analysis and evaluations were made by taking different taxi times into consideration. Findings As a result of the emission analysis, the amount of fuel consumed by the aircraft were calculated as 6,551.52 t/y, and the emission amounts for CO, HC and NOx were estimated as 66.81, 4.20 and 79.97 t/y, respectively. Practical implications This study is aimed to reveal the effect and contribution of taxi time on the emitted emission at the airport during the LTO phase of the aircraft. Originality/value This study helps aviation authorities explain the importance of developing procedures that ensure the delivery of aircraft to flights in minimum time by raising awareness of the impact of taxi time on emitted emissions, and contributes to the determination of an aircraft emission inventory at Ordu-Giresun International Airport.

Socio-Technical Approaches for Optimal Organizational Performance

2019 ◽  
pp. 39-70
Author(s):  
Tetiana Shmelova ◽  
Yuliya Sikirda
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Technical System ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
International Civil Aviation Organization ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
The Social ◽  
External Management ◽  
The Impact

In this chapter, the authors present a socio-technical system for optimal organizational performance at aviation enterprises such as air navigation system as socio-technical system. The authors made an analysis of the International Civil Aviation Organization documents on risk assessment and the impact of the social environment on the aviation system. The authors obtained the results of the evaluation of non-professional factors: determination of the social-psychological impact on decision making of human-operator by identifying the preferences for organizational performance. The structural analysis of internal and external management environment of aviation enterprise was carried out. And, as follows from the analysis, inhomogeneous factors that influence the aviation activity were classified, formalized, and systematically generalized using set-theoretical approach. The influence of factors of internal and external management environment on the aviation enterprise's activity was determined.

scholarly journals Capturing the Impact of Public Narrative: Methodological Challenges Encountered and Opportunities Opened

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 160940692110501
Author(s):  
Emilia Aiello ◽  
Teresa Sorde-Marti
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Leadership Practice ◽  
Methodological Challenges ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One ◽  
Work Done ◽  
The Impact

Public narrative is a leadership practice of translating values into action. It links the three elements of self, us, and now: why I am called, why we are called, and why we are called to act now. Taught and learned for more than 15 years now through various learning environments (in-person or online courses, in-person or online workshops, etc.), the Narratives4Change research project (H2020, Nr. 841355) aimed at studying how public narrative is being used by individuals as a leadership practice within different domains of practice and across diverse cultural and geographical contexts, as well as what are the impacts achieved. An endeavor never carried before, capturing evidence of impact of public narrative going beyond the usage and transference posed several methodological challenges. To overcome them, we engaged in an on-going process of dialogue with researchers experienced in social impact analysis, and practitioners and leaders well experienced in using public narrative. Drawing on the work done in the framework of the Narratives4Change project, this article explains its methodological design, presenting and discussing two of the strategies adopted to capture the impact dimension, and how they were implemented. On the one hand, the communicative orientation of the mixed-methods research design of the project allowed researchers to empirically grasp the manifold agentic orientations that can be triggered by public narrative. On the other hand, how the Social Impact Open Repository criteria for social impact analysis was incorporated at the time of exploring and deepening into the social reality that was being observed sets us off on an “impact-oriented analytical mindset” that facilitated identifying evidence of impacts. Specific examples of how each of these strategies played out during the methodological design and implementation of the research are discussed, drawing lessons that can also inform the design of future research projects.

scholarly journals Benefits Measurement of a plan to reduce hypertension in a Healthcare Foundation using the BCTool

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Business Case ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Portuguese Population ◽  
Case Tool ◽  
Salt Consumption ◽  
Intervention Plan ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

The hypertension is a well know problem and associated with a high salt consuming is one of the commonest chronic diseases.To measure the impact of this consuming it has been applied the methodology provided by the Business Case tool (BC Tool), in a Portuguese foundation for elderly, in order to contribute for Intervention Plan for the reduction of hypertension which aims to reduce salt consumption in the Portuguese population and to improve the control of Hypertension through a phased reduction in salt consumption.This objective has been achieved by changing the availability of foods with lower salt contents and by decreasing the addition of salt in cooking. The results of these measures provided a substantial benefit in terms of Benefits Measurements and Cost Analysis besides the results of SROI measurement in order to obtain the social benefits of this initiative of the Intervention plan to reduce hypertension. Along these results it has been collected the suggestions for improvements that would allow the Sarah Beirão Foundation's response to the needs of its users to be improved

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Social Benefits of Financial Innovation Towns Based on SEM Model——Taking Yuhuang Shannan Fund Town as an Example

2021 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 01075
Author(s):  
Guimei Wu ◽  
Yuting Ye ◽  
Ting Li ◽  
Xueqin Chen ◽  
Shasha Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Financial Innovation ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
The Social ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
The Impact

Taking Yuhuang Shannan Fund Town as a typical example, this paper established a financial innovation characteristic town social benefit evaluation system through on-site investigation and quantitative analysis. It can be summarized into five major aspects: social and livelihood development, socioeconomic development, ecological environment, infrastructure construction and related system construction. Then we constructed a structural equation model (SEM) for the evaluation of social benefits of towns, and made the assumption that the impact of the five latent variables on the total variable of social benefits is positive. Through the first-order confirmatory factor analysis and the second-order confirmatory factor analysis of the structural equation, it is concluded that the five latent variables have a positively significant impact on the social benefits and have strong internal consistency. According to the degree of influence, effective suggestions are given from private equity and industrial foundation, which provide reference and practical guidance of the construction of financial innovative towns in the future.

Welfare State and Labor Mobility: The Impact of Bismarck's Social Legislation on German Emigration before World War I

2008 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID KHOUDOUR-CASTÉRAS
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
World War ◽  
Emigration Rate ◽  
Labor Earnings ◽  
Wage Rates ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

The rapid decline of German emigration before World War I constitutes a puzzle that traditional explanations have difficulty in solving. The article shows that the social legislation implemented by Bismarck during the 1880s—the most developed at the time—played a key role in this process. Indeed, candidates for migration considered not only the gap between “direct wages” (labor earnings) in the United States and Germany, but also the differential in “indirect wages,” that is, social benefits. In that way, Bismarck's insurance system partly offset low wage rates in Germany and furthered the fall of the emigration rate.O sprecht! warum zogt ihr von dannen?Das Neckartal hat Wein und Korn;Der Schwarzwald steht voll finstrer Tannen,Im Spessart klingt des Ålplers Horn.Wie wird es in den fremden WäldernEuch nach der Heimatberge Grün,Nach Deutschlands gelben Weizenfeldern,Nach seinen Rebenhügeln ziehn!Ferdinand Freiligrath1

scholarly journals Aircraft air pollutant emissions in Greek airports

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 528-534 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Present Situation ◽  
Air Travel ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Aircraft Emissions ◽  
High Increase ◽  
Future Expectations ◽  
Fleet Composition

During recent years special attention has been paid to various environmental impacts from aircraft emissions. The effects become more important considering the present situation in the air traffic sector and future expectations for higher air travel demands. In this paper the evolution of aircraft air pollutant emissions in Greek airports from 1980 to 2005 is analysed. The estimation of emissions, based on the EMEP/CORINAIR methodology, takes into account all flight categories (domestic, international, scheduled, charters) and all aircraft types used in civil aviation in Greece. Emissions are estimated for Landing and Take Off (LTO) cycles. Estimations cover 38 airports used by civil aviation and show a high increase of emissions, which followed the high increase of air traffic in all Greek airports. Total flights increased by 2.4 times from 1980 to 2006. Athens airport has the higher contribution to total air traffic, as well in total emissions, but with decreasing trend (59.0% in 1980 - 42.2% in 2005). Thessaloniki and Iraklion airports follow with increasing share (6.3 - 11.7% and 6.8 - 9.8% respectively). Changes in aircraft fleet composition together with changes of each airport contribution in total civil aviation traffic influenced the increase rates of each air pollutant. NOx emissions showed higher increase rates than air traffic, while VOC and CO emissions showed lower increase rates. Average per flight emissions from 1980 to 2005 have shown increased trend for NOx, decreased trend for VOC and CO and almost stable per flight emissions for SO2 and PM2.5.

Analysis of Decision-Making of Operators in Socio-Technical Systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 768-792
Author(s):  
Tetiana Shmelova ◽  
Yuliya Sikirda
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
International Civil Aviation Organization ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
The Social ◽  
Technical Systems ◽  
The Impact

In this chapter, the authors present Air Navigation System (ANS) as a Socio-technical System (STS). The evolution of Human factor's models is presented (from 1972 to present time) and the role of society in human factor (HF) models is defined. The authors made an analysis of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) documents on risk assessment and the impact of the social environment on the aviation system. The authors obtained the results of the evaluation of non-professional factors: determination the social-psychological impact on DM of human-operator (H-O) by identifying the preferences; diagnosing individual-psychological qualities of H-O ANS in the development of flight situation; monitoring of the psycho-physiological factors as emotional state H-O ANS. Authors demonstrate some interesting advantages offered by the new methodology of forecasting the behavior of the operator in emergency situation (ES).

Analysis of Decision-Making of Operators in Socio-Technical Systems

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Tetiana Shmelova ◽  
Yuliya Sikirda
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
International Civil Aviation Organization ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
The Social ◽  
Technical Systems ◽  
The Impact

In this chapter, the authors present Air Navigation System (ANS) as a Socio-technical System (STS). The evolution of Human factor's models is presented (from 1972 to present time) and the role of society in human factor (HF) models is defined. The authors made an analysis of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) documents on risk assessment and the impact of the social environment on the aviation system. The authors obtained the results of the evaluation of non-professional factors: determination the social-psychological impact on DM of human-operator (H-O) by identifying the preferences; diagnosing individual-psychological qualities of H-O ANS in the development of flight situation; monitoring of the psycho-physiological factors as emotional state H-O ANS. Authors demonstrate some interesting advantages offered by the new methodology of forecasting the behavior of the operator in emergency situation (ES).

scholarly journals The success of emissions control legislation in mitigating air pollution is higher than previously estimated

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikos Daskalakis ◽  
Kostas Tsigaridis ◽  
Stelios Myriokefalitakis ◽  
George S. Fanourgakis ◽  
Maria Kanakidou
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Anthropogenic Emissions ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. During the last 30 years significant effort has been made to improve air quality through legislation for emissions reduction. Global three-dimensional chemistry-transport simulations of atmospheric composition changes over the past three decades have been performed to assess the impact of these measures. The simulations are based on assimilated meteorology to account for the year-to-year observed climate variability and on different anthropogenic emissions scenarios of pollutants which may or may not account for air quality legislation application. The ACCMIP dataset historical emissions are used as the starting point. We show that air quality legislation has been more efficient than thought in limiting the rapid increase of air pollutants due to significant technology development. The achieved reductions in nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, black carbon and sulphate aerosols are found to be significant when comparing to simulations neglecting legislation for the protection of the environment. We also show the large tropospheric air-quality benefit from the development of cleaner technology. These 30-year hindcast simulations demonstrate that the actual benefit in air quality due to air pollution legislation and technological advances is higher than the gain calculated by a simple comparison against a constant anthropogenic emissions simulation, as is usually done. Our results also indicate that over China and India the beneficial technological advances for the air-quality have been masked by the explosive increase in local population and the disproportional increase in energy demand.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document