scholarly journals Aircraft air pollutant emissions in Greek airports

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 528-534 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Present Situation ◽  
Air Travel ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Aircraft Emissions ◽  
High Increase ◽  
Future Expectations ◽  
Fleet Composition

During recent years special attention has been paid to various environmental impacts from aircraft emissions. The effects become more important considering the present situation in the air traffic sector and future expectations for higher air travel demands. In this paper the evolution of aircraft air pollutant emissions in Greek airports from 1980 to 2005 is analysed. The estimation of emissions, based on the EMEP/CORINAIR methodology, takes into account all flight categories (domestic, international, scheduled, charters) and all aircraft types used in civil aviation in Greece. Emissions are estimated for Landing and Take Off (LTO) cycles. Estimations cover 38 airports used by civil aviation and show a high increase of emissions, which followed the high increase of air traffic in all Greek airports. Total flights increased by 2.4 times from 1980 to 2006. Athens airport has the higher contribution to total air traffic, as well in total emissions, but with decreasing trend (59.0% in 1980 - 42.2% in 2005). Thessaloniki and Iraklion airports follow with increasing share (6.3 - 11.7% and 6.8 - 9.8% respectively). Changes in aircraft fleet composition together with changes of each airport contribution in total civil aviation traffic influenced the increase rates of each air pollutant. NOx emissions showed higher increase rates than air traffic, while VOC and CO emissions showed lower increase rates. Average per flight emissions from 1980 to 2005 have shown increased trend for NOx, decreased trend for VOC and CO and almost stable per flight emissions for SO2 and PM2.5.

Estimation on LTO Cycle Emissions from Aircrafts at Civil Airports

2014 ◽  
Vol 694 ◽  
pp. 34-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qun Zhang ◽  
Hua Sheng Xu ◽  
Yue Wu ◽  
Shun Li Sun ◽  
Dong Bo Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Engine Emissions ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Fleet Composition ◽  
High Emission ◽  
Engine Emission

A calculation method on pollutant emission inventory is established based on the standard LTO cycle of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) by analyzing the factors influencing aircraft engine emissions at civil aviation airports. For a certain airport in China, the emissions of HC, CO, NOx and SO2per hour for a whole day from the aircraft engines are calculated, and the variations of various pollutant emissions with time are analyzed based on the air traffic data, the civil aviation fleet composition, the flight detailed take-off and landing information at the airport, and ICAO engine emission data bank. It’s found that the variations of the pollutant emissions with time are different, in which, the emissions of HC and CO are significantly influenced by the frequency of flight arrival at airport, however, the emission of NOx is influenced by the frequency of flight departure from airport greatly, and the emission of SO2is influenced by the total frequency of flight arrival at and departure from airport comprehensively. For solving the problem of local high-emission time, some solutions are suggested, such as equipping aircrafts with low-emission engines or optimizing the flight schedule.

Civil aviation and the environment – the next frontier for the aerodynamicist

2006 ◽  
Vol 110 (1110) ◽  
pp. 469-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Green
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Aircraft Design ◽  
Air Travel ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Aircraft Emissions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Work Done ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn the coming century, the impact of air travel on the environment will become an increasingly powerful influence on aircraft design. Unless the impact per passenger kilometre can be reduced substantially relative to today’s levels, environmental factors will increasingly limit the expansion of air travel and the social benefits that it brings. The three main impacts are noise, air pollution around airports and changes to atmospheric composition and climate as a result of aircraft emissions at altitude. The lecture will review the work done within the Air Travel – greener by Design programme to assess the technological, design and operational possibilities for reducing these impacts. The main aeronautical disciplines all have something to contribute but it is in aerodynamics that the greatest opportunities appear to lie. If these opportunities are pursued, the aircraft in production in 2050 could be very different from those of 2005. It is for the aerodynamicists, supported by the structures and systems engineers and the materials scientists, to make the case for a radical leap.

scholarly journals Characteristics and Mitigation Measures of Aircraft Pollutant Emissions at Nanjing Lukou International Airport (NKG), China

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-474
Author(s):  
Rong Hu ◽  
Jialin Zhu ◽  
Junfeng Zhang ◽  
Lijun Zheng ◽  
Bowen Liu
Keyword(s):  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Aircraft Engines ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Aircraft Emissions ◽  
Local Air Pollution ◽  
Mode 3

The assessment of local air pollution due to aircraft emissions at/near the airport is an important issue from the standpoint of environment and human health, but has not received due attention in China. In this paper, the pollutant emissions (i.e. HC, CO, NOx, SOx and PM) from aircraft during landing and take-off (LTO) cycles at Nanjing Lukou Airport (NKG) in 2016 were investigated using an improved method, which considered the taxi-in and –out time calculated based on the real data from the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC), instead of using the referenced time recommended by ICAO. First, the pollutant emissions and their characteristics were studied from different perspectives. Second, two various mitigation measures of emissions were proposed, and the performance of emission reduction was analysed. Our analysis shows that: (1) A320 and B738 emitted the largest emissions at NKG; (2) pollutants were mainly emitted during the taxi mode, followed by climb mode; (3) B738 had the lowest emissions per (seat•LTO) among all aircraft, while CRJ had the lowest emissions per unit LTO; (4) shortening the taxiing time and upgrading aircraft engines are both effective measures to mitigate pollutant emissions.

Advanced Aero-Engines Technology Enablers: An Overview of the European Project E-BREAK

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Silva ◽  
Nicolas Tantot ◽  
Serge Selezneff ◽  
Mike Walsh ◽  
Rose Nyatando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Market ◽  
Air Travel ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Component Level ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Enabling Technologies ◽  
Aero Engine ◽  
Aero Engines

This paper describes research carried out in the European Commission co-funded project E-BREAK (Engine BREAK through components and subsystems) focused on development of generic enabling technologies for new aero-engines. A global market forecast (2015–2034) from Airbus [1], depicts an average growth rate of 4.6% per year. Air traffic is forecasted to double in the next 15 years. It is expected, to triple in the next 20 years, according to the speech given by RRUK CEO during the Aerodays 2015 in London [2]. This high level of growth in demand for air travel represents huge opportunities as well as significant challenges for the aerospace industry. Research and Technology through collaborative European projects addresses the environmental penalties of air traffic. Europe’s aviation industry therefore faces a huge challenge to satisfy the demand whilst guaranteeing competitiveness, safety and more environmentally friendly air travel. Innovative engine configurations consequently need to be investigated in order to reduce significantly the pollutant emissions (15 to 20% for fuel consumption and CO2 and 80% reduction for NOx). Such reductions can only be achieved by considering innovative components that could be integrated and optimized in new engine configurations. In response to the above demands, aero-engine manufacturers are constantly aiming to improve gas turbine efficiency for two main reasons: to reduce environmental impact and to minimize operating costs. The E-BREAK project is aimed at the development of generic enabling technologies needed to address the challenges for future engines with higher overall pressure ratios (OPR) and bypass ratio (BPR). These technologies are developed at subsystem and component level and validated in test rigs which are equivalent to Technical Readiness Level (TRL) 5. The utility of the developed technologies are assessed using four standard study powerplants. These are turboshaft, regional turbofan, mid-size open rotor, and large turbofan, covering most of the expected future commercial aero-engine market. This article describes the technical approach followed in E-BREAK for the various technologies being investigated, these are: • Advanced sealing to reduce oil and air leakages • Variability control to ensure stability of thermodynamic cycle • High temperature resistant material and abradables to prevent fast degradation at high temperatures • Light material to prevent significant mass increase • Health monitoring system to anticipate sub-systems degradation The envisaged outcomes from E-BREAK are enablers to other EU-funded research projects focused on module maturation progress, such as LEMCOTEC dealing with high OPR modules and ENOVAL dealing with high BPR LP components.

scholarly journals Environmental Impact Analysis of Hub-and-Spoke Network Operation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Tian ◽  
Mengyuan Sun ◽  
Lili Wan ◽  
Xu Hang
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Aircraft Emissions ◽  
Hub And Spoke ◽  
Distance Information ◽  
Point To Point

The hub-and-spoke network has demonstrated its economies of scale and scope in the rapid development of the civil aviation industry. In order to fit the development trend of green civil aviation, a series of environmental problems such as fuel consumption and pollutant emissions caused by air transportation cannot be ignored. Firstly, this paper selects six cities of Shenyang, Beijing, Qingdao, Zhengzhou, Guangzhou, and Nanjing as the research objects, collects the passenger flow and the distance information of the corresponding segment, determines the location of the hub airport, analyzes the operating environment of the aircraft in the hub-and-spoke network, establishes an aircraft emission assessment model, and calculates the mass of aircraft emissions and fuel consumption. Secondly, based on the calculation results, the comparison of aircraft emissions and fuel consumption between the hub-and-spoke network and the point-to-point network shows that the total carbon monoxide (CO) emissions are reduced by 35.84%, the total hydrocarbon compounds (HC) emissions are increased by 68.82%, and the total nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions are increased by 24.87%. The total mass of pollutants (including CO, HC, and NOx) decreased by 29.37%, and the total fuel consumption decreased by 68.17%. In general, the use of a hub-and-spoke network reduces the pollutant emissions and fuel consumption of aircraft as a whole while ensuring the lowest passenger transportation cost. Finally, based on the current international situation and the enhancement of people’s awareness of environmental protection, a summary analysis of the hub-and-spoke network and the point-to-point network is obtained, and some enlightenment and research significance are obtained.

MITIGATION OF HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS: VACUUM vs. CONVENTIONAL SEWER SYSTEM

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 809-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Lazar ◽  
Iulia Carmen Ciobotici Terryn ◽  
Andreea Cocarcea
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Hazardous Air Pollutant

scholarly journals Environmental Impact and External Costs Associated with Hub-and-Spoke Network in Air Transport

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 465
Author(s):  
Mengyuan Sun ◽  
Yong Tian ◽  
Yao Zhang ◽  
Muhammad Nadeem ◽  
Can Xu
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
External Costs ◽  
Hub And Spoke ◽  
City Network

Under the background of economic globalization, the air transport industry developed rapidly. It turns out that the city-to-city network has not been able to adapt well to the development of the society, and the hub-and-spoke network came into being. The hub-and-spoke network demonstrates the advantages of reducing the operating costs of airlines to keep a competitive advantage, and by maintaining the interests of airlines in the rapidly developing context. However, during the operation of aircrafts, they consume fuel and spew a great deal of harmful pollutants into the air, which has an adverse impact on the living environment. This paper explores the impact and external costs associated with hub-and-spoke network in air transport from an environmental perspective. With some mathematical models, we construct a hub-and-spoke network and take a quantitative study on the environmental impact of air transport. For calculating pollutant emissions, meteorological conditions were considered to revise the pollutant emission factors of the Engine Emissions Data Base (EEDB) published by International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). The environmental external costs measurement model is employed to calculate the externality of toxic gas and greenhouse gas (GHG). In order to make the study more convincing, two alternative networks are computed: hub-and-spoke network and city-to-city network. It is found that the hub-and-spoke network is associated with poorer environmental impact and environmental external costs because of the different network characteristics and the scale of the fleets. Therefore, under the general trend of green aviation, the environmental impact and environmental external costs associated with hub-and-spoke network in air transport provides a certain reference for airlines’ strategic decision-making.

scholarly journals Abrupt but smaller than expected changes in surface air quality attributable to COVID-19 lockdowns

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. eabd6696
Author(s):  
Zongbo Shi ◽  
Congbo Song ◽  
Bowen Liu ◽  
Gongda Lu ◽  
Jingsha Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Quality Improvements ◽  
Learning Technique ◽  
Emission Changes ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Gaseous Oxidant ◽  
Sophisticated Analysis ◽  
Limited Change

The COVID-19 lockdowns led to major reductions in air pollutant emissions. Here, we quantitatively evaluate changes in ambient NO2, O3, and PM2.5 concentrations arising from these emission changes in 11 cities globally by applying a deweathering machine learning technique. Sudden decreases in deweathered NO2 concentrations and increases in O3 were observed in almost all cities. However, the decline in NO2 concentrations attributable to the lockdowns was not as large as expected, at reductions of 10 to 50%. Accordingly, O3 increased by 2 to 30% (except for London), the total gaseous oxidant (Ox = NO2 + O3) showed limited change, and PM2.5 concentrations decreased in most cities studied but increased in London and Paris. Our results demonstrate the need for a sophisticated analysis to quantify air quality impacts of interventions and indicate that true air quality improvements were notably more limited than some earlier reports or observational data suggested.

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