Pronghorn Dental Age Profiles and Holocene Hunting Strategies at Hogup Cave, Utah

2009 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Byers ◽  
Brenda L. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Late Holocene ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Dental Age ◽  
Temporal Shift ◽  
Hunting Strategies ◽  
Communal Hunting ◽  
Hunting Strategy ◽  
Middle And Late Holocene

In this article, we use pronghorn dental age data to document pronghorn hunting strategies at Hogup Cave, Utah, and explore their relationship with a widespread late Holocene trend in increasing large-game abundances noted in archaeofaunal contexts throughout western North America. Specifically, we test the hypothesis that at Hogup Cave, pronghorn hunting methods changed from a middle Holocene strategy dominated by encounter hunting of individual animals to a late Holocene strategy emphasizing large-scale communal hunting. Our analysis suggests that ancient hunters visiting Hogup Cave most likely employed small-scale encounter hunting during the fall and winter months and that this subsistence pattern varied little between the middle and late Holocene. Moreover, while hunting strategies appear to have remained generally similar throughout the 8,800-year occupational record at Hogup Cave, artiodactyl abundances show a dramatic increase relative to smaller, lower-ranked prey in late Holocene strata, suggesting that a temporal shift in the favored hunting strategy, by itself, cannot explain this trend in every context.

The effects of grazing on spider assemblages in upland heather moorland

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 65-65
Author(s):  
L. Paterson ◽  
R. A. Sanderson ◽  
S. P. Rushton
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Prey Type ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Vegetation Density ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
The North ◽  
Hunting Strategies ◽  
Web Structure ◽  
Reptile Species

Invertebrates are of particular interest on heather moorlands because of their rapid response to small scale habitat changes. Spiders constitute a variable proportion of the diet of heather moorland bird, mammal and reptile species. Furthermore, spiders may be an important indicator of habitat change resulting from management practices, especially those that exert a large- scale spatial impact, e.g. grazing. The component families and species of spider assemblages indicate, through their differing preference for web attachments and web structure, the vegetation density, height and structure (Marc et al., 1999). This effect may be especially pronounced where continued grazing at a particular stocking rate results in characteristic patterns in the vegetation structure. Species and family specific hunting strategies determine prey type and so the presence of some spider species may indicate the presence of a preferred prey species. This study aims to investigate the effect of grazing with sheep alone or in combination with cattle grazing on an upland heather moorland in the north of England.

Middle and Late Holocene Hunting in the Great Basin: A Critical Review of the Debate and Future Prospects

2005 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan Hockett
Keyword(s):  
Great Basin ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
American Antiquity ◽  
Middle Holocene ◽  
Small Game ◽  
Hunting And Gathering ◽  
Communal Hunting ◽  
Game Hunting ◽  
Middle And Late Holocene

Recent papers published in American Antiquity and elsewhere have debated whether there were more artiodactyls available to human foragers during the relatively cool and moist Late Holocene compared to the relatively warm and dry Middle Holocene in the Great Basin. If so, how did human foragers respond to changes in artiodactyl abundance, and what explanations may be offered to account for any changes in human behavior across the Middle Holocene-Late Holocene boundary? A critical examination of the data used in this debate does not support the interpretation that human foragers across the Great Basin intensified artiodactyl hunting during the Late Holocene relative to Middle Holocene levels. Depending on location and setting, individual sites occupied during the Middle Holocene may show decidedly more intensive artiodactyl hunting at this time. At other sites, artiodactyl hunting remained consistent throughout the Middle and Late Holocene, while small game hunting and gathering significantly varied. New data presented below suggest that a change from encounter or ambush hunting involving small family groups to the communal hunting of pronghorn by larger numbers of people occurred near the Middle Holocene-Late Holocene boundary. I suggest that changes in social organization and technology also occurred at this time.

scholarly journals The middle and late Holocene Barrier Spit System at Vejers, Denmark: Structure and Development

1995 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 105-119
Author(s):  
S. T. Nielsen ◽  
L B. Clemmesen ◽  
K. F. Andreasen
Keyword(s):  
Late Holocene ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Coarse Sand ◽  
Littoral Drift ◽  
Final Development ◽  
Sand Sheet ◽  
Sand And Gravel ◽  
Dipping Strata ◽  
Middle And Late Holocene

Georadar data (72 km) combined with borings and datings form the basis of a study of the three-dimensional build-up of the middle and late Holocene barrier spit system at Vejers, Denmark. The georadar data reveal one barrier spit covering 15-20 km2 , with an average thickness of approximately 10 meters. This barrier spit shows a tripartite build-up. At the base a shoal sand unit of well-sorted, fine- to medium-grained sand occurs. The overlying interval constitutes a barrier core unit, stretching from north to south, and composed of alternating layers of westward dipping coarse sand- and gravel layers. At the top of these layers aeolian sand sheet and dune deposits occur. The barrier core unit is followed to the east by a back-barrier unit of fine- to medium-grained sand, with a varying content of silt and plant fragments. These deposits are also overlain by aeolian sediments. A second, smaller and more inland situated barrier spit occurs in the central and southern parts of the investigated area. It appears that barrier spit formation took place in three main stages. The initial stage occurred between c. 6500 and c. 4000 B.P. (transgressive period). Barrier spit consolidation and rapid growth took place between c. 4000 B.P. and c. 1200 A.D. (early highstand period). Final development and large-scale dune formation took place after 1200 A.D. (highstand period). The dominance of west-ward dipping strata in the spit deposits indicates consistent seaward progradation of the spit. The shape of the spit indicates southward growth. Apparently the spit formed under the influence of a strong southward directed littoral drift, but the overall alignment of the spit was controlled by swash processes.

Small-Scale Science to Large-Scale Profession

2000 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-398
Author(s):  
Roger Smith
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Scale

Development of Physics Learning Module Based on Guided Inquiry with Light Wave Material in Class XI of Senior High School

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Evi Rahmawati ◽  
Irnin Agustina Dwi Astuti ◽  
N Nurhayati
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Learning Strategy ◽  
Student Response ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Teacher Response ◽  
Student Responses ◽  
Analysis Design ◽  
Scientific Skills

IPA Integrated is a place for students to study themselves and the surrounding environment applied in daily life. Integrated IPA Learning provides a direct experience to students through the use and development of scientific skills and attitudes. The importance of integrated IPA requires to pack learning well, integrated IPA integration with the preparation of modules combined with learning strategy can maximize the learning process in school. In SMP 209 Jakarta, the value of the integrated IPA is obtained from 34 students there are 10 students completed and 24 students are not complete because they get the value below the KKM of 68. This research is a development study with the development model of ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The use of KPS-based integrated IPA modules (Science Process sSkills) on the theme of rainbow phenomenon obtained by media expert validation results with an average score of 84.38%, average material expert 82.18%, average linguist 75.37%. So the average of all aspects obtained by 80.55% is worth using and tested to students. The results of the teacher response obtained 88.69% value with excellent criteria. Student responses on a small scale acquired an average score of 85.19% with highly agreed criteria and on the large-scale student response gained a yield of 86.44% with very agreed criteria. So the module can be concluded receiving a good response by the teacher and students.

Planetary gentrification and urban (re)development

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loretta Lees
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Urban Redevelopment ◽  
Urban Transformation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Low Income Groups

Abstract Gentrification is no-longer, if it ever was, a small scale process of urban transformation. Gentrification globally is more often practised as large scale urban redevelopment. It is state-led or state-induced. The results are clear – the displacement and disenfranchisement of low income groups in favour of wealthier in-movers. So, why has gentrification come to dominate policy making worldwide and what can be done about it?

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION OF CA DONG PEOPLE IN RESETTLEMENT AREA OF TRANH RIVER HYDROPOWER NUMBER 2: CURRENT SITUATION AND IMPACT FACTORS

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bùi Thị Bích Lan
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Technical Application ◽  
Production Models ◽  
Role Of The State

In Vietnam, the construction of hydropower projects has contributed significantly in the cause of industrialization and modernization of the country. The place where hydropower projects are built is mostly inhabited by ethnic minorities - communities that rely primarily on land, a very important source of livelihood security. In the context of the lack of common productive land in resettlement areas, the orientation for agricultural production is to promote indigenous knowledge combined with increasing scientific and technical application; shifting from small-scale production practices to large-scale commodity production. However, the research results of this article show that many obstacles in the transition process are being posed such as limitations on natural resources, traditional production thinking or the suitability and effectiveness of scientific - technical application models. When agricultural production does not ensure food security, a number of implications for people’s lives are increasingly evident, such as poverty, preserving cultural identity, social relations and resource protection. Since then, it has set the role of the State in researching and building appropriate agricultural production models to exploit local strengths and ensure sustainability.

Managing the impacts of mining on Ghana’s water resources from a legal perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasirudeen Abdul Fatawu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Environmental Laws ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Legal Perspective

Recent floods in Ghana are largely blamed on mining activities. Not only are lives lost through these floods, farms andproperties are destroyed as a result. Water resources are diverted, polluted and impounded upon by both large-scale minersand small-scale miners. Although these activities are largely blamed on behavioural attitudes that need to be changed, thereare legal dimensions that should be addressed as well. Coincidentally, a great proportion of the water resources of Ghana arewithin these mining areas thus the continual pollution of these surface water sources is a serious threat to the environmentand the development of the country as a whole. The environmental laws need to be oriented properly with adequate sanctionsto tackle the impacts mining has on water resources. The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) procedure needs to bestreamlined and undertaken by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and not the company itself.

RANCANG BANGUN PERANGKAT EKSPERIMENTASI PROSES PIROLISIS BIOMASA GELOMBANG MIKRO

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Fachrizal
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Continuous Model ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Laboratory Apparatus ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Large Scale Model ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Pyrolysis Of Biomass

Biomass such as agriculture waste and urban waste are enormous potency as energy resources instead of enviromental problem. organic waste can be converted into energy in the form of liquid fuel, solid, and syngas by using of pyrolysis technique. Pyrolysis process can yield higher liquid form when the process can be drifted into fast and flash response. It can be solved by using microwave heating method. This research is started from developing an experimentation laboratory apparatus of microwave-assisted pyrolysis of biomass energy conversion system, and conducting preliminary experiments for gaining the proof that this method can be established for driving the process properly and safely. Modifying commercial oven into laboratory apparatus has been done, it works safely, and initial experiments have been carried out, process yields bio-oil and charcoal shortly, several parameters are achieved. Some further experiments are still needed for more detail parameters. Theresults may be used to design small-scale continuous model of productionsystem, which then can be developed into large-scale model that applicable for comercial use.

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