A note on the response of growing rabbits to varying levels of sodium hydroxide-treated straw

1982 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Lindeman ◽  
T. D. A. Brigstocke ◽  
P. N. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Response Curve ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Depressing Effect ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Development Unit ◽  
High Sodium Concentration

ABSTRACTTwo trials were conducted at the BOCM Silcock Development Unit at Stoke Mandeville. The first trial evaluated the response on doe and progeny, from mating to 8 weeks after parturition, of rabbit compound diets containing 0, 100, 200 and 300 g sodium hydroxide-treated straw per kg. Performance data showed no detrimental effect of inclusion levels up to 300 g sodium hydroxide-treated straw per kg despite its high sodium concentration.A second trial was made to ascertain whether these findings were due to the treated straw itself or to increasing sodium concentrations. A standard rabbit compound diet containing 2·5 g sodium per kg was compared with diets containing either 5·0 or 10·0 g sodium per kg, and with experimental compound diets containing either 80 g sodium hydroxide-treated straw or 80 g untreated straw per kg and both containing 2·5 g sodium per kg. Peak food conversion was estimated to occur at a dietary sodium concentration of 4·6g/kg, although the slope of the dose response curve was not statistically significant at the P ≤ level.The results indicate that compound diets containing up to 80 to lOOg sodium hydroxide-treated straw per kg may be fed to rabbits and that inclusion of levels of up to 300 g sodium hydroxide-treated straw per kg are not detrimental to performance. On the other hand, an inclusion of 80 g untreated ground straw per kg in compound diets for rabbits had a growth-depressing effect.

Chronic sodium loading augments natriuretic response to acute volume expansion in the preweaned rat

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (1) ◽  
pp. R15-R22 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Muchant ◽  
B. A. Thornhill ◽  
D. C. Belmonte ◽  
R. A. Felder ◽  
A. Baertschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Somatic Growth ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Sodium Balance ◽  
Urinary Flow ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Before And After

Positive sodium balance is necessary for normal somatic growth of the neonate, and the neonatal renal response to volume expansion (VE) is attenuated compared with the adult. To test the hypothesis that dietary sodium modulates the developmental response to VE, preweaned rats were artificially reared with either a normal (25 meq/l)- or high-sodium (145 meq/l) diet for 7-8 days and were compared with adult rats receiving normal or high sodium. Serum sodium concentration remained normal in adults on high sodium, whereas neonates became hypernatremic. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), urinary flow (V), and urinary sodium (UNaV) were measured before and after acute saline VE (1% body wt). While remaining constant in preweaned rats, GFR increased > 50% in adult rats after VE (P < 0.05). High sodium intake augmented V and UNaV after VE but was not sustained in neonates as in adults. Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate excretion (UcGMPV) were measured, and baseline UcGMPV was lower in preweaned rats receiving normal sodium but increased to levels similar to adult levels after VE. Postexpansion plasma ANP was higher in preweaned rats than in adult rats and was not affected by dietary sodium regardless of age. We conclude that the attenuated postexpansion natriuresis in the neonate is due in part to an adaptive response to limited sodium intake. However, neonatal compensation to increased sodium intake is incomplete and independent of plasma ANP.

scholarly journals The Effect of High Sodium Concentration on the Action Potential of the Skate Heart

1967 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Issei Seyama ◽  
Hiroshi Irisawa
Keyword(s):  
Action Potential ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Almost All ◽  
High Sodium Concentration

It already has been well documented that the maximum rate of depolarization and amplitude of action potentials are directly dependent on [Na+]o in the vertebrate myocardium. Almost all studies have been carried out at low sodium concentration ranges by substituting NaCl for other substances. Action potentials should be demonstrable in higher sodium concentrations, but cells are inevitably damaged by osmotic changes. The blood of elasmobranchs is nearly isosmotic with sea water, but NaCl accounts for 54.5% of the osmotic pressure and 38.7% of it is maintained by urea molecules. Utilizing this special situation in elasmobranchs, the effect of high sodium concentration was studied up to 170% of normal sodium concentration, while still retaining isosmotic condition. The rate of depolarization, amplitude, and duration of the myocardial action potential all increased in direct proportion to [Na+]o, and no depressant effect on transmembrane action potentials was observed in solutions of high sodium concentration. With regard to depolarization rate, the regression curve fitted by the least squares method passed through zero within two standard errors. At high sodium levels, the overshoot changed as expected theoretically, but at lower ranges it deviated from the theoretical values. [Na+]i, and [K+]i, in this tissue have been determined, and these data are explained on the basis of the Na theory.

HIGH SODIUM CONCENTRATION MODULATES DENDRITIC CELLS IMMUNE FUNCTIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. e111
Author(s):  
S. Al-Hajj ◽  
A. Goumard ◽  
A. Heraud ◽  
S. Georgeault ◽  
J. Burlaud-Gaillard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
High Sodium Concentration

The non-dispersive interaction energy between glass and water as a function of pH is expected to reflect the surface charge generated by the exposed chemical functions on the clean glas s surface. The variations in surface charge, generated by the exposed SiOH and aluminum oxide groups, is expected to give rise to fea-tures representing the surface chemistry of the clean glass. The scatter i n the data shown in Figures 4 and 5 allows only general trends to be discerned. The p.z.c.'s at pH 3 and 9 have been described in the preceding paragraphs. It is interesting to note that the chromic acid cleaned glass surfaces behave in a similar manner, showing virtually identical trends. The pyrolysis cleaned glass surfaces show dif-ferences in their behavior across the different glass compositions. These trends correlate with those observed for organic contamination of these surfaces, as de-scribed in Section 3.1, where the chromic acid cleaned glass surfaces all showed similar behavior, while the pyrolyzed glass showed significant differences in its sensitivity to contamination. In particular, the pyrolyzed silica surface shows far lower non-dispersive interaction energy with water than the pyrolyzed Corning code 1737 or sodalime glasses. This features correlates with the high degree of adsorbed contamination, described in Section 3.1, for the pyrolyzed silica surface. The datum in Figure 5 for the non-dispersive interaction energy between a py-rolyzed silica surface and water at pH 7 corresponds to a contact angle of 31°. This is significantly higher than the contact angle of water on a pyrolyzed silica surface freshly immersed into liquid octane. While the surface cleanliness was measured after cleaning, it was not measured after substrate immersion in the acidic or alkaline solutions. It is possible that the comparatively low non-dispersive interaction energy observed for pyrolyzed silica is partially an artifact caused by contamination of the cleaned silica before immersion into liquid oc-tane. Figure 4 shows similar behavior fo r the glass surfaces, suggesting that the alu-minoborosilicate and sodalime glasses show behavior similar to that of a silica surface. This phenomenon may be due to the leaching of soluble alkaline oxides from the glass surfaces during chromic acid cleaning, leaving a surface enriched in silica that behaves essentially in the same way as a chromic acid cleaned silica surface. In Figure 5, the minimum in the non-dispersive interaction energy between glass and water at pH 9 is not present for pyrolyzed sodalime glass. This mini-mum was presumed to be associated with a high sodium ion concentration in solution, neutralizing the SiO" groups at the glass surface. The presence of sodium oxide (see Table 1) in the sodalime glass composition may generate a high so-dium environment for the the silano l groups at the glass surface. The high sodium concentration in the glass may thus be equivalent to a high sodium concentration in solution, neutralizing the p.z.c.

2003 ◽  
pp. 111-113
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Surface Charge ◽  
Interaction Energy ◽  
Glass Surface ◽  
Silica Surface ◽  
Chromic Acid ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Glass Surfaces ◽  
High Sodium Concentration

scholarly journals Is socio-demographic status, body mass index, and consumption of food away from home associated with high sodium intake among adults in Malaysia?: findings from the Malaysian Community Salt Survey (MyCoSS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruhaya Salleh ◽  
Shubash Shander Ganapathy ◽  
Norazizah Ibrahim Wong ◽  
Siew Man Cheong ◽  
Mohamad Hasnan Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Cooking Methods ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
High Sodium Intake ◽  
Meal Consumption

Abstract Background Studies have shown that having away from home meals contributes to high sodium intake among young people and those who lived in urban areas. This study aimed to determine the association between dietary sodium intake, body mass index, and away from home meal consumption behaviour among Malaysian adults. Methods MyCoSS was a cross-sectional household survey involving 1440 adults age 18 years and above. This study utilized stratified cluster sampling to obtain a nationally representative sample. Data was collected between October 2017 and March 2018. Socio-demographic information, dietary assessment using food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and away from home meal consumption were assessed through a face-to-face interview by trained health personnel. Descriptive analysis and logistic regression were applied to identify the association of socioeconomic status and away from home meal consumption with dietary sodium intake. Results A total of 1032 participants completed the FFQ, with a mean age of 48.8 + 15.6 years. Based on the FFQ, slightly over half of the participants (52.1%) had high sodium intake. Results showed that 43.6% of participants consumed at least one to two away from home meals per day, while 20.8% of them had their three main meals away from home. Participants aged less than 30 years old were the strongest predictor to consume more sodium (adjusted OR: 3.83; 95%CI: 2.23, 6.58) while those of Indian ethnicity had significantly lower sodium intake. Surprisingly, having three away from home meals per day was not associated with high dietary sodium intake, although a significant association (crude OR; 1.67, 95% CI: 1.19, 2.35) was found in the simple logistic regression. Obese participants were less likely to have high dietary sodium intake compared with the normal BMI participants in the final model. Conclusion Over half of the participants consumed sodium more than the recommended daily intake, especially those who consumed three away from home meals. However, there was no significant association between high sodium intake and having three away from home meals per day. The promotion of healthy cooking methods among the public must continue to be emphasized to reduce the dietary sodium intake among Malaysian adults.

Abstract P276: A High Sodium Diet Reduces Cutaneous Microvascular Function In Normotensive Individuals With Salt Sensitive Blood Pressure

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan C Patik ◽  
Joseph M Stock ◽  
Nathan T Romberger ◽  
Shannon L Lennon ◽  
William B Farquhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Local Heating ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Microvascular Function ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Heating Unit ◽  
Doppler Flowmetry ◽  
High Sodium

Impaired vascular function likely contributes to the association between dietary sodium intake and the development of cardiovascular disease. Using the cutaneous microvasculature as a model, we have previously shown that a high sodium (HS) diet blunts local heating-induced vasodilation in normotensive individuals with salt resistant (SR) blood pressure (BP). However, the effect of a HS diet on the cutaneous microvasculature in normotensive salt sensitive (SS) individuals remains unclear. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that cutaneous microvascular function is reduced by a HS diet to a greater degree in SS compared to SR individuals. After each 7-day controlled feeding diet (low sodium (LS) = 20 mmol/day; HS = 300 mmol/day), an intradermal microdialysis fiber was inserted in the ventral forearm and perfused with Ringer’s solution. Skin blood flow (SkBF) was continuously monitored via laser Doppler flowmetry and a local heating unit was placed over the fiber and heated to 42°C until SkBF reached a stable plateau. Site-specific maximal SkBF was determined by perfusing 28mM sodium nitroprusside and heating to 43°C. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was assessed at regular intervals on the contralateral arm and was used to calculate cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC = SkBF / MAP). Subjects wore a 24-hr ambulatory BP monitor and collected their urine on the final day of each diet. Fourteen subjects (9W / 5M, 42 ± 14 yr) whose MAP increased >5 mmHg (Δ8 ± 1 mmHg) on the HS diet were defined as SS and were compared to 14 age- (43± 14 yr) and sex-matched SR subjects (Δ1 ± 3 mmHg). SS and SR had similar MAP at baseline (88 ± 9 vs. 90 ± 8 mmHg, P = 0.88) and urinary sodium excretion was increased similarly across groups by the HS diet (Δ239 ± 104 vs. Δ220 ± 66 mmol / 24 hr, P = 0.20). Cutaneous vasodilation in response to local heating was decreased on the HS diet relative to the LS diet in both SS (Δ-9 ± 9 %CVCmax, P = 0.005) and SR (Δ-9 ± 9 %CVCmax, P=0.005); however, there was not a group x diet interaction (P = 0.99). In contrast to our hypothesis, these results suggest that the deleterious effects of high sodium diets on cutaneous microvascular function are similar in normotensive salt sensitive and salt resistant individuals.

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