A trial to evaluate the Milk Marketing Board beef shape assessment scheme for Friesian/Holstein sires

1985 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. N. Cook ◽  
Jennifer M. Newton
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Routine Inspection ◽  
Milk Marketing ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Progeny Group

ABSTRACTThe Milk Marketing Board beef shape (BS) score for a sire is derived from the beef conformation assessments made during the routine inspection of his first lactation daughters in the Dairy Progeny Testing Scheme. The trial compared the scores for seven Friesian/Holstein sires with the beef characteristics of their steer progeny. Two groups of cattle, 189 in total, all out of Friesian dams, were used in the trial. The dams were assessed for BS. The cattle were reared on a standard grass/cereal system designed to achieve an overall target live-weight gain of 0·85 kg/day and slaughtered at 530 kg live weight. An assessment of BS was made at seven points during the lifetime of each animal. Carcass classification and assessment together with dissection of the shin joint was undertaken by the Meat and Livestock Commission. In addition to this, 40 carcasses representing high and low BS scores were taken for full dissection of the left side.The BS score of the dam had no significant effect on the score of the calf at any point during its life. The relationship between the sire BS score and the calf score did not become significant until the calf was 12 months old (P < 0·01) and was still significant immediately prior to the slaughter of the calf (P < 0·05). Carcass conformation scores showed highly significant progeny group differences (P < 0·001). The regression of the sire progeny group means, corrected for estimated proportion of subcutaneous fat, on the sire BS scores was significant (P < 0·001). The carcasses in the high BS score group had a significantly greater weight of lean than those in the low BS score group.

Relationship between meat colour and feed efficiency in pigs

1960 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zofia Osińska ◽  
J. Kielanowski
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Meat Colour ◽  
The Relationship

Data from Danish Progeny Testing Stations were used to investigate the relationship between the colour of meat and feed efficiency in pigs. For groups slaughtered during the summer there was a highly significant correlation. As the amount of feed consumed per unit live-weight gain declined so the meat became paler. For groups slaughtered in winter and for data pooled over the whole year, there was no significant correlation. Possible explanations of these findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of breed on growth performance and carcass composition of Aberdeen Angus, Charolais,Herefordand Simmental bulls

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bartoň ◽  
D. Řehák ◽  
V. Teslík ◽  
D. Bureš ◽  
R. Zahrádková
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Dressing Percentage

Breed effects on live weight gain, slaughter characteristics and carcass composition were compared in Aberdeen Angus, Charolais, Hereford and Simmental bulls. The experiment extended over 2 years and involved totally 96 animals. The target slaughter live weights were determined 550 kg for earlier maturing breeds Aberdeen Angus and Hereford and 630 kg for later maturing breeds Charolais and Simmental. Charolais and Simmental gained more rapidly (P &lt; 0.05) than Aberdeen Angus while Hereford were intermediate. Hereford had lower (P &lt; 0.05) dressing percentage than the other breeds. Percentages of grade I meat were significantly higher (P &lt; 0.05) in Charolais and Simmental. The highest percentage of separable fat was recorded in Hereford (P &lt; 0.05). Charolais and Simmental had lower (P &lt; 0.05) thickness of subcutaneous fat over MLLT than Aberdeen Angus andHereford. The later maturing bulls generally tended to achieve higher live weight gains during the experiment, produced less fat and had higher percentage of meat from high priced joints in comparison with earlier maturing animals. &nbsp;

Nitrogen response and stocking rate of Pennisetum clandestinum pastures: II. Cattle growth

1974 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. T. Mears ◽  
L. R. Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Response ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Pennisetum Clandestinum

SummaryIndividual live-weight gain (LWG) of Angus weaner cattle continuously grazing (Pennisetum clandestinum) pasture was negatively and linearly related to stocking rate (SR) and independent of ammonium nitrate (N) application rate at similar grazing pressures.Live-weight gain varied from 380 to 1056 kg/ha according to N rate in 1970–1 and from 637 to 1477 kg/ha in 1971–2. Calculated SR giving maximum LWG/ha was 3·4, 4·7, 7·6 and 9·8 animals/ha for the 0, 134, 336 and 672kg N/ha treatments respectively in 1970–1 and 6·1, 5·7, 9·1 and 10·6 animals/ha for the same treatments in 1971–2. Highest response to applied N (1·9 and 3·4 kg LWG/kg additional N in successive years) occurred between N131 and N336; response was greater at low and intermediate SR than at high SR. Carcass weight, quality score, depth of subcutaneous fat and area of eye muscle were negatively related to SR; SR's giving maximum output per unit area caused a reduction of ca.25% in production per head and adversely affected carcass quality at 18 months of age.LWG/head was independent of feed availability in spring and summer and was positively related to availability of green kikuyu up to 600 kg D.M./head in the autumn/winter period.

Effects of oestradiol-17β or zeranol with or without trenbolone acetate on live-weight gain, carcass composition and zeranol residues in steers on an 18-month beef system

1988 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-214
Author(s):  
J. R. Southgate ◽  
A. R. Peters ◽  
S. N. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Equal Weight ◽  
Trenbolone Acetate ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
The Third ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Weight Groups

ABSTRACTA comparison of anabolic treatment regimes was made in 761 autumn-born Friesian steers on 14 farms. Prior to turn-out for grazing at 6 months of age and approximately 180 kg live weight, steers were weighed and divided into three equal-weight groups. Group 1 received silastic implants containing 45 mg oestradiol-17β. Group 2 received 36 mg zeranol and group 3 were untreated controls. All steers were weighed at intervals of approximately 3 months (i.e. mid summer, yarding at autumn, mid winter and pre-slaughter) and group 2 steers received a further 36 mg zeranol at the second, third and fourth weighing. At the third weighing half the cattle in each of the treatment groups 1 and 2 received 300 mg trenbolone acetate. Also at the third weighing, group 3 (controls) were subdivided into three equal-weight groups, the first of which received 45 mg oestradiol-17β and 300 mg trenbolone acetate and the second 36 mg zeranol and 300 mg trenbolone acetate. The third subgroup remained as untreated controls.From 10 farms a 25% sample close to group mean weight at mid winter were slaughtered on the same day and subjectively assessed for subcutaneous fat score and conformation on 15-point scales. The left thin flank was separated into tissues. Samples of lean fat, liver and kidney were analysed for zeranol residues. All implant treatments resulted in higher live-weight gain, heavier slaughter weights and earlier slaughter. Trenbolone increased daily gain only during the first 3 months after treatment. Implanted carcasses were heavier both in the fore- and hindquarter but trenbolone also produced heavier forequarters. Carcasses from treated steers had more subcutaneous fat, less perinephric and retroperitoneal fat and less intermuscular fat in the thin-flank joint. Zeranol residues in implanted steers were not significantly higher than controls except in the kidney, but even these were significantly below accepted tolerance levels.

scholarly journals The effect of growth and development intensity in replacement heifers on economically important traits of Holstein cattle in the Czech Republic

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 277-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bouška ◽  
M. Štípková ◽  
M. Krejčová ◽  
L. Bartoň
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Productive Life ◽  
Reproduction Traits ◽  
The Relationship

The objective of the study was to determine the effect of growth and development intensity in Holstein replacement heifers on economically important animal traits. The intensity of growth was assessed by the average live weight gain until 14 months of age. In addition, live weight and height at the sacrum at 14 months of age were analysed as indicators of growth and development when evaluating the length of productive life. The milk yield of first-calvers increased as the average daily live weight gain in the rearing period increased. An opposite tendency was recorded for cows in their second and third lactation and the total production also decreased with a higher growth rate of heifers. The analysis of the relationship between growth rate and the following reproduction traits revealed that the increased average daily live weight gain to 14 months was subsequently associated with reduced reproduction efficiency in cows. The differences between the groups with the lowest and the highest average live weight gains in the number of days open in the first and second calving interval were 26.78 and 17.47 days, respectively. This tendency was also confirmed in the other reproduction traits analysed. Productive life was significantly longer in animals with the lowest intensity of growth and development compared to the other groups (2.17 to 5.49 months, <i>P</i> < 0.01).

Growth performance and body composition of early weaned wether lambs treated with trenbolone acetate combined with oestradiol–17β

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Sulieman ◽  
H. Galbraith ◽  
J. H. Topps
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Trenbolone Acetate ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Gut Fill

ABSTRACTTwenty-eight Border Leicester ♂ × Scottish Blackface ♀ wether lambs aged 47 days and weighing 17 kg on average were allocated to be sham-implanted controls (group C) or implanted with trenbolone acetate (TBA) combined with oestradiol-17β (OE) as follows: 17·5 mg TBA + 2·5 mg OE (group TO1); 35 mg TBA + 5 mg OE (TO2); 52·5 mg TBA + 7·5 mg OE (TO3). The lambs were offered ad libitum a diet containing (per kg dry matter) an estimated 12·5 MJ metabolizable energy and 0·16 kg crude protein. They were slaughtered 60 days following implantation.On average hormonal treatment resulted in significant increases in (a) live-weight gain, food intake and gut fill, (b) proportions of perinephric and retroperitoneal fat in empty body, (c) carcass lean proportion, and (d) proportion of lean in shoulder and rib joints. Variable changes in the weights of m. semitendinosus, m. gastrocnemius and m. supraspinatus were recorded.Hormonal treatment, on average resulted in significant reductions in (a) killing-out proportion, (b) proportions of total fat and subcutaneous fat in carcass and (c) proportions of fat in the shoulder, rib and hind leg joints. Treated lambs had smaller thymus glands but larger accessory vesicular glands. Penile tissue was also increased in treated lambs. The proportional differences in live-weight gain and carcass fat content were 0·15 and 0·12 respectively.Differences in dose level had little effect on growth and carcass characteristics.

The influence of level of concentrate feeding on the voluntary intake of grass and on live-weight gain by cattle

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Tayler ◽  
J. M. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Gut Fill ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
The Relationship

SUMMARYGrazing and stall-feeding experiments were conducted to examine the effect of giving different amounts of cereal-protein concentrate with grass on the live-weight gain of cattle initially 6 months of age. The effect of level of concentrate on grass intake was also studied in the indoor trial. Experiment 1 took place at pasture, with two stocking rates (high and low) and three levels of supplementation at each stocking rate. The response to supplementation, and rate of live-weight gain by the unsupplemented groups was similar at both stocking rates for a 101-day period from late April to mid-August. The results are discussed in relation to other pasture supplementation experiments, and to those obtained in the indoor experiment. Experiment 2 (stall-feeding) consisted of five levels of concentrate feeding from zero to 100% of the diet. There was little increase in total intake as the proportion of concentrate in the diet increased, and the relationship between grass intake and concentrate intake was rectilinear.Gut fill estimates are presented for each level of concentrate feeding, and results for empty body-weight gain are discussed in relation to live-weight gains. There was a linear increase in weight gain with increasing proportion of concentrate in the diet. Empty body-weight gain is recommended as a less biased assessment of the response of cattle to concentrates given with pasture or forages.

Individual performance and production per unit area of grazing steers of different potential growth rates

1997 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Molinuevo
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe purpose of this work was to investigate the relationship between individual animal performance and production per unit area of land of steers of different potential growth rate under different grazing stocking rates (SR). The analysis involved 160 steers divided equally between two breeds, over 2 years at four SRfor each breed and two replicates for each SR. Thus there werefive steers per replicate. The breeds were purebred Aberdeen Angus (Angus) and 4 Limousin (Limousin). After weaning steers were grazed for 251 days on a pasture dominated by Festuca arundinacea. Given that equal SR does not equate to equal treament for breeds characterized to be of different size and rate of growth at a given age, the analysis was undertaken on the basis of three categories of metabolic body size per ha (S). The variables analysed were individual live-weight gain (final minus initial weight, kg), relative individual live-weight gain (logefinal weight - loge initial weight) and production (kg/ha). A mixed model was used to examine effects of breed, S, year and the interactions between these variables. In general significant (P < 0·05) differences were found for all factors of classification and interactions. Independent linear regressions were calculated for each breed between absolute live-weight gain, relative live-weight gain, and production on S. It was concluded that there was a genotype × environment interaction, with the Angus breed tending to show a higher production per unit area than the Limousin, especially at high levels of S when scarcity of forage was apparent. Nevertheless Limousin steers had higher absolute individual performance than the Angus. The higher production of the smaller breed may be explained by a higher SR at a given S level and also by its higher relative individual live-weight gain in relation to that of the larger breed. The data were coded to use Mott's model to study the relationship between absolute performance (kg) and production (kg/ha). However this model ignores the existing interaction involving breeds.

The effect of rate of gain during the growing and finishing periods on the feed efficiency and carcass composition of the pig: I. Rate of gain during the growing period from 18 to 57 kg live weight

1968 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Walker ◽  
D. W. Holme ◽  
T. J. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Growing Period

SUMMARYTwo experiments were carried out in which pigs were grown at controlled high, moderate or low growth rates from 18 kg to slaughter at 57 kg live weight. Linear measurements and density determinations were carried out on the carcasses. In the second experiment the right-hand side of each carcass was divided into four joints and each joint was physically dissected into three components, bone, subcutaneous fat plus skin and ‘lean’ meat. The boneless tissue of each joint was analysed for moisture, ether extractable fat and nitrogen.It was found that an increase in the rate of live-weight gain tended to improve the efficiency with which feed was converted into live weight.The percentage of fat in the side was significantly increased by more rapid growth rates.The conformation of the side was altered by treatment, the proportion by weight of the middle region increased with increasing rate of live-weight gain and was accompanied by corresponding reductions in the proportions of the gammon and shoulder regions. These changes were largely due to an effect on the distribution of fat throughout the side, but there were also minor changes in the distributions of bone and fat-free lean.The high rate of gain was associated with a greater proportion of belly in the side. This was due to an increase in the proportion of lean meat in this region, presumably a functional effect caused by an increased intestinal volume.There was no treatment effect on the chemical composition of the fat-free boneless meat which was found to differ significantly between joints.

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