Sanyangzhuang: early farming and a Han settlement preserved beneath Yellow River flood deposits

Antiquity ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 86 (331) ◽  
pp. 30-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tristram R. Kidder ◽  
Haiwang Liu ◽  
Minglin Li
Keyword(s):  
Yellow River ◽  
Han Dynasty ◽  
Warring States ◽  
Western Han Dynasty ◽  
River Flood ◽  
Early Farming ◽  
Flood Deposits ◽  
Land Surfaces ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Way

The authors present the discovery of a Han period farming site sealed beneath 5m of flood deposits, where courtyard houses have been excavated belonging to the Western Han Dynasty and Wang Mang period (c. 140 BC–AD 23). Preservation is exceptional, both at the village of Sanyangzhuang itself and, by dint of satellite reconnaissance, over a vast landscape contemporarily covered by the flood. Deep profiles show that here land surfaces of the Neolithic and Warring States periods also lie buried. The potential for the study of the early agricultural sequence and a deeper knowledge of Han society is truly outstanding. The discoveries also offer a vivid account of the way a settlement was overwhelmed by flooding.

Yue Ren, Luli, and Anlu: the Tomb Occupant of Yunmeng Shuihudi Han Tomb No. 77 and the Village Where He Resided

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-274
Author(s):  
Chen Wei ◽  
Cai Dan
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Han Dynasty ◽  
Western Han Dynasty ◽  
The Third ◽  
Bamboo Slips ◽  
The Village ◽  
Office Assistant

By examining the excavated bamboo slips and boards of Shuihudi 睡虎地 Western Han tomb no. 77 in Yunmeng 雲夢, it is possible to know that the name of the tomb occupant was Yue Ren 越人 and that he served as an Office Assistant 官佐 in Anlu 安陸 County from the ninth year (171 bce.) of the reign of Western Han Emperor Wendi 文帝 (r. 180–157 bce.) to the seventh year (157 bce.) of the Houyuan 後元 era (163–157 bce.) of his reign. In addition, we can understand a number of the actions and life events of Yue Ren and his colleagues and family members, and know that in the tenth month of the third year of the Houyuan era of Wendi’s reign (161 bce.), Yue Ren and his family moved their residence to Luli 路里. Moreover, by analyzing the slips and boards of tomb no. 77, and viewing these in connection with lacquerware items on which are inscribed two graphs spelling out “Luli” 路里 excavated from the Shuihudi Qin tombs, it can be concluded that from the Qin dynasty to the early Western Han dynasty, residents of Luli were entombed in the cemetery at Shuihudi. This provides what is currently the strongest evidence for arguing that the ancient walled town at Yunmeng 雲夢古城—also referred to as the “Walled Town of the Chu King” 楚王城—is the ruins of the walled town that was seat of Anlu County in the Qin and Han periods.

scholarly journals A Study on the Rock Art of the Tongtian River Basin, Tibetan Plateau of China

2020 ◽  
pp. 111-127
Author(s):  
Zhang Wenjing ◽  
Wang Xiaokun
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Han Dynasty ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Warring States Period ◽  
Shang Dynasty ◽  
The West ◽  
Warring States ◽  
Western Han Dynasty ◽  
Production Techniques

In recent years, the Yushu Museum has conducted a systematic investigation on the rock art of the Tongtian River Basin in its prefecture and newly discovered 1230 panels’ rock art (more than 1700 images). This paper is a statistical and comparative analysis of the newly discovered rock art. According to content and production techniques, we divided the rock art of the Tongtian River Basin into two big areas. The West Area is the upper part of the river basin, which is the area above the confluence of Tongtian River and Chumar River (Qumalai River); the East Area is the lower part of the river basin, which is from the confluence to the Batang estuary of Yushu. This area can be subdivided into three subareas. The majority of the Tongtian River Basin’s rock art is categorized as animal type. Yak and deer are respectively the main themes of the West Area and the East Area. In addition, there are other rock art types like symbol, character, pagoda, carriage and so on. The two areas have both commonalities and their own characteristics. Through the typological analysis of production techniques, in the cases of carriage rock art, and deer rock art, we think that the rock art mainly used the whole-image chiseling technique. This technique can be traced back to the Shang Dynasty; the rock art mainly chiseled linearly is dated to the early Zhou Dynasty to the Warring States Period; the rock art that was creates with the line carving technique is dated to the Warring States Period to the Western Han Dynasty; the rock art that was creates with the grind carving technique can be dated back to the Qin and Han dynasties; and the rock art mainly used scratching technique can be traced back to the Ancient Tibetan Empire Period (618-842 AD)

On the Kele Culture

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Han Dynasty ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Warring States Period ◽  
Warring States ◽  
Western Han Dynasty ◽  
Peripheral Areas ◽  
Cultural Connotations ◽  
Distinct Features

AbstractThe local-styled tombs of the Warring-States Period to the Western Han Dynasty recovered at Kele Site in Hezhang County, Guizhou Province had rich cultural connotations and distinct features, the “head encasing” burial custom of which was especially unique. These tombs showed sharp differences to the Han-styled tombs in the same cemetery and other regional cultural remains in peripheral areas and represented a new archaeological culture in the Xinan Yi (Southwest Barbarians) Region of the Warring-States to the Qin-Han Periods, which could be named as “Kele Culture”. The putting forward of the concept of “Kele Culture” and the research on it had great academic significance; they will positively influence the archaeological researches on the Xinan Yi Region of the Warring-States to the Qin-Han Periods and lay firm foundation for the in-depth archaeological exploration of Yelang Culture.

The excavation of the mirror-casting workshop site of the Qin and Han Dynasties at the Linzi City Site of the Qi State in Shandong

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Large City ◽  
Han Dynasty ◽  
Warring States Period ◽  
Ancient China ◽  
Warring States ◽  
Western Han Dynasty ◽  
The Face ◽  
Casting Industry ◽  
Cultural Relics

AbstractIn 2012 and 2013, the Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Shandong Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and Bureau of Cultural Relics, Linzi District conducted excavation to the remains of a mirror-casting workshop located to the south of Kanjiazhai Village within the large city of the Linzi City Site of the Qi State in Zibo City, Shandong. The recovered remains included casting pits, house foundations, wells, ash pits, kilns, paths and infant burials, the dates of which were mostly the Warring- States Period through the Qin and Han Dynasties; the ones related to the mirror-casting were casting pits, house foundations, wells and some ash pits. The pottery molds unearthed in the excavation were the face molds and back molds of mirrors. The stratigraphy, spatial structure and accumulation status as well as the large amount of mirror molds unearthed from the site all reflected that this site was a mirror-casting workshop site. The stratigraphic relationships and the unearthed artifacts showed that the date of this workshop was the Western Han Dynasty. The excavation of this mirror-casting workshop site provided valuable materials for the development of the relevant researches and can be seen as a great breakthrough of the researches on the bronze mirror-casting industry and technique of the Qin and Han Dynasties even the entire ancient China.

The excavation of water well J3 at the Ancient City Site of the Zhu State in Zoucheng City, Shandong Province in 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-106
Keyword(s):  
Measurement System ◽  
Han Dynasty ◽  
Monetary Reform ◽  
Warring States ◽  
Western Han Dynasty ◽  
Ancient City ◽  
Water Well ◽  
Master Pattern ◽  
Main Period ◽  
Rich Data

Abstract In March through July 2017, School of History and Culture of Shandong University and other institutions conducted the second term of excavation in the Ancient City Site of the Zhu State, which recovered over 350 features of various types belonging to the Spring-and-Autumn and Warring-States Periods and the Han and Tang Dynasties. Among them, the water well J3 was in a cylindrical vertical pit shape and lined with rectangular bricks and pottery well curbs; the artifacts unearthed from it included pottery wares, iron implements and bronze weighing instruments of the Xin Dynasty (Wang Mang Interregnum, 8–23 CE). The main period of using of J3 was the late Western Han Dynasty, and it was abandoned at the end of the Western Han Dynasty to the Xin Dynasty. The unearthing of the bronze weighing instruments from J3 provided important materials for further exploration to the issues about the measurement system of the Xin Dynasty; the unearthing of the bronze coin master pattern provided important materials for the exploration to the monetary reform in Wang Mang Interregnum. The excavation of this year provided rich data for the establishment of the chronology and cultural genealogy of the site, clarification of the functions and properties of the excavated area and exploration of the evolution of the settlement pattern of the site.

The excavation of the Dadianshan Cemetery in Changning, Yunan

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-151
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Han Dynasty ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Warring States Period ◽  
Warring States ◽  
Western Han Dynasty ◽  
The Bronze Age ◽  
Grave Goods

AbstractIn 2012, 198 burials were excavated in the Dadianshan Cemetery site in Changning County, Yunnan. The striking differences in burial structure and grave goods of these burials suggest that the cemetery was used by two different ethnic groups. The structure of the burials can be classified into earthen cave burials, earthen pit burials and urn burials. The first type has never been seen in the Bronze Age archaeology of Yunnan. They yielded rich assemblage of grave goods predominantly comprising bronze artifacts, the main types of which were sabers, spearheads, bracelets, yue-battle axes, swords, buckles, etc. They were likely associated with the ancient Ailao people of the late Spring-and-Autumn to late Warring-States Periods. The second burial type was prevalent in Bronze Age Yunnan. These burials yielded small number of or no grave goods. In addition to bronze, the grave goods assemblage also comprised of iron, bimetallic, stone and pottery artifacts. They were likely associated with the Di and Qiang people during the mid Warring-States Period to the late Western Han Dynasty.

The Usage of Yu 于 and Yu 於 in Warring States Period and Han Dynasty and the Transmission and Writing Habit of Classical Texts

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-231
Author(s):  
Olivier Venture
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Han Dynasty ◽  
Warring States Period ◽  
Warring States ◽  
Classical Chinese ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Writing Habit ◽  
The Way

The question of yu 于 and yu 於 in classical Chinese, as two characters often used to record the same grammatical word, has been debated for centuries. Scholars already proposed very detailed analysis related to some specific uses of each of them. Without questioning the existence of specialized usages of both characters in later text, the author proposes here to focus on the earliest evidences provided by inscriptions and manuscripts to understand the origin of their relationship. I conclude, with other scholars, that the difference in use between yu 于 and yu 於 is primarily a question of historical development of the language, the former appearing earlier than the latter. Moreover, the way both characters are used elucidates questions of transmission and attitudes on language use which go far beyond the linguistic frame.

The Plan Guidelines for Villages under the Background of Nomadic Settlement — A Case Study of Luqu County in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 5886-5893
Author(s):  
Lu Cang Wang ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Jing Gao
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Functional Area ◽  
Spatial Displacement ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Construction Tasks ◽  
The Village ◽  
Pastoral Farming ◽  
Better Than

“The Project of Nomadic Settlement” is one of the major construction tasks for “Gannan Important Water Supply Ecological Functional Area of Yellow River”. Because of the distribution of population and settlements have obvious discreteness and wavering in alpine pasture, it is necessary to plan and guide agricultural and grazing villages during the process of the construction of nomadic settlements, spatial displacement and integration of population and settlement. The nomadic habitation mode in Luqu county undergoes four stages. At present, it adopts four settlement modes, that is, centralized settlement mode in the county town, settlement mode in the village, settlement along the highway mode and dispersed settlement mode, involving a total of 2,645households,13,783people and be arranged in 21 settlements. The paper adopts 14 indicators related conditions of economic development, social development conditions, geographic conditions, measures the overall strength of 24 administrative villages in Luqu, the whole villages are divided into four grade. The results show that the suburban villages are better than the surrounding villages and towns, pure pastoral farming are better than farming-pastoral villages. Accordingly, 24 villages are divided into four types—community-based villages, developing villages, controlling villages, and revoking-merging villages. Finally, it also proposes the path on village plan guidelines.

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