scholarly journals Dietary calcium and phosphate restriction in guinea-pigs during pregnancy: fetal mineralization induces maternal hypocalcaemia despite increased 1α,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol concentrations

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrien Rummens ◽  
Erik Van Herck ◽  
Rita van Bree ◽  
Roger Bouillon ◽  
F. André Van Assche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Hydroxylase Activity ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Stimulation Of

Guinea-pig fetuses at term are mineralized to a degree comparable with human fetuses, which makes the guinea-pig an attractive animal model to study maternal–fetal interactions with regard to Ca and phosphate (P) homeostasis. We studied non-pregnant and pregnant (day 57) vitamin D-replete guinea-pigs, fed either a normal guinea-pig chow with 9·6 g Ca/kg and 4·9 g P/kg or a study diet with 2 g Ca/kg and 1 g P/kg (low-Ca–P diet) for 7–8 weeks. Both pregnancy and the low-Ca–P diet decreased plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D3), but increased total and free 1α,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2D3), strongly suggesting an additive stimulation of 1α-hydroxylase activity. Maternal and fetal 25(OH)D3and 1,25(OH)2D3levels were highly correlated (r0·82 and 0·92 respectively, P<0·001). Dual-energy absorption X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) showed that both pregnancy and the low-Ca–P diet decreased bone mineral density (BMD) of the maternal femur, particularly at the distal metaphysis. Despite higher 1,25(OH)2D3concentrations and lower BMD, pregnant animals on the low-Ca–P diet were hypocalcaemic; blood Ca2+levels were inversely correlated with the number of fetuses in this group (r-0·93, P<0·001). Fetal growth as well as mineralization (assessed by whole-body and femoral DXA, bone histomorphometry and plasma–bone osteocalcin measurements) were unaltered in the low-Ca–P group. In conclusion, fetal mineralization proceeds normally but induces maternal hypocalcaemia in guinea-pigs with dietary restriction of Ca and P.

scholarly journals Instrumental diagnosis of osteosarcopenia in diagrams and tables

2021 ◽  
pp. 358-364
Author(s):  
A. V. Naumov ◽  
D. V. Demenok ◽  
Yu. S. Onuchina ◽  
N. O. Khovasova ◽  
V. I. Moroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Mass Function ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fracture Risk Assessment Tool ◽  
History Of

Osteoporosis and sarcopenia are age-associated diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Osteosarcopenia, the presence of osteopenia/osteoporosis and sarcopenia. The prevalence of osteosarcopenia in older adults with failing was 37% and associated with higher rate of death. Diagnosis of osteosarcopenia consists of describing medical history of fractures, providing x-ray of the spine (if it is needed) and bone densitometry, calculation of Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX), evaluating muscle strength, mass, function. The most common exam which is used to measure bone mineral density (BMD) is dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA or DEXA). Screening using the FRAX is recommended in all postmenopausal women and mеn over 50 in order to identify individuals with high probability of fractures. It is recommended to diagnose osteoporosis in patients with fragility fracture of large bones of the skeleton. Diagnosis of sarcopenia is consist of measures for three parameters: muscle strength, muscle quantity/quality and physical performance as an indicator of severity. Muscle strength can be measured with carpal dynamometry. Muscle mass can be evaluated dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (program «Whole body»). Muscle function can be evaluated with short physical performance battery (SPPB) tests. In this article described algorithm of diagnosis of osteosarcopenia.

scholarly journals Studies on the development of the claws in new born calves of different breeds and crossbreds using Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA)

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-317
Author(s):  
S. Nüske ◽  
J. Hampe ◽  
A. M. Scholz ◽  
M. Förster
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Multiple Birth ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Different Genetic Background

Abstract. This study evaluated claw development in 199 calves of different genetic background during the first 70 days of life. Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) was found to be a useful tool for this purpose. By the means of DXA, in humans as in animals, body constitution and composition can be examined in vivo. Thus, the whole body or body regions can be analyzed for the content of fat tissue, lean tissue, bone mineral content and bone mineral density. Large differences in claw parameters were observed, depending on the position of the claws, sex and breed, including interaction effects between gender and breeds. In all four pairs of claws, the medial claws had significantly higher contents of bone mineral than the lateral claws. All fore claws had a higher density than hind claws. Male calves showed significantly higher values than females in all measured parameters. Comparing breeds and crossbreds, pure German Holsteins had the lowest values in all parameters with exception of the R-value. Within breeds/crossbreds and gender various interactions could be found. Calves of first lactation cows had lower values than calves of elder cows. Calves with a small birth weight and calves originating of a multiple birth had significantly lower values of the scanned parameters than calves with higher birth weight or monoparous calves.

scholarly journals Analysis of Age-Based Bone Mineral Density in the Korean Adult Population Using Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 8469
Author(s):  
Jung Chul Lee ◽  
Chong Hoon Lee ◽  
Dong Wha Chung ◽  
Hee Joo Lee ◽  
Jae Yong Park
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Density ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
X Ray

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) provides a reliable and accurate measurement of bone density and bone mineral composition. This research examined the composition and bone density (bone mineral composition and bone mineral density; BMD) of the whole body and selected body parts using DEXA. The participants were 240 healthy adult men and women who were divided into three groups based on age. The total BMD of women amounted to an average of 1.14 g/cm2 for those aged 20–39 years, 1.14 g/cm2 for those aged 40–59 years, and 0.98 g/cm2 for those aged 60–73 years. For men, the average BMD was 1.25 g/cm2 for those aged 20–39 years, 1.20 g/cm2 for those aged 40–59 years, and 1.17 g g/cm2 for those aged 60–73 years. The decrease in age-specific BMD was shown to have a correlation with both age and body mass index, and it is determined that exercising on a regular basis can prevent a reduction in BMD by maintaining appropriate muscle mass.

Analysis of Age-Based Bone Mineral Density in the Koran Adult population using Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Chul Lee ◽  
Hee-Joo Lee ◽  
Jaeyong Park
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Density ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) measuring tool is a reliable and accurate technology to measure bone density and bone mineral composition. This research examined the composition and bone density (bone mineral composition and bone mineral density) of the whole body and representative body parts using DEXA. The participants were 240 healthy adult men and women who were divided into three groups based on age. The total bone mineral density (BMD) of women amounted to an average of 1.14 g/㎠ in Group A, 1.14 g/㎠ in Group B, and 0.98 g/㎠ in Group C. For men, the average BMD was 1.25 g/㎠ in Group A, 1.20 g/㎠ in Group B, and 1.17 g/㎠ in Group C. As a result, the reduction of age-specific BMD was shown to have a correlation with aging and body mass index(BMI), and it is determined that exercising on a regular basis can prevent reduction in BMD by maintaining appropriate muscle mass.

scholarly journals Radial Quantitative Ultrasound and Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry: Intermethod Agreement for Bone Status Assessment in Children

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kar Hau Chong ◽  
Bee Koon Poh ◽  
Nor Aini Jamil ◽  
Nor Azmi Kamaruddin ◽  
Paul Deurenberg
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Ultrasound ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Poor Agreement ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Limits Of Agreement ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bone Status ◽  
Status Assessment ◽  
Body Bone

Aim. To validate a radial quantitative ultrasound (QUS) system with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), a criterion technique in bone status assessment among children.Methods. Bone health was evaluated using a radial QUS system (Sunlight Omnisense 8000P) to measure the speed of sound (SOS) at one-third distal radius of the nondominant hand and DXA (Hologic QDR) was used to assess whole body bone mineral density (BMD).Results. Some 29.9% of the children were grossly misclassified according to quartiles of BMD and radial SOS. Poor agreement was observed betweenZ-scores of radial SOS and whole-body BMD (mean difference = 0.6 ± 0.9; 95% limits of agreement = −1.4 to 2.6). With a cut-off value of −1.0, radial SOS yielded satisfactory sensitivity (80%) and specificity (93%) for the detection of children with low BMD.Conclusion. The observed poor agreement in the present study suggests that radial QUS and DXA are not comparable and hence are not interchangeable in evaluating bone status of the children.

scholarly journals POS0045 LEAST SIGNIFICANT CHANGE IN BONE DENSITOMETRY IN PATIENTS WITH OBESITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 227.2-228
Author(s):  
D. Claire ◽  
M. Geoffroy ◽  
L. Kanagaratnam ◽  
C. Isabelle ◽  
A. Hittinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
General Population ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Densitometry ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Least Significant Change ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Significant Change

Background:Dual energy X-ray absoprtiometry is the reference method to mesure bone mineral density (1). Loss of bone mineral density is significant if it exceeds the least significant change. The threshold value used in general population is 0,03 g/cm2 (2). Patients with obesity are known for having a higher bone mineral density due to metabolism and physiopathology characteristics (3,4).Objectives:The aim of our study was to determine the least significant change in bone densitometry in patients with obesity.Methods:We conducted an interventionnal study in 120 patients with obesity who performed a bone densitometry. We measured twice the bone mineral density at the lumbar spine, the femoral neck and the total hip in the same time (5,6). We determined the least significant change in bone densitometry from each pair of measurements, using the Bland and Altman method. We also determined the least significant change in bone densitometry according to each stage of obesity.Results:The least significant change in bone densitometry in patients with obesity is 0,046g/cm2 at the lumbar spine, 0.069 g/cm2 at the femoral neck and 0.06 g/cm2 at the total hip.Conclusion:The least significant change in bone densitometry in patients with obesity is higher than in general population. These results may improve DXA interpretation in this specific population, and may personnalize their medical care.References:[1]Lees B, Stevenson JC. An evaluation of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and comparison with dual-photon absorptiometry. Osteoporos Int. mai 1992;2(3):146-52.[2]Briot K, Roux C, Thomas T, Blain H, Buchon D, Chapurlat R, et al. Actualisation 2018 des recommandations françaises du traitement de l’ostéoporose post-ménopausique. Rev Rhum. oct 2018;85(5):428-40.[3]Shapses SA, Pop LC, Wang Y. Obesity is a concern for bone health with aging. Nutr Res N Y N. mars 2017;39:1-13.[4]Savvidis C, Tournis S, Dede AD. Obesity and bone metabolism. Hormones. juin 2018;17(2):205-17.[5]Roux C, Garnero P, Thomas T, Sabatier J-P, Orcel P, Audran M, et al. Recommendations for monitoring antiresorptive therapies in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Jt Bone Spine Rev Rhum. janv 2005;72(1):26-31.[6]Ravaud P, Reny JL, Giraudeau B, Porcher R, Dougados M, Roux C. Individual smallest detectable difference in bone mineral density measurements. J Bone Miner Res. août 1999;14(8):1449-56.Disclosure of Interests:None declared.

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