scholarly journals Resting metabolic rate, fat-free mass and catecholamine excretion during weight loss in female obese patients

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Menozzi ◽  
M. Bondi ◽  
A. Baldini ◽  
M. G. Venneri ◽  
A. Velardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Metabolic Adaptation ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Maintenance Period ◽  
Sympathoadrenal System

The reduction in resting metabolic rate (RMR) during weight loss exceeds that accounted for by changes in body composition by 15%, suggesting that factors other than fat-free mass (FFM) explain the metabolic adaptation during food restriction in obesity. Our study aimed to establish if changes in the sympathoadrenal system activity, as inferred from an integrated measure such as 24 h urinary excretion of catecholamines, may play a role in the RMR adaptation observed during dietary restriction in obese patients. Ninety-three obese female subjects consumed a low-energy diet (LED) (2930 kJ/d (700 kcal/d)) for a 3-week period. At the beginning and at the end of the study, 24 h urinary excretion of catecholamines, FFM and RMR were measured. The LED induced a significant reduction in body weight (-3·3 (SEM 0·4) KG; P < 0·01), FFM (-1·9 (sem 0·7) kg; P < 0·01) and in the fat mass (-1·2 (sem 0·5) kg; P < 0·01). Noradrenalin excretion (24 h) decreased during the LED from 264 (sem 26) during a weight-maintenance period to 171 (sem 19) nmol/24 h after consumption of the LED for 3 weeks (P < 0·001); mean 24 h adrenalin excretion did not change during the LED (22 (sem 3) during the weight-maintenance period v. 21 (sem 3) nmol/24 h after consumption of the LED for 3 weeks; NS). The LED induced a significant decrease in RMR (7300 (sem 218) v. 6831 (sem 138) kJ/24 h; P < 0·001). The only independent variable that significantly explained variations in RMR both before and after consumption of the LED for 3 weeks, was FFM (r2 0·79 and r2 0·80 respectively). Urinary noradrenalin excretion explained a further 4 % of the variability in RMR, but only before the diet, so that a role of sympathoadrenal system on RMR seems to be present in obese patients in basal conditions but not at the end of the LED.

scholarly journals Metabolic Slowing with Massive Weight Loss despite Preservation of Fat-Free Mass

2012 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 2489-2496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darcy L. Johannsen ◽  
Nicolas D. Knuth ◽  
Robert Huizenga ◽  
Jennifer C. Rood ◽  
Eric Ravussin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Massive Weight Loss ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Metabolic Adaptation ◽  
Vigorous Exercise

Abstract Context: An important goal during weight loss is to maximize fat loss while preserving metabolically active fat-free mass (FFM). Massive weight loss typically results in substantial loss of FFM potentially slowing metabolic rate. Objective: Our objective was to determine whether a weight loss program consisting of diet restriction and vigorous exercise helped to preserve FFM and maintain resting metabolic rate (RMR). Participants and Intervention: We measured body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, RMR by indirect calorimetry, and total energy expenditure by doubly labeled water at baseline (n = 16), wk 6 (n = 11), and wk 30 (n = 16). Results: At baseline, participants were severely obese (×± sd; body mass index 49.4 ± 9.4 kg/m2) with 49 ± 5% body fat. At wk 30, more than one third of initial body weight was lost (−38 ± 9%) and consisted of 17 ± 8% from FFM and 83 ± 8% from fat. RMR declined out of proportion to the decrease in body mass, demonstrating a substantial metabolic adaptation (−244 ± 231 and −504 ± 171 kcal/d at wk 6 and 30, respectively, P &lt; 0.01). Energy expenditure attributed to physical activity increased by 10.2 ± 5.1 kcal/kg·d at wk 6 and 6.0 ± 4.1 kcal/kg·d at wk 30 (P &lt; 0.001 vs. zero). Conclusions: Despite relative preservation of FFM, exercise did not prevent dramatic slowing of resting metabolism out of proportion to weight loss. This metabolic adaptation may persist during weight maintenance and predispose to weight regain unless high levels of physical activity or caloric restriction are maintained.

Resting Metabolic Rate and Thermic Effect of a Meal in Low- and Adequate-Energy Intake Male Endurance Athletes

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice Thompson ◽  
Melinda M. Manore ◽  
James S. Skinner
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Thermic Effect

The resting metabolic rate (RMR) and thermic effect of a meal (TEM) were determined in 13 low-energy intake (LOW) and 11 adequate-energy intake (ADQ) male endurance athletes. The LOW athletes reported eating 1,490 kcal·day-1less than the ADQ group, while the activity level of both groups was similar. Despite these differences, both groups had a similar fat-free mass (FFM) and had been weight stable for at least 2 years. The RMR was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the LOW group compared to the values of the ADQ group (1.19 vs. 1.29 kcal·FFM-1·hr-l, respectively); this difference represents a lower resting expenditure of 158 kcal·day-1. No differences were found in TEM between the two groups. These results suggest that a lower RMR is one mechanism that contributes to weight maintenance in a group of low- versus adequate-energy intake male athletes.

scholarly journals Impact of Hepatic Steatosis on Resting Metabolic Rate and Metabolic Adaptation in Response to Intentional Weight Loss

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 1347-1355
Author(s):  
Vikrant P. Rachakonda ◽  
James P. DeLany ◽  
Erin E. Kershaw ◽  
Jaideep Behari
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Metabolic Adaptation ◽  
Intentional Weight Loss

scholarly journals Metabolic Adaptations to Weight Loss: Relative Changes in Resting Metabolic Rate and Energy Expenditure for Physical Activity and Association With Weight Loss Maintenance

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 526-526
Author(s):  
Rachel Silver ◽  
Sai Das ◽  
Michael Lowe ◽  
Susan Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Objectives There is persistent controversy over the extent to which different components of energy expenditure disproportionately decrease after weight loss and contribute to weight regain through decreased energy requirements. We conducted a secondary analysis of the CALERIE I study to test the hypothesis that decreased resting metabolic rate (RMR) and energy expenditure for physical activity (EEPA) after a 6-month calorie restriction intervention would predict weight regain at 12 months, with a greater decrease in RMR than EEPA. Methods Participants (n = 46) received all food and energy-containing beverages for 6 months. Outcome measures included total energy expenditure by doubly labeled water, RMR by indirect calorimetry, and body composition by BOD POD. Predictions for RMR and EEPA were derived from baseline linear regression models including age, sex, fat mass, and fat free mass. Baseline regression coefficients were used to calculate the predicted RMR and EEPA at 6 months. Residuals were calculated as the difference between measured and predicted values and were adjusted for body weight. The presence of metabolic adaptation was evaluated by a paired t-test comparing measured and predicted RMR at 6 months. Differences between 6-month RMR and EEPA residuals were evaluated by the same method. Linear regression was used to assess the association between 6-month residuals and weight loss maintenance (% weight change, 6 to 12 months). Results Mean weight loss was 6.9% at 6 months with 2.1% regain from 6 to 12 months. No adaptation in RMR was observed at 6 months (mean residual: 19 kcal; 95% confidence interval: −9, 48; P = 0.18). However, significant adaptation was observed in EEPA (mean residual: −199 kcal; −126, −272; P &lt; 0.0001). In addition, the mean 6-month RMR residual was significantly greater than the mean 6-month EEPA residual (218 kcal; 133, 304; P &lt; 0.0001). There was no significant association between 6-month RMR or EEPA residuals and weight regain at 12 months (P = 0.56, 0.34). Conclusions There was no measurable decrease in RMR with weight loss after adjusting for changes in fat free mass and fat mass, but there was a decrease in EEPA. Changes in RMR and EEPA with weight loss over 6 months did not predict weight regain at 12 months. Funding Sources Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging Doctoral Scholarship; USDA agreement #8050–51000-105–01S

UCP2 and PLIN1 Expression Affects the Resting Metabolic Rate and Weight Loss on Obese Patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Affonso Parenti de Oliveira ◽  
Marcela Augusta de Souza Pinhel ◽  
Carolina Ferreira Nicoletti ◽  
Cristiana Cortes de Oliveira ◽  
Driele Cristina Gomes Quinhoneiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Obese Patients

scholarly journals Influence of fat-free mass and resting metabolic rate on increased food reinforcement after exercise training

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher L. Pankey ◽  
Kyle Flack ◽  
Kelsey Ufholz ◽  
LuAnn Johnson ◽  
James N. Roemmich
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Food Reinforcement ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Appetite Control ◽  
Reinforcing Value

Abstract Purpose Models of appetite control have been largely based on negative feedback from gut and adipose signaling to central appetite centers. However, contemporary models posit that fat-free mass (FFM) or the energy demand of FFM [i.e., resting metabolic rate (RMR)] may play a primary role in the motivational drive for food intake (i.e., food reinforcement). The relative reinforcing value of food (RRVfood) is associated with energy intake (EI) and increases with an acute energy deficit. Chronic exercise-induced energy deficits lead to alterations in fat mass (FM), FFM, and RMR and provide an opportunity to test whether change in (∆) FM, ∆FFM, ∆usual EI, or ∆RMR are associated with ∆RRVfood. Methods Participants (n = 29, BMI = 25–35 kg/m2) engaged in aerobic exercise expending 300 or 600 kcal, 5 days/weeks for 12 weeks. The reinforcing value of food (PMaxfood) was measured via a computer-based operant responding task and RRVfood was calculated as the reinforcing value of food relative to non-eating sedentary behaviors. RMR was determined by indirect calorimetry and body composition by DXA. Results Post-training FFM correlated with usual post-training EI (rs = 0.41, p < 0.05), PMaxfood (rs=0.52, p < 0.01), and RMR (rs = 0.85, p < 0.0001). ∆RMR negatively correlated with ∆PMaxfood (rs = − 0.38, p < 0.05) and with ∆RRVfood (rs = − 0.37, p < 0.05). ∆PMaxfood and ∆RRVfood were not associated with ∆FFM (p = 0.71, p = 0.57, respectively). Conclusions Reductions in RMR with weight loss may increase food reinforcement as means of restoring FFM and RMR to pre-weight loss amounts. Limiting reductions in RMR during weight loss may benefit weight maintenance by restricting increases in food reinforcement after weight loss.

scholarly journals Factors influencing the composition of the weight lost by obese patients on a reducing diet

1980 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merril L. Durrant ◽  
J. S. Garrow ◽  
P. Royston ◽  
Susan F. Stalley ◽  
Shirley Sunkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
N Loss ◽  
The Third ◽  
Highest Weight

1.Weight loss, resting metabolic rate and nitrogen loss were measured in forty obese inpatients on reducing diets.2. Five subjects ate 3·55 MJ/d for 6 weeks (Expt I). Twenty-one subjects ate 4.2 MJ/d for the first week, 2·0 MJ/d for the second week and 4 2 MJ/d for the third week (Expt 2). Fourteen subjects ate 3·4 MJ/d for the first week and then 0.87 MJ protein or carbohydrate for the second or third weeks, using a cross-over design for alternate patients (Expt 3).3. Patients in Expt I had highest weight loss and N loss in the first 2 weeks, but adapted to the energy restriction over the remaining weeks. On average subjects were in N balance at the end of the study.4. In Expt 2 patients eating 2·0 MJ/d in week 2 showed increased weight loss compared with week I.N loss was not raised but it failed to decrease as it had in Expt I. Weight loss and N loss were reduced on return to 4.2 MJ/d for a third week.5. In Expt 3 patients eating 0·87 MJ protein showed significantly more weight loss and less N loss than patients eating 0·87 MJ carbohydrate.6. Resting metabolic rate decreased with time on the low-energy diet, but the manipulations of energy or protein content did not significantly affect the pattern of decrease.7. Both weight loss and N loss were greater the lower the energy intake, and both decreased with time. Diets with a high protein:energy value give a favourable value for N:weight loss at each level of energy intake.

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