Nutritional genomics: food industry applications from farm to fork

Nutritional genomics is a new and promising science area which can broadly be defined as the application of high throughput genomics (transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics/metabonomics) and functional genomic technologies to the study of nutritional sciences and food technology. First utilised in the food industry by plant biotechnologists to manipulate plant biosynthetic pathways, the use of genomic technologies has now spread within the agriculture sector, unleashing a host of new applications (e.g. approaches for producing novel, non-transgenic plant varietals; identification of genetic markers to guide plant and animal breeding programmes; exploration of diet–gene interactions for enhancing product quality and plant/animal health). Beyond agriculture, genomic technologies are also contributing to the improvement of food processing, food safety and quality assurance as well as the development of functional food products and the evolution of new health management concepts such as ‘personalised nutrition’, an emerging paradigm in which the diet of an individual is customised, based on their own genomic information, to optimise health and prevent disease. In this review the relevance of nutritional genomics to the food industry will be considered and examples given on how this science area is starting to be leveraged for economic benefits and to improve human nutrition and health.

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Economic considerations of enhanced BRD control

Animal Health Research Reviews ◽

10.1017/s1466252320000304 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 139-142

Author(s):

Derrell S. Peel

Keyword(s):

Health Management ◽

Animal Health ◽

Economic Incentives ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Complex Nature ◽

Health Issues ◽

Cattle Industry ◽

And Function ◽

Benefits And Costs ◽

Economic Considerations

AbstractCattle producers and animal health professionals are increasingly frustrated by the inability to reduce the impacts of bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Improved BRD control is difficult due to the complex nature of the disease; the complexity of cattle industry structure and function; and the imbalance of economic incentives for enhanced BRD control. Success in improving BRD control will depend on an industry-wide comprehensive effort to address lifetime animal health issues as well as correcting or offsetting imbalances in economic benefits and costs for enhanced animal health management across cattle production sectors.

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Biotransformation of Polyphenols in Apple Pomace Fermented by β-Glucosidase-Producing Lactobacillus rhamnosus L08

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10061343 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1343

Author(s):

Lihua Liu ◽

Chenyi Zhang ◽

Huimin Zhang ◽

Guoqiang Qu ◽

Chun Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Food Industry ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Apple Pomace ◽

High Cell ◽

Bioactive Components ◽

Glucosidase Activity ◽

Phenolic Profiles

Apple pomace, the main by-product in apple processing, is a cheap source of bioactive compounds that could be used in the food industry. However, the value of this by-product is still far from being fully realized. In this study, 11 strains of Lactobacillus strains were assayed for β-glucosidase activity, and only Lactobacillus rhamnosus L08 (L. rhamnosus L08) showed high cell-membrane associated β-glucosidase activity. We then evaluated the effects of fermentation of apple pomace using the selected strain, focusing on the biotransformation of polyphenols and antioxidant capacity. We found that L. rhamnosus L08 fermentation significantly reduced the contents of quercitrin and phlorizin in apple pomace, while increasing the contents of quercetin and phloretin. The contents of gallic acid, epicatechin acid, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid were also increased in apple pomace after fermentation. In addition, the antioxidant activities of apple pomace were enhanced during fermentation, based on the bioconversion of phenolic profiles. Our results demonstrate that lactic acid bacteria fermentation is a promising approach to enhance the bioactivity of phenolic compounds in apple pomace. Moreover, this study demonstrates that, as a valuable processing by-product with bioactive components, apple pomace can be used in the food industry to provide economic benefits.

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‘Don’t Put the Cart before the Mule!’ Challenging Assumptions Regarding Health-Related Treatment Practices of Working Equid Owners in Northern India

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11051307 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 1307

Author(s):

Caroline Nye ◽

Tamlin Watson ◽

Laura M. Kubasiewicz ◽

Zoe Raw ◽

Faith Burden

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Lived Experience ◽

Health Management ◽

Animal Health ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Treatment Practices ◽

Northern India ◽

Brick Kilns ◽

Treatment Measures ◽

Working Equids

This paper challenges assumptions that the health management of working equids among some of India’s poorest communities is mainly dependent upon income, economic influence, or access to veterinary services. Using a mixed-methods approach, hierarchies of treatment practices are revealed through an examination of the ‘lived experience’ of equid owners in brick kilns and construction sites in northern India. Semi-structured interviews with 37 equid owners and corresponding livelihood surveys, combined with data from two focus groups with professional animal health practitioners and the welfare data of 63 working equids collected using the Equid Assessment, Research, and Scoping (EARS) tool, contributed to the findings of the study. Four principal influencing factors were found to affect the decision-making practices of equid owners. Infrastructural factors, community characteristics and experience, owners’ characteristics and experience, and economic factors all impact the belief structures of equid owners. However, without verifying the validity of the treatment measures being employed, some animals are at risk from hazardous treatment behaviours. By understanding decision-making using the theory of planned behaviour, the findings of this study can provide a crucial contribution to informing future interventions involved in the health management and welfare of working equids.

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29 Demonstrating the Effects of Deworming and Implanting Weaned Calves for Retained Ownership on Pasture in Eastern Oklahoma

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz397.013 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 6-6

Author(s):

Paul A Beck ◽

Earl Ward ◽

Scott Clawson ◽

Brian Pugh ◽

Rodney Farris

Keyword(s):

Performance Enhancement ◽

Animal Health ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Early Summer ◽

Research Station ◽

Mixed Grass ◽

Main Plot ◽

Growth Promoting ◽

Retained Ownership ◽

Implant Treatment

Abstract The majority of cow-calf producers in Oklahoma sell their calves at weaning. Preconditioning and retained ownership through the stocker phase provides economic benefits to these operations. The objectives of this demonstration were to illustrate the benefits of growth promoting technologies for calves post-weaning. Calves (n = 39 heifers and 24 steers; BW = 229 ± 23.9 kg) from the OSU Eastern Research Station cowherd were weaned on day – 20 (April 15) and preconditioned. On day 0 (May 6), calves (n = 20 heifers and 12 steers) were treated for internal parasites (Dectomax, Zoetis Animal Health) and evenly allocated to 2 Bermudagrass/tall fescue pastures (9.5 ± 1.42 ha) for 143 days. The remaining calves (n = 19 heifers and 12 steers) were not treated for parasites and allocated to 2 pastures (9.1 ± 1.42 ha). In each pasture, ½ of the calves of each sex were implanted (Synovex-S or Synovex-H, Zoetis). Calves dewormed on day 0 and were dewormed again on day 70 (July 16). Data were analyzed as a split plot experimental design with dewormer treatment as the main plot and calf sex and implant treatment were the split plots. There were no interactions among calf sex, deworming, and implants (P ≥ 0.42). Steers were heavier (P < 0.01) than heifers throughout the summer, but did not have an advantage in gain performance (P ≥ 0.22). Deworming did not impact (P = 0.44) overall growth performance of calves, but did numerically (P = 0.18) increase ADG from day 71 to 143 by 0.15 kg/d. Growth promoting implants increased (P = 0.03) daily gains by 0.09 kg/day in the early summer and over the entire summer by 0.07 kg/day (P < 0.01). The combination of deworming and implants increased (P = 0.01) season long ADG by 0.11 kg/day over unimplanted controls. This demonstration was used to illustrate the potential that growth promoting implants and deworming provides for economically beneficial performance enhancement for retained stocker calves on mixed grass pasture.

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Selective Diversification of Aquaculture Stocks: A Proposal for Economically Sustainable Genetic Conservation

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f91-313 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 48 (S1) ◽

pp. 148-154 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

R. W. Doyle ◽

N. L. Shackel ◽

Z. Basiao ◽

S. Uraiwan ◽

T. Matricia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

National Level ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Conservation Strategy ◽

Environment Interaction ◽

Production Traits ◽

Local Environments ◽

Genotype Frequencies ◽

Genetic Impact ◽

Breeding Programmes

The genetic diversity of aquaculture stocks can be maintained, and their genetic impact on wild stocks minimized, by breeding programmes that deliberately generate genetic diversity. Current animal breeding practices are likely to reduce the diversity of domestic stocks if they are extended to aquaculture. It is proposed that national breeding programmes for aquaculture should, instead, try to develop numerous breeds specially adapted to local environments and aquaculture systems. An economic model is presented of decision-making by individual farmers who, in choosing which breed to produce, determine the "fitness" of the breeds in a meta-population that includes all breeds. As long as strong genotype-environment interaction for production traits is maintained by artificial selection, the economic self-interest of farmers should ensure the stability of genetic polymorphisms among breeds. Genetic variation would be conserved (in the among-breed component of genetic diversity) but not the primordial distribution of gene and genotype frequencies. Economic benefits to farmers, plus a high return on investment at the national or supra-national level, makes breed diversification an attractive conservation strategy even though it is admittedly a compromise from a purely genetic viewpoint.

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Possible Economic Benefits from Mandatory Workplace Health Management Systems

Proceedings of the International Conference on Economics, Management and Technology in Enterprises 2019 (EMT 2019) ◽

10.2991/emt-19.2019.31 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Thomas Schiller

Keyword(s):

Health Management ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Management Systems ◽

Workplace Health ◽

Workplace Health Management

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Regional Approach to Aquatic Animal Health Management-Views and Programs of the Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia—Pacific

Aquaculture Biosecurity ◽

10.1002/9780470376850.ch3 ◽

2008 ◽

pp. 17-29

Author(s):

C.V. Mohan ◽

Melba G. BondadReantaso

Keyword(s):

Health Management ◽

Animal Health ◽

Asia Pacific ◽

Aquatic Animal ◽

Regional Approach

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Organic Waste Management and Integrated Bio-Cycle Farming System for Sustainable Development in Tropical Ecosystem

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.898.45 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 898 ◽

pp. 45-50

Author(s):

Cahyono Agus ◽

Pita Asih Bekti Cahyanti ◽

Bambang Suhartanto ◽

Pipit Noviyani

Keyword(s):

Health Management ◽

Biomass Productivity ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Farming System ◽

Integrated System ◽

Good Prospect ◽

Tropical Ecosystem ◽

Agriculture Sector ◽

Key Characteristics

The tropical ecosystem had high biomass productivity but still less in economic values. Integrated Bio-cycle Farming System (IBFS) was an alternative system that harmoniously combines agricultural sectors (agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, plantation estate, horticulture) and non-agricultural aspects (industry, household, infrastructure, the marketplace) on integrated ecological management. The key characteristics of IBFS developed in UGM University Farm were (i) an integration of agriculture and non-agriculture sector, (ii) value of environment, esthetics and economics, (iii) rotation and diversity of plants, (iv) artificial and functional biotechnology, (v) management of closed organic cycle, (vi) ecosystem health management, (vii) agropolitan concept, (viii) specific management of plant and (ix) holistic and integrated system. The management of cycle of energy, organic matter and carbon, water, nutrient, production, crop, money conducted through 9R (reuse, reduce, recycle, refill, replace, repair, replant, rebuild, reward) to obtain optimal benefits for global environment and livelihood. The system had a sustainable multifunction and multi-product (food, feed, fuel, fiber, fertilizer, biopharma, water, energy, oxygen, edutainment, eco-tourism). They would meet the expected basic need for daily-, monthly-, yearly- and decade’s income at short-, medium- and long- term periods. IBFS was a good prospect for sustainable economic, environmental, and socio-culture aspects.

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