scholarly journals High bone concentrations of homocysteine are associated with altered bone morphology in humans

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joerg H. Holstein ◽  
Markus Herrmann ◽  
Christina Splett ◽  
Wolfgang Herrmann ◽  
Patric Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Structure ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Bone Morphology ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Methylation Capacity ◽  
High Bone ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Cancellous Bone Structure ◽  
Trabecular Number

Accumulation of homocysteine and S-adenosylhomocysteine in bone has been shown to be associated with reduced bone quality in rats. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether high bone concentrations of homocysteine and S-adenosylhomocysteine as well as a low methylation capacity are related to an impaired bone morphology in humans. Concentrations of homocysteine and its precursors S-adenosylhomocysteine and S-adenosylmethionine were measured in femoral bone samples of eighty-two males and females (age 71 (sd 8) years) who underwent elective hip arthroplasty. Cancellous bone structure was analysed by histomorphometry. In addition, blood was sampled to measure serum concentrations of homocysteine. Results of bone and serum analyses were grouped for individuals with high or low bone concentrations of homocysteine, S-adenosylhomocysteine and S-adenosylmethionine, as well as for individuals with a high or a low methylation capacity, which is indicated by a low or a high S-adenosylhomocysteine:S-adenosylmethionine ratio (n 41, each). Histomorphometry showed a higher trabecular separation and a lower trabecular thickness, trabecular number and trabecular area in individuals with high bone concentrations of homocysteine and S-adenosylhomocysteine compared with individuals with low bone concentrations of homocysteine and S-adenosylhomocysteine. There was no association between the S-adenosylhomocysteine:S-adenosylmethionine ratio and bone morphology. It was found that 48 % of bone homocysteine was bound to the collagen of the extracellular bone matrix. Blood analyses demonstrated a significant correlation between serum and bone homocysteine. The results of the present study indicate an association between altered bone morphology and elevated bone concentrations of homocysteine and S-adenosylhomocysteine, but not between altered bone morphology and methylation capacity.

scholarly journals Current concepts in osteogenesis imperfecta: bone structure, biomechanics and medical management

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Nijhuis ◽  
D. M. Eastwood ◽  
J. Allgrove ◽  
I. Hvid ◽  
H. H. Weinans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osteogenesis Imperfecta ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Bone Architecture ◽  
Mechanical Anisotropy ◽  
Bone Biomechanics ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Osteocyte Lacunae ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

The majority of patients with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) have mutations in the COL1A1 or COL1A2 gene, which has consequences for the composition of the bone matrix and bone architecture. The mutations result in overmodified collagen molecules, thinner collagen fibres and hypermineralization of bone tissue at a bone matrix level. Trabecular bone in OI is characterized by a lower trabecular number and connectivity as well as a lower trabecular thickness and volumetric bone mass. Cortical bone shows a decreased cortical thickness with less mechanical anisotropy and an increased pore percentage as a result of increased osteocyte lacunae and vascular porosity. Most OI patients have mutations at different locations in the COL1 gene. Disease severity in OI is probably partly determined by the nature of the primary collagen defect and its location with respect to the C-terminus of the collagen protein. The overall bone biomechanics result in a relatively weak and brittle structure. Since this is a result of all of the above-­mentioned factors as well as their interactions, there is ­considerable variation between patients, and accurate prediction on bone strength in the individual patient with OI is difficult. Current treatment of OI focuses on adequate vitamin-D levels and interventions in the bone turnover cycle with bisphosphonates. Bisphosphonates increase bone mineral density, but the evidence on improvement of clinical status remains limited. Effects of newer drugs such as antibodies against RANKL and sclerostin are currently under investigation. This paper was written under the guidance of the Study Group Genetics and Metabolic Diseases of the European Paediatric Orthopaedic Society.

scholarly journals Effect of oligofructose or dietary calcium on repeated calcium and phosphorus balances, bone mineralization and trabecular structure in ovariectomized rats

2002 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina E. Scholz-Ahrens ◽  
Yahya Açil ◽  
Jürgen Schrezenmeir
Keyword(s):  
Bone Structure ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Lumbar Vertebra ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Bone Area ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Trabecular Bone Area ◽  
Mineral Levels ◽  
Trabecular Number ◽  
Recommended Level

We investigated the effects of dietary oligofructose and Ca on bone structure in ovariectomized rats, using microradiography and histomorphometry. Ninety-six animals were allocated to seven experimental groups: G1, sham-operated; G2–G7, ovariectomized. Semi-purified diets containing 5 g Ca/kg (recommended content) without oligofructose (G1, G2) or with 25, 50 or 100 g oligofructose/kg (G3, G4, G5) or 10 g Ca/kg (high content) without oligofructose (G6) or with 50 g oligofructose/kg (G7) were fed for 16 weeks. At the recommended level of Ca, high oligofructose (G5) increased femur mineral levels in ovariectomized rats, while medium oligofructose did so at high Ca. Increasing Ca in the absence of oligofructose did not increase femur mineral content. Trabecular bone area (%) analysed in the tibia was 10·3 (SEM 1·2) (G1), 7·7 (SEM 0·6) (G2), 9·3 (SEM 0·7) (G3), 9·4 (SEM 1·0) (G4), 9·5 (SEM 0·7) (G5), 10·2 (SEM 0·8) (G6), and 12·6 (SEM 0·8) (G7). At the recommended level of Ca, 25 g oligofructose/kg prevented loss of trabecular area due to increased trabecular thickness, while 50 or 100 g oligofructose/kg increased trabecular perimeter. At high Ca, oligofructose prevented loss of bone area due to increased trabecular number but similar thickness (G7v. G6). When Ca was raised in the presence of oligofructose (G7), trabecular area and cortical thickness were highest, while loss of trabecular connectivity was lowest of all groups. At the same time, lumbar vertebra Ca was higher; 44·0 (SEM 0·8) (G7) compared with 41·6 (SEM 0·8) (G2), 41·4 (SEM 0·7) (G4), and 40·5 (SEM 1·0) mg (G6). We conclude that ovariectomy-induced loss of bone structure in the tibia was prevented but with different trabecular architecture, depending on whether dietary Ca was increased, oligofructose was incorporated, or both. Oligofructose was most effective when dietary Ca was high.

scholarly journals Measurement of trabecular bone parameters with different bone thickness and voxel size in mice using micro CT

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-68
Author(s):  
Nurin Nadzlah Abu Bakar ◽  
Basri Saidi ◽  
Lyana Shahirah Mohamad Yamin
Keyword(s):  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Bone Morphology ◽  
Bone Volume Fraction ◽  
Voxel Size ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Bone Parameters ◽  
Trabecular Separation ◽  
Trabecular Number

Micro-CT is one of the best modalities in assessing bone morphology and microarchitecture in small animal models. Voxel size is directly related to the image resolution as it influences the bone morphology results. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of t different thicknesses of structures on the trabecular bone qualitative parameters. It was also to find out the most appropriate voxel size when scanning a certain or specific body part with different thicknesses. Five BALB-C breed mice carcasses were scanned using two different voxel sizes of 18 and 35 µm. The scanning acquisition times were recorded to be compared and the trabecular bone parameters measurements were taken. Both trabecular number and trabecular separation were increased in thicker structures meanwhile bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness values were inconsistent with the increment of the structure thickness. The bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness and trabecular separation were higher in larger voxel size and vice versa for trabecular number. The scanning acquisition time has no apparent correlation with the trabecular bone parameters. The thickness of the bone structure did affect trabecular number and trabecular separation significantly but less affecting bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness. All trabecular bone parameters were found affected by the size of scanning voxel size used. The usage of 35 µm voxel was more recommended than 18 µm to save time and give out less radiation dose to specimen unless the detailed features of the trabecular pattern was very important.

The Ovariectomised Sheep as a Model for Testing Biomaterials and Prosthetic Devices in Osteopenic Bone: A Preliminary Study on Iliac Crest Biopsies

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fini ◽  
G. Pierini ◽  
G. Giavaresi ◽  
G. Biagini ◽  
M. Mattioli Belmonte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Iliac Crest ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Iliac Crest Biopsy ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Prosthetic Devices ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Osteopenic Bone ◽  
Trabecular Number

A histomorphometric and ultrastructural evaluation on sheep iliac bone was performed. Six sheep were ovariectomised (OVX Group) and 6 were left intact (Sham-aged, Control Group). An iliac crest biopsy was performed randomly in 6 animals at the beginning of the study, then, in all the animals, after 12 and 24 months. A significant decrease in trabecular bone volume, trabecular thickness (p<0.0005) and cell volume (p<0.005) was observed in OVX animals. A modest decrease in trabecular number and osteoid thickness together with an increase in trabecular separation were observed in OVX animals at 12 and 24 months. The osteoid volume showed a significant difference (p<0.05) between the groups. In OVX animals, at 12 months, Scanning Electron Microscopy revealed an enlargement of the trabecular space and a progressive replacement of bone matrix with adipose tissue. These signs were accentuated at 24 months. In conclusion, OVX sheep showed a loss of trabecular bone starting at 12 months after ovariectomy. The developed osteopenic state may be considered as a useful tool when doing research on biomaterial osteointegration. (Int J Artif Organs 2000; 23: 275–81)

scholarly journals Osseointegration of a novel dental implant in canine

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingxiao Wang ◽  
Zhenhua Gao ◽  
Yucheng Su ◽  
Qian Liu ◽  
Yi Ge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Bone Implant ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Trabecular Number ◽  
Histological Staining

AbstractThis study aimed to compare and verify the osseointegration performance of a novel implant (NI) in vivo, which could provide a useful scientific basis for the further development of NIs. Thirty-two NIs treated with hydrofluoric acid and anodization and sixteen control implants (CIs) were placed in the mandibles of 8 beagles. Micro-CT showed that the trabecular number (Tb.N) significantly increased and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) significantly decreased in the NIs at 2 weeks. Significant differences were found in the trabecular thickness, Tb.N, Tb.Sp, bone surface/bone volume ratio, and bone volume/total volume ratio between the two groups from the 2nd–4th weeks. However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in the bone volume density at 2, 4, 8, or 12 weeks or bone-implant contact at 2 or 4 weeks, but the BIC in the CIs was higher than that in the NIs at the 8th and 12th weeks. Meanwhile, the histological staining showed a similar osseointegration process between the two groups over time. Overall, the NIs could be used as new potential implants after further improvement.

Temporal changes in cancellous bone structure of rats immediately after ovariectomy

Bone ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.W. Dempster ◽  
R. Birchman ◽  
R. Xu ◽  
R. Lindsay ◽  
V. Shen
Keyword(s):  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Cancellous Bone Structure

Compromised Volumetric Bone Density and Microarchitecture in men with Congenital Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnès Ostertag ◽  
Georgios E Papadakis ◽  
Corinne Collet ◽  
Severine Trabado ◽  
Luigi Maione ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Markers ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Trabecular Microarchitecture ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Congenital Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism

Abstract Context Men with Congenital Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism (CHH) and Kallmann syndrome (KS) have both low circulating testosterone and estradiol levels. Whether bone structure is affected remains unknown. Objective To characterize bone geometry, volumetric density and microarchitecture in CHH/KS. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting One tertiary academic French center. Patients and Controls 51 genotyped CHH/KS patients and 40 healthy volunteers were included. Ninety-eight percent of CHH/KS men had received testosterone and/or combined gonadotropins. Intervention(s) High-resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (HR-pQCT), Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and measurement of serum bone markers. Main Outcome Volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), cortical and trabecular microarchitecture. Results CHH and controls did not differ for age, BMI, vitamin D and PTH levels. Despite long-term hormonal treatment (10.8 ± 6.8 years), DXA showed lower areal BMD in CHH/KS at lumbar spine, total hip, femoral neck and distal radius. Consistent with persistently higher serum bone markers, HR-pQCT revealed lower cortical and trabecular vBMD as well as cortical thickness at the tibia and the radius. CHH/KS men had altered trabecular microarchitecture with a predominant decrease of trabecular thickness. Moreover, CHH/KS men exhibited lower cortical bone area, whereas total and trabecular areas were higher only at the tibia. Earlier treatment onset (before the age of 19 years) conferred a significant advantage for trabecular bone volume/tissue volume and trabecular vBMD at the tibia. Conclusion Both vBMD and bone microarchitecture remain impaired in CHH/KS men despite long-term hormonal treatment. Treatment initiation during adolescence is associated with enhanced trabecular outcomes, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis.

scholarly journals Simulation of cortico-cancellous bone structure by 3D printing of bilayer calcium phosphate-based scaffolds

Bioprinting ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thafar Almela ◽  
Ian M. Brook ◽  
Kimia Khoshroo ◽  
Morteza Rasoulianboroujeni ◽  
Farahnaz Fahimipour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Cancellous Bone Structure

scholarly journals Osteoblastic Response to the Defective Matrix in the Osteogenesis Imperfecta Murine (oim) Mouse

Endocrinology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 143 (5) ◽  
pp. 1594-1601 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Kalajzic ◽  
J. Terzic ◽  
Z. Rumboldt ◽  
K. Mack ◽  
A. Naprta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Osteogenesis Imperfecta ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Transferase Activity ◽  
Osteoblast Activity ◽  
Chloramphenicol Acetyl Transferase Activity ◽  
High Bone ◽  
Normal Quantity ◽  
And Control

Abstract This work examines the cellular pathophysiology associated with the weakened bone matrix found in a murine model of osteogenesis imperfecta murine (oim). Histomorphometric analysis of oim/oim bone showed significantly diminished bone mass, and the osteoblast and osteoclast histomorphometric parameters were increased in the oim/oim mice, compared with wild-type (+/+) mice. To assess osteoblast activity, a rat Col1a1 promoter linked to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter transgene was bred into the oim model. At 8 d and 1 month of age, no difference in transgene activity between oim and control mice was observed. However, at 3 months of age, chloramphenicol acetyl transferase activity was elevated in oim/oim;Tg/Tg, compared with +/+;Tg/Tg and oim/+;Tg/Tg. High levels of urinary pyridinoline crosslinks in the oim/oim;Tg/Tg mice were present at all ages, reflecting continuing high bone resorption. Our data portray a state of ineffective osteogenesis in which the mutant mouse never accumulates a normal quantity of bone matrix. However, it is only after the completion of the rapid growth phase that the high activity of the oim/oim osteoblast can compensate for the high rate of bone resorption. This relationship between bone formation and resorption may explain why the severity of osteogenesis imperfecta decreases after puberty is completed. The ability to quantify high bone turnover and advantages of using a transgene that reflects osteoblast lineage activity make this a useful model for studying interventions designed to improve the bone strength in osteogenesis imperfecta.

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