scholarly journals Effect of oligofructose or dietary calcium on repeated calcium and phosphorus balances, bone mineralization and trabecular structure in ovariectomized rats

2002 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina E. Scholz-Ahrens ◽  
Yahya Açil ◽  
Jürgen Schrezenmeir
Keyword(s):  
Bone Structure ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Lumbar Vertebra ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Bone Area ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Trabecular Bone Area ◽  
Mineral Levels ◽  
Trabecular Number ◽  
Recommended Level

We investigated the effects of dietary oligofructose and Ca on bone structure in ovariectomized rats, using microradiography and histomorphometry. Ninety-six animals were allocated to seven experimental groups: G1, sham-operated; G2–G7, ovariectomized. Semi-purified diets containing 5 g Ca/kg (recommended content) without oligofructose (G1, G2) or with 25, 50 or 100 g oligofructose/kg (G3, G4, G5) or 10 g Ca/kg (high content) without oligofructose (G6) or with 50 g oligofructose/kg (G7) were fed for 16 weeks. At the recommended level of Ca, high oligofructose (G5) increased femur mineral levels in ovariectomized rats, while medium oligofructose did so at high Ca. Increasing Ca in the absence of oligofructose did not increase femur mineral content. Trabecular bone area (%) analysed in the tibia was 10·3 (SEM 1·2) (G1), 7·7 (SEM 0·6) (G2), 9·3 (SEM 0·7) (G3), 9·4 (SEM 1·0) (G4), 9·5 (SEM 0·7) (G5), 10·2 (SEM 0·8) (G6), and 12·6 (SEM 0·8) (G7). At the recommended level of Ca, 25 g oligofructose/kg prevented loss of trabecular area due to increased trabecular thickness, while 50 or 100 g oligofructose/kg increased trabecular perimeter. At high Ca, oligofructose prevented loss of bone area due to increased trabecular number but similar thickness (G7v. G6). When Ca was raised in the presence of oligofructose (G7), trabecular area and cortical thickness were highest, while loss of trabecular connectivity was lowest of all groups. At the same time, lumbar vertebra Ca was higher; 44·0 (SEM 0·8) (G7) compared with 41·6 (SEM 0·8) (G2), 41·4 (SEM 0·7) (G4), and 40·5 (SEM 1·0) mg (G6). We conclude that ovariectomy-induced loss of bone structure in the tibia was prevented but with different trabecular architecture, depending on whether dietary Ca was increased, oligofructose was incorporated, or both. Oligofructose was most effective when dietary Ca was high.

Effect of Dang-Gui-Ji-Hwang-Yeum on Osteoporosis in Ovariectomized Rats

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (03) ◽  
pp. 351-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han-Jung Chae ◽  
Dong-Hyeon Yun ◽  
Hee-Young Chin ◽  
Sim-Keum Yoo ◽  
Hyung-Min Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Bone Surface ◽  
Bone Area ◽  
Surface Appearance ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Ovx Rats ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Trabecular Bone Area

Dang-Gui-Ji-Hwang Yeum (DGJHY; an Oriental prescription), has been successfully used for the management of osteoporotic disorders in China, Japan and Korea. In this study, we have characterized the effect of DGJHY on osteoporosis-associated phenomena in ovariectomized (OVX) rats by measuring body weights and bone histomorphometries in sham, OVX and DGJHY-administered OVX rats. Light microscopic analyses showed a porous or an eroded appearance on the tibial trabecular bone surface in OVX rats, whereas those of the sham and DGJHY-administered OVX rats were composed of fine particles. The trabecular bone area and the trabecular thickness in OVX rats were significantly lower than those of sham rats. Moreover, these reductions in OVX rats were significantly reversed by the administration of DGJHY for 7 weeks, and osteoclast numbers were also significantly reduced. Although no differences were observed between OVX and DGJHY-administered OVX rats and the sham animals at the T 3 level, we have found significant differences between these two groups at the T 4 level. However, serum phosphorus, calcium, mechanical strength and the surface appearance of osteoblasts in the DGJHY-administered OVX rats were similar to those of OVX rats. These results suggest that DGJHY is effective at preventing bone loss in OVX rats.

scholarly journals Prolonged low-dose infusion of human parathyroid hormone does not increase femoral cancellous bone volume in ovariectomized rats

1999 ◽  
pp. 70-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Morley ◽  
JF Whitfield ◽  
GE Willick ◽  
V Ross ◽  
S MacLean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Human Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Trabecular Number

OBJECTIVE: Daily injections of human parathyroid hormone (hPTH) increase bone volume in various animal species and in osteoporotic women. For hPTH to be widely accepted as an anabolic therapy for treating postmenopausal osteoporosis alternative delivery options need to be explored to replace the need for daily patient subcutaneous self-injection. Among these are inhalation, oral delivery and the use of programmable implanted minipumps to deliver the peptide. While infusion of high doses of PTH causes bone loss and hypercalcemia, no studies have assessed the effects of prolonged infusion of low doses of PTH on bone growth. DESIGN AND METHODS: [Leu(27)]-cyclo(Glu(22)-Lys(26))-hPTH-(1--31)NH(2) was delivered by Alzet minipumps to ovariectomized rats for 6 weeks after which histomorphometric indices (cancellous bone volume, trabecular thickness, mean trabecular number) of bone formation were measured in distal femurs. RESULTS: Infusing low doses (0.05 and 0.1 nmole/100g body weight/day) of the hPTH analog, [Leu(27)]-cyclo(Glu(22)-Lys(26))-hPTH-(1--31)NH(2), for 6 weeks does not prevent the ovariectomy-induced loss of rat femoral cancellous bone volume, trabecular thickness or trabecular number. CONCLUSION: These results support the absolute requirement of daily injections for the osteogenic action of hPTH on bone.

scholarly journals Doping dose of salbutamol and exercise training: impact on the skeleton of ovariectomized rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 524-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Bonnet ◽  
N. Laroche ◽  
H. Beaupied ◽  
L. Vico ◽  
E. Dolleans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Bone Cell ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Ovx Rats ◽  
Bone Quantity

Previous studies in healthy rats have demonstrated a deleterious bone impact of β-agonist treatment. The purpose of this study was to examine the trabecular and cortical effects of β2-agonists at doping dose on treadmill exercising rats with estrogen deficiency. Adult female rats were ovariectomized (OVX; n = 44) or sham operated ( n = 12). Then, OVX rats received a subcutaneous injection of salbutamol (SAB) or vehicle with (EXE) or without treadmill exercise for 10 wk. Bone mineral density (BMD) was analyzed by densitometry. Microcomputed tomography and histomorphometric analysis were performed to study trabecular bone structure and bone cell activities. After 10 wk, SAB rats presented a much more marked decrease of BMD and trabecular parameters. Exercise did not change the high level of bone resorption in OVX EXE SAB compared with OVX SAB group (both on COOH-terminal collagen cross-links and osteoclast number). These results confirm the deleterious effect of β2-agonists on bone quantity (femoral BMD gain: OVX EXE, +6.8%, vs. OVX EXE SAB, −1.8%; P < 0.01) and quality (−8.0% of femoral trabecular thickness in OVX EXE SAB vs. OVX EXE), indicating that SAB suppresses the effect of EXE in OVX rats. Furthermore, we notice that the slight beneficial effect of exercise was mainly localized in the tibia. These findings indicate the presence of a bone alteration threshold below which there is no more alteration in structural bone quantity and quality. The negative effects of SAB on bone observed in this study in trained rats may indicate potential complications in doping female athletes with exercise-induced amenorrhea.

scholarly journals Effects of Vitamin E on Bone Biomechanical and Histomorphometric Parameters in Ovariectomized Rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafaela G. Feresin ◽  
Sarah A. Johnson ◽  
Marcus L. Elam ◽  
Jeong-Su Kim ◽  
Dania A. Khalil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Lumbar Vertebra ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose

The present study examined the dose-dependent effect of vitamin E in reversing bone loss in ovariectomized (Ovx) rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were either Sham-operated (Sham) or Ovx and fed control diet for 120 days to lose bone. Subsequently, rats were divided into 5 groups (n=12/group): Sham, Ovx-control, low dose (Ovx + 300 mg/kg diet; LD), medium dose (Ovx + 525 mg/kg diet; MD), and high dose (Ovx + 750 mg/kg diet; HD) of vitamin E and sacrificed after 100 days. Animals receiving MD and HD of vitamin E had increased serum alkaline phosphatase compared to the Ovx-control group. Bone histomorphometry analysis indicated a decrease in bone resorption as well as increased bone formation and mineralization in the Ovx groups supplemented with MD and HD of vitamin E. Microcomputed tomography findings indicated no effects of vitamin E on trabecular bone of fifth lumbar vertebrae. Animals receiving HD of vitamin E had enhanced fourth lumbar vertebra quality as evidenced by improved ultimate and yield load and stress when compared to Ovx-control group. These findings demonstrate that vitamin E improves bone quality, attenuates bone resorption, and enhances the rate of bone formation while being unable to restore bone density and trabecular bone structure.

The effects of ovarian transplantation on bone loss in ovariectomized rats

1994 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
J H Tobias ◽  
T J Chambers ◽  
A Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Vaginal Smears ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Ovarian Transplantation ◽  
Trabecular Number

Abstract Although hormone replacement therapy can prevent postmenopausal bone loss, it does not restore bone mass to normal in patients with established osteoporosis. This might reflect a failure to reproduce certain aspects of gonadal function. One method of investigating this possibility would be to examine the effect of ovarian transplantation on the skeleton of osteopaenic ovariectomized rats. However, ovarian transplantation may not fully restore ovarian function to normal, and it is not known whether transplanted ovaries reproduce the action of native ovaries on the skeleton. Therefore, we investigated whether renal capsular or subcutaneous ovarian transplants prevent the effects of ovariectomy on histomorphometric indices of rat tibiae over 44 days. Daily vaginal smears showed that oestrous cycles returned in all but two of 25 animals receiving ovarian transplants. We found that ovarian transplantation prevented the reduction in cancellous bone volume following ovariectomy. While trabecular number was reduced in ovariectomized animals receiving renal capsular ovarian transplants compared to intact animals, trabecular thickness was increased in both transplant groups. Ovarian transplantation also prevented the increase in cancellous and cortical bone formation, cancellous bone resorption and longitudinal growth rate caused by ovariectomy. We conclude that restoration of ovarian function by ovarian transplantation largely prevents the effects of ovariectomy on histomorphometric indices of rat tibiae, suggesting that transplanted ovaries can substitute for the action of native ovaries on the skeleton. Journal of Endocrinology (1994) 142, 187–192

scholarly journals High bone concentrations of homocysteine are associated with altered bone morphology in humans

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joerg H. Holstein ◽  
Markus Herrmann ◽  
Christina Splett ◽  
Wolfgang Herrmann ◽  
Patric Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Structure ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Bone Morphology ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Methylation Capacity ◽  
High Bone ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Cancellous Bone Structure ◽  
Trabecular Number

Accumulation of homocysteine and S-adenosylhomocysteine in bone has been shown to be associated with reduced bone quality in rats. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether high bone concentrations of homocysteine and S-adenosylhomocysteine as well as a low methylation capacity are related to an impaired bone morphology in humans. Concentrations of homocysteine and its precursors S-adenosylhomocysteine and S-adenosylmethionine were measured in femoral bone samples of eighty-two males and females (age 71 (sd 8) years) who underwent elective hip arthroplasty. Cancellous bone structure was analysed by histomorphometry. In addition, blood was sampled to measure serum concentrations of homocysteine. Results of bone and serum analyses were grouped for individuals with high or low bone concentrations of homocysteine, S-adenosylhomocysteine and S-adenosylmethionine, as well as for individuals with a high or a low methylation capacity, which is indicated by a low or a high S-adenosylhomocysteine:S-adenosylmethionine ratio (n 41, each). Histomorphometry showed a higher trabecular separation and a lower trabecular thickness, trabecular number and trabecular area in individuals with high bone concentrations of homocysteine and S-adenosylhomocysteine compared with individuals with low bone concentrations of homocysteine and S-adenosylhomocysteine. There was no association between the S-adenosylhomocysteine:S-adenosylmethionine ratio and bone morphology. It was found that 48 % of bone homocysteine was bound to the collagen of the extracellular bone matrix. Blood analyses demonstrated a significant correlation between serum and bone homocysteine. The results of the present study indicate an association between altered bone morphology and elevated bone concentrations of homocysteine and S-adenosylhomocysteine, but not between altered bone morphology and methylation capacity.

scholarly journals Osseointegration of a novel dental implant in canine

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingxiao Wang ◽  
Zhenhua Gao ◽  
Yucheng Su ◽  
Qian Liu ◽  
Yi Ge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Bone Implant ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Trabecular Number ◽  
Histological Staining

AbstractThis study aimed to compare and verify the osseointegration performance of a novel implant (NI) in vivo, which could provide a useful scientific basis for the further development of NIs. Thirty-two NIs treated with hydrofluoric acid and anodization and sixteen control implants (CIs) were placed in the mandibles of 8 beagles. Micro-CT showed that the trabecular number (Tb.N) significantly increased and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) significantly decreased in the NIs at 2 weeks. Significant differences were found in the trabecular thickness, Tb.N, Tb.Sp, bone surface/bone volume ratio, and bone volume/total volume ratio between the two groups from the 2nd–4th weeks. However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in the bone volume density at 2, 4, 8, or 12 weeks or bone-implant contact at 2 or 4 weeks, but the BIC in the CIs was higher than that in the NIs at the 8th and 12th weeks. Meanwhile, the histological staining showed a similar osseointegration process between the two groups over time. Overall, the NIs could be used as new potential implants after further improvement.

scholarly journals Reproduction Differentially Affects Trabecular Bone Depending on Its Mechanical Versus Metabolic Role

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantal M. J. de Bakker ◽  
Wei-Ju Tseng ◽  
Yihan Li ◽  
Hongbo Zhao ◽  
Allison R. Altman-Singles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Lumbar Vertebra ◽  
Load Bearing Capacity ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Metabolic Role ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation

During pregnancy and lactation, the maternal skeleton provides calcium for fetal/infant growth, resulting in substantial bone loss, which partially recovers after weaning. However, the amount of bone that is lost and the extent of post-weaning recovery are highly variable among different skeletal sites, and, despite persistent alterations in bone structure at some locations, reproductive history does not increase postmenopausal fracture risk. To explain this phenomenon, we hypothesized that the degree of reproductive bone loss/recovery at trabecular sites may vary depending on the extent to which the trabecular compartment is involved in the bone’s load-bearing function. Using a rat model, we quantified the proportion of the load carried by the trabeculae, as well as the extent of reproductive bone loss and recovery, at two distinct skeletal sites: the tibia and lumbar vertebra. Both sites underwent significant bone loss during pregnancy and lactation, which was partially recovered post-weaning. However, the extent of the deterioration and the resumption of trabecular load-bearing capacity after weaning varied substantially. Tibial trabecular bone, which bore a low proportion of the total applied load, underwent dramatic and irreversible microstructural deterioration during reproduction. Meanwhile, vertebral trabecular bone bore a greater fraction of the load, underwent minimal deterioration in microarchitecture, and resumed its full load-bearing capacity after weaning. Because pregnancy and lactation are physiological processes, the distinctive responses to these natural events among different skeletal sites may help to elucidate the extent of the trabecular bone’s structural versus metabolic functions.

scholarly journals The Effects ofCosmos caudatuson Structural Bone Histomorphometry in Ovariectomized Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norazlina Mohamed ◽  
Sharon Gwee Sian Khee ◽  
Ahmad Nazrun Shuid ◽  
Norliza Muhammad ◽  
Farihah Suhaimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Histomorphometry ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Cosmos Caudatus ◽  
Bone Damage ◽  
Trabecular Separation ◽  
Trabecular Number

Osteoporosis is considered a serious debilitating disease.Cosmos caudatus(ulam raja), a plant containing antioxidant compounds and minerals, may be used to treat and prevent osteoporosis. This study determines the effectiveness ofC. caudatusas bone protective agent in postmenopausal osteoporosis rat model. Thirty-two female rats, aged 3 months old, were divided into 4 groups. Group one was sham operated (sham) while group two was ovariectomized. These two groups were given ionized water by forced feeding. Groups three and four were ovariectomized and given calcium 1% ad libitum and force-fed withC. caudatusat the dose of 500 mg/kg, respectively. Treatments were given six days per week for a period of eight weeks. Body weight was monitored every week and structural bone histomorphometry analyses of the femur bones were performed. Ovariectomy decreased trabecular bone volume (BV/TV), decreased trabecular number (Tb.N), and increased trabecular separation (Tb.Sp). Both calcium 1% and 500 mg/kgC. caudatusreversed the above structural bone histomorphometric parameters to normal level.C. caudatusshows better effect compared to calcium 1% on trabecular number (Tb.N) and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp). Therefore,Cosmos caudatus500 mg/kg has the potential to act as the therapeutic agent to restore bone damage in postmenopausal women.

Compromised Volumetric Bone Density and Microarchitecture in men with Congenital Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnès Ostertag ◽  
Georgios E Papadakis ◽  
Corinne Collet ◽  
Severine Trabado ◽  
Luigi Maione ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Markers ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Trabecular Microarchitecture ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Congenital Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism

Abstract Context Men with Congenital Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism (CHH) and Kallmann syndrome (KS) have both low circulating testosterone and estradiol levels. Whether bone structure is affected remains unknown. Objective To characterize bone geometry, volumetric density and microarchitecture in CHH/KS. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting One tertiary academic French center. Patients and Controls 51 genotyped CHH/KS patients and 40 healthy volunteers were included. Ninety-eight percent of CHH/KS men had received testosterone and/or combined gonadotropins. Intervention(s) High-resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (HR-pQCT), Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and measurement of serum bone markers. Main Outcome Volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), cortical and trabecular microarchitecture. Results CHH and controls did not differ for age, BMI, vitamin D and PTH levels. Despite long-term hormonal treatment (10.8 ± 6.8 years), DXA showed lower areal BMD in CHH/KS at lumbar spine, total hip, femoral neck and distal radius. Consistent with persistently higher serum bone markers, HR-pQCT revealed lower cortical and trabecular vBMD as well as cortical thickness at the tibia and the radius. CHH/KS men had altered trabecular microarchitecture with a predominant decrease of trabecular thickness. Moreover, CHH/KS men exhibited lower cortical bone area, whereas total and trabecular areas were higher only at the tibia. Earlier treatment onset (before the age of 19 years) conferred a significant advantage for trabecular bone volume/tissue volume and trabecular vBMD at the tibia. Conclusion Both vBMD and bone microarchitecture remain impaired in CHH/KS men despite long-term hormonal treatment. Treatment initiation during adolescence is associated with enhanced trabecular outcomes, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis.

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