scholarly journals Use of pedometers to measure the relationship of dog walking to body condition score in obese and non-obese dogs

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (S1) ◽  
pp. S85-S89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbour S. Warren ◽  
Joseph J. Wakshlag ◽  
Mary Maley ◽  
Tracy J. Farrell ◽  
Angela M. Struble ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Walking Activity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Body Condition Scoring ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The objective of the present study was to utilise an accurate canine pedometer methodology and to assess the relationship between activity and body condition score (BCS) in dogs. Initial methodology validation used videography and pedometer step measurements to assess actual steps taken in comparison with pedometer readings for twenty large, medium and small dogs. During the validation, dogs considered to be medium or large breed showed no significant difference between pedometer readings and actual steps taken. A total of seventy-seven obese and non-obese dogs over 35 cm (14 inches) shoulder height and over 10 kg were recruited from a dog obesity clinic and a community sample to assess daily walking activity. Body condition scoring and pedometer steps were assessed on three separate weeks during a 10-week period. During the activity monitoring, daily step counts ranged from 5555 to 39 970 steps/d among the seventy-seven medium and large dogs. Dogs’ BCS were inversely correlated with average daily steps (Spearman's ρ = − 0·442, P < 0·0001). The present study identified a significant inverse correlation between daily walking steps and BCS over a range from 4 to 9 out of 9 (P < 0·0001).

scholarly journals A Study on Relationship between Body Condition Score (BCS) and Milk Yield, Fat and Solids-Not-Fat Percent in Murrah Graded Buffaloes under Field Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Ranjitha. B ◽  
Ashalatha. P ◽  
Jagadeeswara Rao. S ◽  
Subrahmanyeswari. B
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The present experiment was a study on the relationship of Body Condition Score with milk yield, fat and solids-not-fat percent in murrah graded buffaloes under field conditions. In this murrah graded buffaloes from different commercial farms of Guntur and Krishna districts were selected. Total of 150 murrah graded buffaloes of different parities (1st to 6th parities) were selected. Various parameters like BCS, related to average milk yield, fat per cent, SNF per cent was taken into consideration for the present study and a correlated study of BCS and the milk yield was studied. The selected animals were divided into four groups based on BCS as 2.5-2.99, 3.0-3.49, 3.5-3.99, 4.0-4.49. The mean BCS values of 2.5-2.99, 3.0-3.49, 3.5-3.99, 4.0-4.49 were 2.62, 3.25, 3.56 and 4.25 respectively. Highest milk yield was recorded in second month of lactation and lowest in first month of lactation with 9.445±0.15 and 6.18±0.08 kg per day, respectively. The buffaloes with BCS 4.0-4.49 yielded higher milk yield when compared to other groups. Highest fat and SNF percent was observed in the animals with BCS 4.0-4.49 when compared with others. The BCS had showed high positive correlation with SNF (0.44) and milk yield (0.41).

Prevalence of gastric ulcers and relationship to other parameters in Standardbred racehorses

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.E. Cate ◽  
B.D. Nielsen ◽  
H.S. Spooner ◽  
C.I. O'Connor-Robison ◽  
H.C. Schott II
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Performance History ◽  
Racing Performance ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Standardbred Racehorses

Gastric ulcer prevalence rate is reported to be 60-90% in racehorses. This study examined a population of 40 Standardbred horses in race training and assessed the relationship of ulcers to performance history and body condition score (BCS). Forty Standardbreds on two racing facilities in southern Michigan were examined during the last 2 weeks of December 2007 and the second week of January 2008. Age of horses (as of January 1) ranged from 3 to 12 years. Squamous epithelial ulcers were graded (0-4) using an established scoring system during gastroscopic examinations and BCS was recorded (1 to 9 scale). Trainers graded racing performance of each horse on a scale of A to F, with A being best. Horses were grouped according to gender, age, and BCS. Prevalence of ulcers was similar between facilities (50% and 56%) but the mean prevalence (52.5%) was lower than in previous reports. Ulcer score was not related to gender (P=0.84), age (P=0.72), BCS (P=0.64), or performance history (P=0.55). These findings suggest that commonly cited prevalence rates of ulcers may not be consistent for all populations of racehorses. Further, given that less than 20% of the horses examined had an ulcer score grade 2 or higher, the impact that ulcers have on performance may be overestimated in some equine populations. Finally, this study clearly demonstrates that a gastroscopic examination is necessary to determine presence of ulcers, rather than assuming their presence based on decreased performance or low body condition score.

scholarly journals The relationship of body condition and chewing time with body weight, the level of plasma cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript, leptin and energy metabolites in cows until reaching the lactation peak

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Młynek ◽  
Beata Głowińska
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
The Body ◽  
Energy Metabolites ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Beta Hydroxybutyrate ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the relationship of body condition and chewing time (CT) with body weight (BW), the level of cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), leptin and energy metabolites in cows until reaching the lactation peak. The results showed the greatest loss of BW between days 11 and 45 of lactation and a decrease in the body condition score (BCS) until day 75. Chewing time showed an increase from day 45 with the highest values after lactation peak. The CART and leptin concentrations demonstrate a reduction of both indices (P < 0.05) between days 11 and 75. The function of leptin as a factor positively correlating with BW and BCS was found. In the heaviest individuals and those with higher BCS, the blood leptin levels were higher. The results of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) indicate that cows with the lowest BCS had the most intensive energy transformation. This led to a higher BHBA concentration compared to the cows with high BCS (P < 0.05). The obtained results show that CART was most strongly negatively associated with CT (P < 0.05). For leptin, the tendency was the opposite and the correlation with CT was not significant. The results suggest that CT may be stronger regulated by CART, which has anorectic properties, than by appetite inhibiting leptin. Significant decrease of body condition during lactation is a great problem for dairy farmers. The explanation of the issue of the participation of CART and leptin in the regulation of body’s energy homeostasis may therefore be of importance for milk production.

scholarly journals Association of body condition with lameness in dairy cattle: a single-farm longitudinal study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Michaela Kranepuhl ◽  
Detlef May ◽  
Edna Hillmann ◽  
Lorenz Gygax
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Effects Models ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects Models ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This research communication describes the relationship between the occurrence of lameness and body condition score (BCS) in a sample of 288 cows from a single farm that were repeatedly scored in the course of 9 months while controlling for confounding variables. The relationship between BCS and lameness was evaluated using generalised linear mixed-effects models. It was found that the proportion of lame cows was higher with decreasing but also with increasing BCS, increased with lactation number and decreased with time since the last claw trimming. This is likely to reflect the importance of sufficient body condition in the prevention of lameness but also raises the question of the impact of overcondition on lameness and the influence of claw trimming events on the assessment of lameness. A stronger focus on BCS might allow improved management of lameness that is still one of the major problems in housed cows.

scholarly journals Relation of Automated Body Condition Scoring System and Inline Biomarkers (Milk Yield, β-Hydroxybutyrate, Lactate Dehydrogenase and Progesterone in Milk) with Cow’s Pregnancy Success

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1414
Author(s):  
Ramūnas Antanaitis ◽  
Vida Juozaitienė ◽  
Dovilė Malašauskienė ◽  
Mindaugas Televičius ◽  
Mingaudas Urbutis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
The Body ◽  
Time Analyzer ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Pregnancy Status ◽  
Body Condition Scoring

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the relation of automatically determined body condition score (BCS) and inline biomarkers such as β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), milk yield (MY), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and progesterone (mP4) with the pregnancy success of cows. The cows (n = 281) had 2.1 ± 0.1. lactations on average, were 151.6 ± 0.06 days postpartum, and were once tested with “Easy scan” ultrasound (IMV imaging, Scotland) at 30–35 d post-insemination. According to their reproductive status, cows were grouped into two groups: non-pregnant (n = 194 or 69.0% of cows) and pregnant (n = 87 or 31.0% of cows). Data concerning their BCS, mP4, MY, BHB, and LDH were collected each day from the day of insemination for 7 days. The BCS was collected with body condition score camera (DeLaval Inc., Tumba, Sweden); mP4, MY, BHB, and LDH were collected with the fully automated real-time analyzer Herd Navigator™ (Lattec I/S, Hillerød, Denmark) in combination with a DeLaval milking robot (DeLaval Inc., Tumba, Sweden). Of all the biomarkers, three differences between groups were significant. The body condition score (BCS) of the pregnant cows was higher (+0.49 score), the milk yield (MY) was lower (−4.36 kg), and milk progesterone in pregnant cows was (+6.11 ng/mL) higher compared to the group of non-pregnant cows (p < 0.001). The pregnancy status of the cows was associated with their BCS assessment (p < 0.001). We estimated that cows with BCS > 3.2 were 22 times more likely to have reproductive success than cows with BCS ≤ 3.2.

scholarly journals 86 Factors affecting beef calf vigor at birth: Dam peripartum body condition score, calving season, and calf size

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 3-3
Author(s):  
Lindsey G Wichman ◽  
Colby A Redifer ◽  
Natalie B Duncan ◽  
Craig A Payne ◽  
Allison M Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Abdominal Girth ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Calving Season ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract To determine effects of cow BCS and calving season on calf vigor and size and the relationship of calf size with vigor, 310 multiparous and primiparous beef cows (age: 4.6 ± 2.2 yr; BW: 663 ± 86 kg; BCS: 5.3 ± 0.6) from 3 spring (2015, 2016, 2017) and 4 fall (2015, 2017, 2018, 2019) calving seasons were observed during parturition. Time to stand (n = 191) was determined as minutes from birth to standing successfully for 5 sec. Within 24 h, calf BW (n = 187) and size [shoulder to tailhead length (STL), heart girth (HG), and abdominal girth (AG; n = 154)] were recorded. Data were analyzed using a mixed model containing effects of calving season (spring and fall), BCS category (&lt; 5, =5, ≥6), and their interaction. Correlations were determined between time to stand and calf measurements separately for spring (n = 79) versus fall (n = 111). Cows with BCS &lt; 5 gave birth to lighter (P = 0.02) calves that tended to have a faster (P ≤ 0.13) time to stand than =5 and ≥6. Calves from cows with BCS ≥6 tended to have greater (P ≤ 0.09) STL than =5 and &lt; 5. Calves from cows with BCS &lt; 5 had smaller (P = 0.13) HG than =5. Fall-born calves tended to have smaller (P ≤ 0.06) BW, HG, and AG than spring-born calves. Within fall calves, there tended to be a positive relationship (r = 0.16; P = 0.09) between time to stand and calf BW. Despite this, spring calves had a negative relationship (r = -0.26; P = 0.02) between time to stand and calf BW. In conclusion, cow BCS and calving season affect calf size and may affect calf vigor. These data suggest that calving season may dictate the relationship between calf vigor and size.

scholarly journals PSX-2 Growth and lactating performance of ewes fed with different energy levels

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 467-468
Author(s):  
Fernanda F Santos ◽  
Luciano Brochine ◽  
Vanderlei Benetel Junior ◽  
Maria Laura R Coelho ◽  
Augusto H Gameiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Condition Score

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the milk production, body weight, and body condition score (BCS) of ewes fed with different energy levels. Seventy-one ewes were used and distributed in three treatments according to the metabolizable energy (ME, Mcal/kg) levels in the diet: CTL = according to the NRC (2007) recommendation for each stage (gestation and lactation); PLUS = CTL plus 10% of ME per kilogram of dry matter; LESS = CTL less 10% ME per kilogram of dry matter. Body weight and body condition score were evaluated a week before the expected date of parturition, a week after giving birth, and at weaning (60 days). Dairy production was evaluated at 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 days after giving birth by the indirect method of the two weighing. The experimental design was analyzed as randomized complete blocks. There were no differences on milk production during almost all the lactation curve. Only on day 50 (P = 0.051), CTL was still at peak, while LESS and PLUS had already decreased their production. However, at 60 days, all treatments were already with low production, justifying weaning in this period. Results of weight and BCS showed a significant difference in all periods evaluates. Ewes in the PLUS diet had greater BW and BCS. The BCS before giving birth is expected to be over 3.5 and treatment LESS was the only one that did not achieve this score (2.66, 3.37, 3.83 for LESS, CTL, and PLUS, respectively). At weaning, ewes fed PLUS and CTL had BCS of 3.51 and 2.92, respectively, but treatment LESS had only 1.82. That is prejudicial for the next mating seasonal and this animal. We concluded that LESS diet interfered with the body reserves of sheep.

scholarly journals Analysis of the relationship between occlusal and clinical parameters and the need for incisor reduction in confined horses - a retrospective study

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 2052-2057
Author(s):  
Luiz Fernando Rapp de Oliveira Pimentel ◽  
André Luis do Valle De Zoppa
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dental Intervention ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the relationship between occlusal and clinical parameters and the need for incisor shortening in horses. It was based on the retrospective analysis of the dental charts of 75 confined horses. Body condition score, shape of incisors, presence of dysmastication, excursion to molar contact (EMC) distance before and after cheek teeth occlusal adjustment were evaluated. History of difficult to riding, dysmastication and digestive problems was also considered. The initial measurement of lateral excursion to molar contact (EMC) revealed incisor occlusal surface abnormalities in 45 (60%) horses and long incisors (EMC>15mm) in five (6.6%) horses. Considering clinical examination and history data the need for reduction of incisor length was significant when EMC exceeded 15mm (P<0.0001) and when based on dental shape, clinical history of dysmastication and/or digestive problems or body condition score was also significant (P<0.05). In confined horses, the decision to shorten and align the incisor teeth should be based on observation and history of dysmastication and digestive problems, body condition score, incisors shape and EMC distance. The need for incisor reduction should be determined before dental intervention and reassessed following cheek teeth oclusal adjustment

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