Antihyperglycaemic activity of Asparagus racemosus roots is partly mediated by inhibition of carbohydrate digestion and absorption, and enhancement of cellular insulin action

Asparagus racemosus roots have been shown to enhance insulin secretion in perfused pancreas and isolated islets. The present study investigated the effects of ethanol extracts of A. racemosus roots on glucose homeostasis in diabetic rats, together with the effects on insulin action in 3T3 adipocytes. When administered orally together with glucose, A. racemosus extract improved glucose tolerance in normal as well as in two types of diabetic rats. To investigate the possible effects on carbohydrate absorption, the sucrose content of the gastrointestinal tract was examined in 12 h fasted rats after an oral sucrose load (2·5 g/kg body weight). The extract significantly suppressed postprandial hyperglycaemia after sucrose ingestion and reversibly increased unabsorbed sucrose content throughout the gut. The extract also significantly inhibited the absorption of glucose during in situ gut perfusion with glucose. Furthermore, the extract enhanced glucose transport and insulin action in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Daily administration of A. racemosus to type 2 diabetic rats for 28 d decreased serum glucose, increased pancreatic insulin, plasma insulin, liver glycogen and total oxidant status. These findings indicate that antihyperglycaemic activity of A. racemosus is partly mediated by inhibition of carbohydrate digestion and absorption, together with enhancement of insulin secretion and action in the peripheral tissue. Asparagus racemosus may be useful as a source of novel antidiabetic compounds or a dietary adjunct for the management of diabetes.

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Effect of benfluorex on insulin secretion and insulin action in streptozotocin-diabetic rats

Diabetes/Metabolism Reviews ◽

10.1002/dmr.5610090510 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 9 (S1) ◽

pp. 57S-63S ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Bernard Portha ◽

Patricia Serradas ◽

Danielle Bailbé ◽

Olivier Blondel ◽

Françoise Picarel

Keyword(s):

Insulin Secretion ◽

Insulin Action ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Streptozotocin Diabetic Rats

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Physical training reverses changes in hepatic mitochondrial diameter of Alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Einstein (São Paulo) ◽

10.1590/s1679-45082018ao4353 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Gabriel Keine Kuga ◽

Rafael Calais Gaspar ◽

Vitor Rosetto Muñoz ◽

Susana Castelo Branco Ramos Nakandakari ◽

Leonardo Breda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Physical Training ◽

Hepatic Metabolism ◽

Liver Glycogen ◽

Serum Glucose ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Hepatic Glycogen ◽

Sedentary Control ◽

Exercise Protocol ◽

Training Protocol

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate the effects of physical training on metabolic and morphological parameters of diabetic rats. Methods Wistar rats were randomized into four groups: sedentary control, trained control, sedentary diabetic and trained diabetic. Diabetes mellitus was induced by Alloxan (35mg/kg) administration for sedentary diabetic and Trained Diabetic Groups. The exercise protocol consisted of swimming with a load of 2.5% of body weight for 60 minutes per day (5 days per week) for the trained control and Trained Diabetic Groups, during 6 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed and blood was collected for determinations of serum glucose, insulin, albumin and total protein. Liver samples were extracted for measurements of glycogen, protein, DNA and mitochondrial diameter determination. Results The sedentary diabetic animals presented decreased body weight, blood insulin, and hepatic glycogen, as well as increased glycemia and mitochondrial diameter. The physical training protocol in diabetic animals was efficient to recovery body weight and liver glycogen, and to decrease the hepatic mitochondrial diameter. Conclusion Physical training ameliorated hepatic metabolism and promoted important morphologic adaptations as mitochondrial diameter in liver of the diabetic rats.

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Hypoglycemic effect of Irvingia gabonensis (Aubry-Lacomate Ex. Ororke), Baill in Type 2 Diabetic Long-Evans Rats

Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.3329/dujps.v11i1.12482 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 19-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M S Hossain ◽

S Sokeng ◽

M Shoeb ◽

K Hasan ◽

M Mosihuzzaman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glucose Level ◽

Serum Insulin ◽

Liver Glycogen ◽

Treated Group ◽

Serum Glucose ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Bush Mango ◽

Irvingia Gabonensis ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

Irvingia gabonensis (Aubry-Lacomate Ex. Ororke), Baill (African wild mango/bush mango) seeds are widely used in cooking as a sauce in Cameroon and in most parts of tropical Africa for the treatment of a number of ailments. In this study normal rat food was incorporated with I. gabonensis seed powder (10%) and oil free seed powder (5%) and their chronic effects on streptozotocin induced Type 2 diabetic rats were studied. Oral consumption of food incorporated with seed powder significantly reduced serum glucose level on the 28th day (p<0.01) which was comparable with glibenclamide treated group. Food with oil free seed powder showed 24% fall in glucose level on the 28th day. Fasting serum insulin increased significantly (p<0.001) in glibenclamide and oil free seed powder treated (p<0.008) groups. No effect was observed in the seed powder treated group. Liver glycogen content increased in the glibenclamide treated group but no significant change was observed in both powder and oil free seed powder treated groups. On the 28th day seed powder treated group significantly lowered serum TG level (p<0.033) and 48% was lowered by oil free seed powder. It is concluded that seed powder as well as oil free seed powder lowered blood glucose level in Type 2 diabetic model rats. It seems to act as an insulinomimetic and/or insulin sensitizing agent. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v11i1.12482 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 11(1): 19-24, 2012 (June)

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Soluble dietary fibre fraction ofTrigonella foenum-graecum(fenugreek) seed improves glucose homeostasis in animal models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes by delaying carbohydrate digestion and absorption, and enhancing insulin action

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114507657869 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 97 (3) ◽

pp. 514-521 ◽

Cited By ~ 132

Author(s):

J. M. A. Hannan ◽

L. Ali ◽

B. Rokeya ◽

J. Khaleque ◽

M. Akhter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Dietary Fibre ◽

Insulin Action ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Soluble Dietary Fibre ◽

Oral Sucrose ◽

Carbohydrate Digestion ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

Trigonella foenum-graecum(fenugreek) seeds have been documented as a traditional plant treatment for diabetes. In the present study, the antidiabetic properties of a soluble dietary fibre (SDF) fraction ofT. foenum-graecumwere evaluated. Administration of SDF fraction (0·5 g/kg body weight) to normal, type 1 or type 2 diabetic rats significantly improved oral glucose tolerance. Total remaining unabsorbed sucrose in the gastrointestinal tract of non-diabetic and type 2 diabetic rats, following oral sucrose loading (2·5 g/kg body weight) was significantly increased byT. foenum-graecum(0·5 g/kg body weight). The SDF fraction suppressed the elevation of blood glucose after oral sucrose ingestion in both non-diabetic and type 2 diabetic rats. Intestinal disaccharidase activity and glucose absorption were decreased and gastrointestinal motility increased by the SDF fraction. Daily oral administration of SDF to type 2 diabetic rats for 28 d decreased serum glucose, increased liver glycogen content and enhanced total antioxidant status. Serum insulin and insulin secretion were not affected by the SDF fraction. Glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and insulin action were increased byT. foenum-graecum.The present findings indicate that the SDF fraction ofT. foenum-graecumseeds exerts antidiabetic effects mediated through inhibition of carbohydrate digestion and absorption, and enhancement of peripheral insulin action.

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Effects of Hydrogen Sulfide on Carbohydrate Metabolism in Obese Type 2 Diabetic Rats

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24010190 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 190 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Sevda Gheibi ◽

Sajad Jeddi ◽

Khosrow Kashfi ◽

Asghar Ghasemi

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Hydrogen Sulfide ◽

Insulin Secretion ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽

Serum Insulin ◽

Serum Glucose ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is involved in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. Inhibition and stimulation of H2S synthesis has been suggested to be a potential therapeutic approach for type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was therefore to determine the effects of long-term sodium hydrosulfide (NaSH) administration as a H2S releasing agent on carbohydrate metabolism in type 2 diabetic rats. Type 2 diabetes was established using high fat-low dose streptozotocin. Rats were treated for 9 weeks with intraperitoneal injections of NaSH (0.28, 0.56, 1.6, 2.8, and 5.6 mg/kg). Serum glucose was measured weekly for one month and then at the end of the study. Serum insulin was measured before and after the treatment. At the end of the study, glucose tolerance, pyruvate tolerance and insulin secretion were determined and blood pressure was measured. In diabetic rats NaSH at 1.6–5.6 mg/kg increased serum glucose (11%, 28%, and 51%, respectively) and decreased serum insulin, glucose tolerance, pyruvate tolerance and in vivo insulin secretion. In controls, NaSH only at 5.6 mg/kg increased serum glucose and decreased glucose tolerance, pyruvate tolerance and insulin secretion. Chronic administration of NaSH in particular at high doses impaired carbohydrate metabolism in type 2 diabetic rats.

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Protective Effect of Ethanol Extracts ofHericium erinaceuson Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Neuropathic Pain in Rats

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2015/595480 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Zhang Yi ◽

Yang Shao-long ◽

Wang Ai-hong ◽

Sun Zhi-chun ◽

Zhuo Ya-fen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neuropathic Pain ◽

Total Antioxidant Status ◽

Treated Group ◽

Serum Glucose ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Diabetic Neuropathic Pain ◽

Laboratory Rats ◽

Withdrawal Threshold ◽

Total Antioxidant ◽

Ethanol Extracts

We investigated the effects ofHericium erinaceus(HEE) on alloxan induced diabetic neuropathic pain in laboratory rats. Alloxan induced diabetic rats were administered orally HEE. After 6 weeks of treatments, treatment with HEE 40 mg/kg in diabetic animals showed significant increase in pain threshold and paw withdrawal threshold and significant decrease in serum glucose and urine glucose. We also observed a significant increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, glutathione reductase (GR) activity, catalase (CAT) activity, Na+K+ATPase activity, and glutathione S transferase (GST) activity along with significant decreased levels of glutathione (GSH) content in diabetic rats. The total antioxidant status (TAOS) in the HEE-treated groups was significantly lower than that in the alloxan-treated group. HEE can offer pain relief in diabetic neuropathic pain. The improvement in diabetic state after HEE treatment along with the antioxidant activity could be the probable way by which it had alleviated diabetic neuropathy.

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Sites of Insulin Action Using Ferritin Labeling

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100066759 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 540-541

Author(s):

Burton B. Silver ◽

Ronald S. Nelson

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Binding Sites ◽

Anterior Pituitary ◽

Insulin Action ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Insulin Antibody ◽

Fat Pad ◽

Target Organs ◽

Uranium Salts ◽

Sugar Levels

Some investigators feel that insulin does not enter cells but exerts its influence in some manner on the cell surface. Ferritin labeling of insulin and insulin antibody was used to determine if binding sites of insulin to specific target organs could be seen with electron microscopy.Alloxanized rats were considered diabetic if blood sugar levels were in excess of 300 mg %. Test reagents included ferritin, ferritin labeled insulin, and ferritin labeled insulin antibody. Target organs examined were were diaphragm, kidney, gastrocnemius, fat pad, liver and anterior pituitary. Reagents were administered through the left common carotid. Survival time was at least one hour in test animals. Tissue incubation studies were also done in normal as well as diabetic rats. Specimens were fixed in gluteraldehyde and osmium followed by staining with lead and uranium salts. Some tissues were not stained.

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