scholarly journals Age-dependent effects of cord blood long-chain PUFA composition on BMI during the first 10 years of life

2014 ◽  
Vol 111 (11) ◽  
pp. 2024-2031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Standl ◽  
Elisabeth Thiering ◽  
Hans Demmelmair ◽  
Berthold Koletzko ◽  
Joachim Heinrich
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Pufa Ratio ◽  
Chain Pufa ◽  
Pufa Composition ◽  
Long Chain

In the present study, we investigated whether n-6 and n-3 long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) concentrations in cord blood (CB) serum are associated with BMI up to 10 years of age, after accounting for LC-PUFA composition at 2, 6 and 10 years. The study was based on 388 participants of the German LISAplus (Influence of Lifestyle-Related Factors on the Immune System and the Development of Allergies in Childhood Plus the Influence of Traffic Emissions and Genetics) birth cohort study carried out in Munich. BMI was measured at 2, 6 and 10 years of age. Serum phospholipid fatty acid concentrations were measured by GC in CB and in blood collected at 2, 6 and 10 years of age. The association between n-3 LC-PUFA and n-6 LC-PUFA concentrations and n-6:n-3 LC-PUFA ratio in CB serum glycerophospholipids and BMI z-scores was assessed using linear mixed models adjusted for LC-PUFA composition at follow-up and potential confounders. Interaction terms between time of follow-up and LC-PUFA concentrations in CB were included. There was no consistent association between n-6 and n-3 LC-PUFA concentrations in CB and BMI over time. However, there was a significant interaction between n-6:n-3 LC-PUFA ratio in CB and time of follow-up with respect to BMI (P= 0·0415): a negative effect at 2 years; no effect at 6 years; a positive effect at 10 years. BMI up to 10 years of age may be influenced by the n-6:n-3 ratio in CB serum glycerophospholipids in a time-varying fashion. The present results thereby highlight the importance of considering age when examining associations between fatty acid concentrations and BMI.

scholarly journals Maternal and child fatty acid desaturase genotype as determinants of cord blood long-chain PUFA (LCPUFA) concentrations in the Seychelles Child Development Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Marie C. Conway ◽  
Emeir M. McSorley ◽  
Maria S. Mulhern ◽  
Toni Spence ◽  
Maria Weslowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Child Development ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽  
Minor Allele ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Development Study ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Chain Pufa ◽  
Long Chain

Abstract Optimal maternal long-chain PUFA (LCPUFA) status is essential for the developing fetus. The fatty acid desaturase (FADS) genes are involved in the endogenous synthesis of LCPUFA. The minor allele of various FADS SNP have been associated with increased maternal concentrations of the precursors linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA), and lower concentrations of arachidonic acid (AA) and DHA. There is limited research on the influence of FADS genotype on cord PUFA status. The current study investigated the influence of maternal and child genetic variation in FADS genotype on cord blood PUFA status in a high fish-eating cohort. Cord blood samples (n 1088) collected from the Seychelles Child Development Study (SCDS) Nutrition Cohort 2 (NC2) were analysed for total serum PUFA. Of those with cord PUFA data available, maternal (n 1062) and child (n 916), FADS1 (rs174537 and rs174561), FADS2 (rs174575), and FADS1-FADS2 (rs3834458) were determined. Regression analysis determined that maternal minor allele homozygosity was associated with lower cord blood concentrations of DHA and the sum of EPA + DHA. Lower cord blood AA concentrations were observed in children who were minor allele homozygous for rs3834458 (β = 0·075; P = 0·037). Children who were minor allele carriers for rs174537, rs174561, rs174575 and rs3834458 had a lower cord blood AA:LA ratio (P < 0·05 for all). Both maternal and child FADS genotype were associated with cord LCPUFA concentrations, and therefore, the influence of FADS genotype was observed despite the high intake of preformed dietary LCPUFA from fish in this population.

The composition and oxidative stability of lipids in longissimus muscle from grazing cattle supplemented with sunflower oil alone or with fishoil

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 13-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.P. Moloney ◽  
C.M. Daly ◽  
E. Ermias ◽  
K.J. Shingfield ◽  
F.J. Monahan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Longissimus Muscle ◽  
Colour Stability ◽  
Pufa Ratio ◽  
Chain Pufa ◽  
Grazing Cattle ◽  
Lipid Stability ◽  
Muscle Lipids ◽  
Long Chain

Compared with conventional indoor rations, consumption of grazed grass by cattle improved the fatty acid profile of beef, by increasing the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) concentrations and decreasing the n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio (French et al., 2000). Supplementation of grazing cattle with sunflower oil (S), increased the concentration of CLA in muscle but also increased the n-6: n-3 PUFA ratio (Noci et al., 2006). Supplementation with fishoil (F), a source of long-chain n-3 PUFA might decrease this ratio while enhancing CLA synthesis. However, increasing the concentration of PUFA, particularly the long-chain PUFA, may predispose muscle lipids and pigments to oxidation, with consequent impairment of lipid and colour stability. The objectives were to determine the effect of supplementation of grazing cattle with S and F on (i) tissue n-3 PUFA and CLA concentrations and (ii) the colour and lipid stability of beef.

scholarly journals Inflammation in children with cystic fibrosis: contribution of bacterial production of long-chain fatty acids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Felton ◽  
Aszia Burrell ◽  
Hollis Chaney ◽  
Iman Sami ◽  
Anastassios C. Koumbourlis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Bacterial Production ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Achromobacter Xylosoxidans ◽  
List Type ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Long Chain

Abstract Background Cystic fibrosis (CF) affects >70,000 people worldwide, yet the microbiologic trigger for pulmonary exacerbations (PExs) remains unknown. The objective of this study was to identify changes in bacterial metabolic pathways associated with clinical status. Methods Respiratory samples were collected at hospital admission for PEx, end of intravenous (IV) antibiotic treatment, and follow-up from 27 hospitalized children with CF. Bacterial DNA was extracted and shotgun DNA sequencing was performed. MetaPhlAn2 and HUMAnN2 were used to evaluate bacterial taxonomic and pathway relative abundance, while DESeq2 was used to evaluate differential abundance based on clinical status. Results The mean age of study participants was 10 years; 85% received combination IV antibiotic therapy (beta-lactam plus a second agent). Long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) biosynthesis pathways were upregulated in follow-up samples compared to end of treatment: gondoate (p = 0.012), oleate (p = 0.048), palmitoleate (p = 0.043), and pathways of fatty acid elongation (p = 0.012). Achromobacter xylosoxidans and Escherichia sp. were also more prevalent in follow-up compared to PEx (p < 0.001). Conclusions LCFAs may be associated with persistent infection of opportunistic pathogens. Future studies should more closely investigate the role of LCFA production by lung bacteria in the transition from baseline wellness to PEx in persons with CF. Impact Increased levels of LCFAs are found after IV antibiotic treatment in persons with CF. LCFAs have previously been associated with increased lung inflammation in asthma. This is the first report of LCFAs in the airway of persons with CF. This research provides support that bacterial production of LCFAs may be a contributor to inflammation in persons with CF. Future studies should evaluate LCFAs as predictors of future PExs.

scholarly journals The Source of Long-Chain PUFA in Formula Supplements Does Not Affect the Fatty Acid Composition of Plasma Lipids in Full-Term Infants

2004 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. 868-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleix Sala-Vila ◽  
Ana I. Castellote ◽  
Cristina Campoy ◽  
Montserrat Rivero ◽  
María Rodriguez-Palmero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Chain Pufa ◽  
Long Chain

scholarly journals Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids influence flight muscle oxidative capacity but not endurance flight performance in a migratory songbird

2019 ◽  
Vol 316 (4) ◽  
pp. R362-R375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morag F. Dick ◽  
Christopher G. Guglielmo
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Flight Muscle ◽  
Muscle Metabolism ◽  
Oxidative Enzymes ◽  
Flight Performance ◽  
Chain Pufa ◽  
Long Chain

The migratory flights of birds are primarily fueled by fat; however, certain fatty acids may also enhance flight performance and the capacity to oxidize fat. The natural doping hypothesis posits that n–3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) increase membrane fluidity and aerobic and fatty acid oxidative enzymes in the flight muscles, which enables prolonged endurance flight. Support for this hypothesis is mixed, and there is no empirical evidence for increased flight performance. We fed yellow-rumped warblers ( Setophaga coronata coronata) diets enriched in either n–3 or n–6 long-chain PUFA or low in long-chain PUFA and evaluated flight muscle metabolism and endurance performance in a wind tunnel flights lasting up to 6 h. Fatty acid profiles of muscle phospholipids confirmed enrichment of the targeted dietary fatty acids, whereas less substantial differences were observed in adipose triacylglycerol. Contrary to the predictions, feeding n–3 PUFA decreased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-β mRNA abundance and muscle oxidative enzyme activities. However, changes in muscle metabolism were not reflected in whole animal performance. No differences were observed in flight performance among diet treatments in terms of endurance capacity, energy costs, or fuel composition. These measures of flight performance were more strongly influenced by body mass and flight duration. Overall, we found no support for the natural doping hypothesis in a songbird. Furthermore, we caution against extending changes in flight muscle metabolic enzymes or fatty acid composition to changes to migratory performance without empirical evidence.

scholarly journals Erythrocyte DHA level as a biomarker of DHA status in specific brain regions of n-3 long-chain PUFA-supplemented aged rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 1805-1818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Létondor ◽  
Benjamin Buaud ◽  
Carole Vaysse ◽  
Laurence Fonseca ◽  
Coralie Herrouin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Erythrocyte Membranes ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Pufa Supplementation ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Chain Pufa ◽  
Brain Ageing ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Long Chain

n-3 Long-chain PUFA (n-3 LC-PUFA), particularly EPA and DHA, play a key role in the maintenance of brain functions such as learning and memory that are impaired during ageing. Ageing is also associated with changes in the DHA content of brain membranes that could contribute to memory impairment. Limited studies have investigated the effects of ageing and n-3 LC-PUFA supplementation on both blood and brain fatty acid compositions. Therefore, we assessed the relationship between fatty acid contents in plasma and erythrocyte membranes and those in the hippocampus, striatum and cerebral cortex during ageing, and after a 5-month period of EPA/DHA supplementation in rats. In the blood, ageing was associated with an increase in plasma DHA content, whereas the DHA content remained stable in erythrocyte membranes. In the brain, ageing was associated with a decrease in DHA content, which was both region-specific and phospholipid class-specific. In EPA/DHA-supplemented aged rats, DHA contents were increased both in the blood and brain compared with the control rats. The present results demonstrated that n-3 LC-PUFA level in the plasma was not an accurate biomarker of brain DHA status during ageing. Moreover, we highlighted a positive relationship between the DHA levels in erythrocyte phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and those in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in EPA/DHA-supplemented aged rats. Within the framework of preventive dietary supplementation to delay brain ageing, these results suggest the possibility of using erythrocyte PE DHA content as a reliable biomarker of DHA status in specific brain regions.

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