Effect of vitamin E intake from food and supplement sources on plasma α- and γ-tocopherol concentrations in a healthy Irish adult population

Vitamin E is believed to play a preventive role in diseases associated with oxidative stress. The aims of the present study were to quantify vitamin E intake levels and plasma concentrations and to assess dietary vitamin E adequacy in Irish adults. Intake data from the National Adult Nutrition Survey were used; plasma samples were obtained from a representative cohort of survey participants. Plasma α- and γ-tocopherol concentrations were measured by HPLC. The main sources of vitamin E in the diet were ‘butter, spreadable fats and oils’ and ‘vegetables and vegetable dishes’. When vitamin E intake from supplements was taken into account, supplements were found to be the main contributor, making a contribution of 29·2 % to vitamin E intake in the total population. Supplement consumers had significantly higher plasma α-tocopherol concentrations and lower plasma γ-tocopherol concentrations when compared with non-consumers. Consumers of ‘vitamin E’ supplements had significantly higher vitamin E intake levels and plasma α-tocopherol concentrations compared with consumers of other types of supplements, such as multivitamin and fish oil. Comparison with the Institute of Medicine Estimated Average Requirement of 12 mg/d indicated that when vitamin E intake from food and supplement sources was taken into account, 100 % of the study participants achieved the recommended intake levels. When vitamin E intake from food sources was taken into account, only 68·4 % of the females were found to achieve the recommended intake levels compared with 99·2 % of the males. The results of the present study show that dietary vitamin E intake has a significant effect on plasma α- and γ-tocopherol concentrations. Furthermore, they show that the consumption of supplements is a major contributor to overall intake and has a significant effect on plasma vitamin E concentrations in the Irish population.

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Dietary vitamin C supplementation and plasma vitamin E levels in humans

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/33.11.2394 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 33 (11) ◽

pp. 2394-2395 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Robert E. Keith ◽

Barbara M. Chrisley ◽

Judy A. Driskell

Keyword(s):

Vitamin E ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Dietary Vitamin ◽

Plasma Vitamin ◽

Vitamin C Supplementation ◽

Plasma Vitamin E

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Glutathione peroxidase activity and erythrocyte stability in calves differing in selenium and vitamin E status

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19810040 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 345-355 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

R. C. Siddons ◽

C. F. Mills

Keyword(s):

Vitamin E ◽

Glutathione Peroxidase ◽

Peroxidase Activity ◽

Dietary Vitamin ◽

Plasma Vitamin ◽

Glutathione Peroxidase Activity ◽

Bull Calves ◽

Plasma Vitamin E ◽

Erythrocyte Stability ◽

Vitamin E Status

1. Glutathione peroxidase activity (EC1.11.1.9) and erythrocyte stability were measured in Friesian bull calves which were given for 36 weeks semi-purified diets either adequate or low in selenium or vitamin E or both.2. Dietary Se or vitamin E content had no effect on growth rate and haematological vaiues. None of the calves exhibited clinical deficiency symptoms and serum aspartate amino transferase (EC 2.6.1.1) and creatine phosphokinase (EC 2.7.3.2) activities remained normal. Heart and skeletal muscles of all calves appeared macroscopically and microscopically normal at autopsy.3. Glutathione peroxidase activity in plasma, blood and other tissues, except the testis, was significantly lower in calves receiving low dietary Se but was independent of dietary vitamin E content.4. Plasma vitamin E levels decreased rapidly and to very low levels in calves given low vitamin E diets irrespective of the Se content of the diet.5. A low dietary vitamin E intake increased the susceptibility of erythrocytes to auto- and peroxidative haemolysis whereas a low Se intake in the presence of adequate vitamin E did not. However, erythrocytes from calves receiving low Se and low vitamin E were more susceptible to peroxidative haemolysis than erythrocytes from calves receiving low vitamin E and adequate Se. The effect of dietary vitamin E content on osmotic haemolysis induced by hypotonic saline was variable.6. The results suggest that measurement of blood glutathione peroxidase activity and the susceptibility of erythrocytes to auto- or peroxidative haemolysis could be used for the differential diagnosis of subclinical Se and vitamin E deficiency in ruminants.

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Backgrounding lambs on saltbush provides an effective source of Vitamin E that can prevent Vitamin E deficiency and reduce the incidence of subclinical nutritional myopathy during summer and autumn

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an12039 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 53 (3) ◽

pp. 247 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

C. R. Fancote ◽

P. E. Vercoe ◽

K. L. Pearce ◽

I. H. Williams ◽

H. C. Norman

Keyword(s):

Vitamin E ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Plasma Vitamin ◽

Vitamin E Deficiency ◽

Synthetic Vitamin ◽

Low Levels ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Plasma Vitamin E ◽

Vitamin E Status ◽

Effective Source

Vitamin E deficiency is common in sheep during summer and autumn in Mediterranean environments because of the lack of green feed. Deficiency of Vitamin E can lead to the development of nutritional myopathy, a condition causing heart and skeletal muscle damage which, in severe cases, can lead to death of the animal. Saltbush (Atriplex spp.) contains high concentrations of Vitamin E, so providing sheep with access to saltbush during summer may improve their Vitamin E status and prevent Vitamin E deficiency. We wished to determine whether backgrounding lambs on saltbush over summer and autumn (i.e. graze saltbush-based pastures for several weeks before finishing them to condition suitable for slaughter) would prevent Vitamin E deficiency and nutritional myopathy and compared the effectiveness of this strategy in preventing Vitamin E deficiency to a commercially available synthetic Vitamin E supplement. Ten-month-old cross-bred lambs (n = 48) were backgrounded on dry, senesced (control) or saltbush-based pastures for 8 weeks during summer. After backgrounding they were fed a grain-based finishing ration containing low levels of Vitamin E for a further 5 weeks. We found that while grazing saltbush the plasma Vitamin E concentrations of lambs increased from 1.1 to 2.6 mg/L within 3 weeks, concentrations that were significantly higher than the concentrations in the lambs that did not have access to saltbush during backgrounding (P < 0.001). The improved Vitamin E concentrations corresponded with a reduction in the incidence of nutritional myopathy, with none of the lambs grazing saltbush showing any biochemical signs of myopathy, whereas 17% of lambs backgrounded on control pastures had elevated plasma concentrations of creatine kinase that were indicative of subclinical nutritional myopathy. During the subsequent finishing phase, lambs that had not had access to saltbush during backgrounding were all Vitamin E deficient and, of these, 8.5% were diagnosed with subclinical nutritional myopathy. By contrast, none of the lambs backgrounded on saltbush was Vitamin E deficient nor did they have any biochemical evidence of Vitamin E-responsive myopathy. The present study demonstrated that saltbush is a valuable source of Vitamin E for livestock that can reduce the incidence of subclinical nutritional myopathy in lambs during summer and prevent plasma Vitamin E concentrations becoming deficient for up to 5 weeks after saltbush is removed from the diet.

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Effect of high concentrations of dietary vitamin e during various age periods on performance, plasma vitamin e and meat stability of broiler chicks at 7 weeks of age

British Poultry Science ◽

10.1080/00071669208417477 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 393-402 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

I. Bartov ◽

M. Frigg

Keyword(s):

Vitamin E ◽

Dietary Vitamin ◽

Plasma Vitamin ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Plasma Vitamin E

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Biohydrogenation of dietaryn-3 PUFA and stability of ingested vitamin E in the rumen, and their effects on microbial activity in sheep

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn20031078 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 91 (4) ◽

pp. 539-550 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

S. Chikunya ◽

G. Demirel ◽

M. Enser ◽

J. D. Wood ◽

R. G. Wilkinson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin E ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Microbial Activity ◽

Latin Square ◽

Tocopheryl Acetate ◽

Dietary Vitamin ◽

Plasma Vitamin ◽

Plasma Vitamin E ◽

The Stability ◽

Oil Blend

The present study investigated the susceptibility of dietaryn-3 PUFA to ruminal biohydrogenation, the stability of ingested vitamin E in the rumen and the subsequent uptake of PUFA and vitamin E into plasma. Six cannulated sheep were assigned to six diets over five 33d periods, in an incomplete 6×5 Latin square. The diets, based on dried grass, were formulated to supply 50g fatty acids/kg DM using three lipid sources: Megalac®(calcium soap of palm fatty acid distillate; Volac Ltd, Royston, Herts., UK), linseed (formaldehyde-treated; Trouw Nutrition, Northwich, Ches., UK) and linseed–fish oil (formaldehyde-treated linseed+fish oil). The diets were supplemented with 100 or 500mg α-tocopheryl acetate/kg DM. Fat source or level of vitamin E in the diet did not alter microbial activity in the rumen. Biohydrogenation of linoleic acid (18:3n-6; 85–90%), linolenic acid (18:3n-3; 88–93%), docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3; 91%) and EPA (20:5n-3; 92%) was extensive. Feeding formaldehyde-treated linseed elevated concentrations of 18:3n-3 in plasma, whilst 22:6n-3 and 20:5n-3 were only increased by feeding the linseed–fish oil blend. Duodenal recovery of ingested vitamin E was high (range 0·79–0·92mg/mg fed). High dietary vitamin E was associated with increased plasma α-tocopherol (2·57v.1·46μg/ml for 500 and 100mg α-tocopheryl acetate/kg DM respectively), although all concentrations were low. Plasma vitamin E levels, however, tended to decrease as the type and quantity of PUFA in the diet increased. The present study illustrates that nutritionally beneficial PUFA in both fish and linseed oils are highly susceptible to biohydrogenation in the rumen. Although α-tocopheryl acetate resisted degradation in the rumen, plasma vitamin E status remained deficient to borderline, suggesting either that uptake may have been impaired or metabolism post-absorption increased.

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Effect of forage type and supplemental dietary vitamin E on milk oxidative stability

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas91-139 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 71 (4) ◽

pp. 1181-1186 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

J. W. G. Nicholson ◽

Anne-Marie St-Laurent

Keyword(s):

Vitamin E ◽

Oxidative Stability ◽

Corn Silage ◽

Dietary Vitamin ◽

Plasma Vitamin ◽

Forage Type ◽

Alfalfa Silage ◽

Plasma Vitamin E ◽

Spontaneous Oxidation ◽

Vitamin E Supplementation

Twelve Holstein cows in each of two replicates were used to determine the effect of forage type and vitamin E supplementation on the oxidative stability of milk. Alfalfa or corn silage was fed ad libitum as the sole roughage, with a concentrate to milk ratio of 1:2.5. Half the cows on each forage were fed 7000 IU d−1 of dL-α-tocopherol acetate top-dressed on the concentrate in two feedings per day over a 4-wk period. Cows consuming the alfalfa silage had higher (P < 0.05) plasma vitamin E content, but there were no differences in milk vitamin E or flavor due to forage type. Supplementing the diets with vitamin E resulted in higher (P < 0.01) vitamin E content of plasma and milk and improved milk oxidative stability. There was an interaction (P = 0.03) between forage type and vitamin E supplementation for oxidative flavor score in week 2. Supplementing the corn silage diet with 7000 IU d−1 of vitamin E resulted in almost complete elimination of oxidized flavor in milk within 1 wk of starting supplementation. However, supplementing the alfalfa silage diet had no effect on flavor over the first 3 wk of feeding. It is apparent that the vitamin E content of milk is not the sole determinant of its oxidative stability. Key words: Spontaneous oxidation, flavor, milk, vitamin E, alfalfa, corn silage, cow

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Response of Whole Blood, Erythrocyte and Plasma Vitamin E Content to Dietary Vitamin E Intake in the Chick

Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica ◽

10.1186/bf03547521 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 399-408

Author(s):

Saifeldin Hassan ◽

Juhani Hakkarainen

Keyword(s):

Vitamin E ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Dietary Vitamin ◽

Plasma Vitamin ◽

Blood Erythrocyte ◽

Plasma Vitamin E

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CFTR Modulator Therapy with Lumacaftor/Ivacaftor Alters Plasma Concentrations of Lipid-Soluble Vitamins A and E in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10030483 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 483

Author(s):

Olaf Sommerburg ◽

Susanne Hämmerling ◽

S. Philipp Schneider ◽

Jürgen Okun ◽

Claus-Dieter Langhans ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cystic Fibrosis ◽

Vitamin E ◽

Vitamin A ◽

Clinical Chemistry ◽

Pancreatic Insufficiency ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Plasma Vitamin ◽

Hypervitaminosis A ◽

Cholesterol Ratio ◽

Fat Soluble Vitamins

Rationale: Cystic fibrosis (CF), caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, leads to impaired pancreatic function and therefore reduced intestinal absorption of lipids and fat-soluble vitamins especially in patients with CF developing pancreatic insufficiency (PI). Previous studies showed that CFTR modulator therapy with lumacaftor-ivacaftor (LUM/IVA) in Phe508del-homozygous patients with CF results in improvement of pulmonary disease and thriving. However, the effects of LUM/IVA on plasma concentration of the lipid soluble vitamins A and E remain unknown. Objectives: To investigate the course of plasma vitamin A and E in patients with CF under LUM/IVA therapy. Methods: Data from annual follow-up examinations of patients with CF were obtained to assess clinical outcomes including pulmonary function status, body mass index (BMI), and clinical chemistry as well as fat-soluble vitamins in Phe508del-homozygous CF patients before initiation and during LUM/IVA therapy. Results: Patients with CF receiving LUM/IVA improved substantially, including improvement in pulmonary inflammation, associated with a decrease in blood immunoglobulin G (IgG) from 9.4 to 8.2 g/L after two years (p < 0.001). During the same time, plasma vitamin A increased significantly from 1.2 to 1.6 µmol/L (p < 0.05), however, levels above the upper limit of normal were not detected in any of the patients. In contrast, plasma vitamin E as vitamin E/cholesterol ratio decreased moderately over the same time from 6.2 to 5.5 µmol/L (p < 0.01). Conclusions: CFTR modulator therapy with LUM/IVA alters concentrations of vitamins A and vitamin E in plasma. The increase of vitamin A must be monitored critically to avoid hypervitaminosis A in patients with CF.

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