scholarly journals Biohydrogenation of dietaryn-3 PUFA and stability of ingested vitamin E in the rumen, and their effects on microbial activity in sheep

2004 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Chikunya ◽  
G. Demirel ◽  
M. Enser ◽  
J. D. Wood ◽  
R. G. Wilkinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Tocopheryl Acetate ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Plasma Vitamin E ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Oil Blend

The present study investigated the susceptibility of dietaryn-3 PUFA to ruminal biohydrogenation, the stability of ingested vitamin E in the rumen and the subsequent uptake of PUFA and vitamin E into plasma. Six cannulated sheep were assigned to six diets over five 33d periods, in an incomplete 6×5 Latin square. The diets, based on dried grass, were formulated to supply 50g fatty acids/kg DM using three lipid sources: Megalac®(calcium soap of palm fatty acid distillate; Volac Ltd, Royston, Herts., UK), linseed (formaldehyde-treated; Trouw Nutrition, Northwich, Ches., UK) and linseed–fish oil (formaldehyde-treated linseed+fish oil). The diets were supplemented with 100 or 500mg α-tocopheryl acetate/kg DM. Fat source or level of vitamin E in the diet did not alter microbial activity in the rumen. Biohydrogenation of linoleic acid (18:3n-6; 85–90%), linolenic acid (18:3n-3; 88–93%), docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3; 91%) and EPA (20:5n-3; 92%) was extensive. Feeding formaldehyde-treated linseed elevated concentrations of 18:3n-3 in plasma, whilst 22:6n-3 and 20:5n-3 were only increased by feeding the linseed–fish oil blend. Duodenal recovery of ingested vitamin E was high (range 0·79–0·92mg/mg fed). High dietary vitamin E was associated with increased plasma α-tocopherol (2·57v.1·46μg/ml for 500 and 100mg α-tocopheryl acetate/kg DM respectively), although all concentrations were low. Plasma vitamin E levels, however, tended to decrease as the type and quantity of PUFA in the diet increased. The present study illustrates that nutritionally beneficial PUFA in both fish and linseed oils are highly susceptible to biohydrogenation in the rumen. Although α-tocopheryl acetate resisted degradation in the rumen, plasma vitamin E status remained deficient to borderline, suggesting either that uptake may have been impaired or metabolism post-absorption increased.

scholarly journals Effect of vitamin E intake from food and supplement sources on plasma α- and γ-tocopherol concentrations in a healthy Irish adult population

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (9) ◽  
pp. 1575-1585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Zhao ◽  
Frank J. Monahan ◽  
Breige A. McNulty ◽  
Mike J. Gibney ◽  
Eileen R. Gibney
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Fats And Oils ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Plasma Vitamin E

Vitamin E is believed to play a preventive role in diseases associated with oxidative stress. The aims of the present study were to quantify vitamin E intake levels and plasma concentrations and to assess dietary vitamin E adequacy in Irish adults. Intake data from the National Adult Nutrition Survey were used; plasma samples were obtained from a representative cohort of survey participants. Plasma α- and γ-tocopherol concentrations were measured by HPLC. The main sources of vitamin E in the diet were ‘butter, spreadable fats and oils’ and ‘vegetables and vegetable dishes’. When vitamin E intake from supplements was taken into account, supplements were found to be the main contributor, making a contribution of 29·2 % to vitamin E intake in the total population. Supplement consumers had significantly higher plasma α-tocopherol concentrations and lower plasma γ-tocopherol concentrations when compared with non-consumers. Consumers of ‘vitamin E’ supplements had significantly higher vitamin E intake levels and plasma α-tocopherol concentrations compared with consumers of other types of supplements, such as multivitamin and fish oil. Comparison with the Institute of Medicine Estimated Average Requirement of 12 mg/d indicated that when vitamin E intake from food and supplement sources was taken into account, 100 % of the study participants achieved the recommended intake levels. When vitamin E intake from food sources was taken into account, only 68·4 % of the females were found to achieve the recommended intake levels compared with 99·2 % of the males. The results of the present study show that dietary vitamin E intake has a significant effect on plasma α- and γ-tocopherol concentrations. Furthermore, they show that the consumption of supplements is a major contributor to overall intake and has a significant effect on plasma vitamin E concentrations in the Irish population.

Dietary vitamin C supplementation and plasma vitamin E levels in humans

1980 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 2394-2395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Keith ◽  
Barbara M. Chrisley ◽  
Judy A. Driskell
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin C Supplementation ◽  
Plasma Vitamin E

scholarly journals Glutathione peroxidase activity and erythrocyte stability in calves differing in selenium and vitamin E status

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Siddons ◽  
C. F. Mills
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Plasma Vitamin E ◽  
Erythrocyte Stability ◽  
Vitamin E Status

1. Glutathione peroxidase activity (EC1.11.1.9) and erythrocyte stability were measured in Friesian bull calves which were given for 36 weeks semi-purified diets either adequate or low in selenium or vitamin E or both.2. Dietary Se or vitamin E content had no effect on growth rate and haematological vaiues. None of the calves exhibited clinical deficiency symptoms and serum aspartate amino transferase (EC 2.6.1.1) and creatine phosphokinase (EC 2.7.3.2) activities remained normal. Heart and skeletal muscles of all calves appeared macroscopically and microscopically normal at autopsy.3. Glutathione peroxidase activity in plasma, blood and other tissues, except the testis, was significantly lower in calves receiving low dietary Se but was independent of dietary vitamin E content.4. Plasma vitamin E levels decreased rapidly and to very low levels in calves given low vitamin E diets irrespective of the Se content of the diet.5. A low dietary vitamin E intake increased the susceptibility of erythrocytes to auto- and peroxidative haemolysis whereas a low Se intake in the presence of adequate vitamin E did not. However, erythrocytes from calves receiving low Se and low vitamin E were more susceptible to peroxidative haemolysis than erythrocytes from calves receiving low vitamin E and adequate Se. The effect of dietary vitamin E content on osmotic haemolysis induced by hypotonic saline was variable.6. The results suggest that measurement of blood glutathione peroxidase activity and the susceptibility of erythrocytes to auto- or peroxidative haemolysis could be used for the differential diagnosis of subclinical Se and vitamin E deficiency in ruminants.

Influence of dietary fat source on oxidative stability and fatty acid composition of milk from cows receiving a low or high level of dietary vitamin E

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Charmley ◽  
J. W. G. Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Tocopheryl Acetate ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids ◽  
Fat Supplementation

Fifteen primiparous Holsteins were used in a latin square design with three periods and three treatments to assess the effect of fat source on milk flavour, yield and composition, and composition of milk fat. A basal diet was supplemented with one of three concentrates offered twice daily: soybean meal (no supplemental fat); cracked, micronized soybeans (containing 20 g kg−1 oil); and soybean meal plus CSFA which supplies an amount of fat similar to that of the soybeans. Periods lasted 6 wk, and each cow received 6000 IU dL α-tocopheryl acetate d−1 for the last 2 wk of each period. Measurements of milk yield, composition and flavour were made at the end of weeks 4 and 6 of each period. Feeding CSFA reduced DM intake (P = 0.064), but fat supplemented diets tended to supply more NE1 than the unsupplemented diet (P = 0.085). Yields of milk (P < 0.001), fat (P < 0.001) and energy (P = 0.003) were increased by fat supplementation. Protein yield was reduced (P = 0.003) when CSFA were fed. Soybeans reduced fat concentration in milk, but only before supplemental vitamin E was given. Soybeans increased α-tocopherol output in milk (P < 0.05). Milk from cows fed soybeans was most susceptible to oxidation (P < 0.01). Intensity of oxidized flavour was similar before and during vitamin E supplementation. Fat supplementation reduced the proportion of short- and medium-chain fatty acids (P < 0.001) and increased the proportion of C18 fatty acids in milk (P < 0.001). Soybeans increased the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids in milk but CSFA did not. Soybeans can escape biohydrogenation in the rumen and render milk susceptible to oxidation by increasing the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids. At the levels fed, vitamin E did not prevent oxidation due to its low transfer to milk. Key words: Oxidized milk, fatty acids, soybeans, tocopherol, dairy cow

Effect of forage type and supplemental dietary vitamin E on milk oxidative stability

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1181-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. G. Nicholson ◽  
Anne-Marie St-Laurent
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Forage Type ◽  
Alfalfa Silage ◽  
Plasma Vitamin E ◽  
Spontaneous Oxidation ◽  
Vitamin E Supplementation

Twelve Holstein cows in each of two replicates were used to determine the effect of forage type and vitamin E supplementation on the oxidative stability of milk. Alfalfa or corn silage was fed ad libitum as the sole roughage, with a concentrate to milk ratio of 1:2.5. Half the cows on each forage were fed 7000 IU d−1 of dL-α-tocopherol acetate top-dressed on the concentrate in two feedings per day over a 4-wk period. Cows consuming the alfalfa silage had higher (P < 0.05) plasma vitamin E content, but there were no differences in milk vitamin E or flavor due to forage type. Supplementing the diets with vitamin E resulted in higher (P < 0.01) vitamin E content of plasma and milk and improved milk oxidative stability. There was an interaction (P = 0.03) between forage type and vitamin E supplementation for oxidative flavor score in week 2. Supplementing the corn silage diet with 7000 IU d−1 of vitamin E resulted in almost complete elimination of oxidized flavor in milk within 1 wk of starting supplementation. However, supplementing the alfalfa silage diet had no effect on flavor over the first 3 wk of feeding. It is apparent that the vitamin E content of milk is not the sole determinant of its oxidative stability. Key words: Spontaneous oxidation, flavor, milk, vitamin E, alfalfa, corn silage, cow

Faster plasma vitamin E disappearance in smokers is normalized by vitamin C supplementation

2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard S. Bruno ◽  
Scott W. Leonard ◽  
Jeffery Atkinson ◽  
Thomas J. Montine ◽  
Rajasekhar Ramakrishnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin C Supplementation ◽  
Plasma Vitamin E

Feeding concentrate pellets enriched by natural vitamin E keeps the plasma vitamin E above the critical level in calves post-weaning

2021 ◽  
pp. 104672
Author(s):  
Saman Lashkari ◽  
Søren K. Jensen ◽  
Christina B. Hansen ◽  
Kenneth Krogh ◽  
Per Theilgaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Critical Level ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Natural Vitamin ◽  
Plasma Vitamin E

Retrolental Fibroplasia: Further Clinical Evidence and Ultrastructural Support for Efficacy of Vitamin E in the Preterm Infant

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Mintz Hittner ◽  
Louis B. Godio ◽  
Michael E. Speer ◽  
Arnold J. Rudolph ◽  
Martha M. Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Gap Junction ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Tocopheryl Acetate ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Retrolental Fibroplasia ◽  
Spindle Cells

To further evaluate the efficacy of oral vitamin E in preventing the development of severe retrolental fibroplasia (RLF) in very low-birth-weight infants, 100 infants treated with 100 mg/kg/d of vitamin E (dl-α-tocopheryl acetate) were compared with 75 infants treated with 5 mg/kg/d of vitamin E (dl-α-tocopherol) in the same nursery during the previous year. All 175 infants weighed ≤1,500 g at birth and required supplemental oxygen. A total of 120 infants (69 treatment; 51 control) survived ≥ 10 weeks. Multivariate analysis of the control population identified five risk factors (P ≤ .10): gestational age, level and duration of oxygen administration, intraventricular hemorrhage, sepsis, and birth weight. When multivariate analysis was applied to both control and treatment groups, the severity of RLF was found to be significantly reduced in infants given the treatment dose of vitamin E(P = .003). Ultrastructural analyses of 58 pairs of whole-eye donations from high-risk infants surviving less than 10 weeks suggest that the initial morphologic event is gap junction increases between the plasma membranes of adjacent spindle cells of the vanguard retina. Such extensively gap junction-linked spindle cells are apparently removed from the vasoformative process as early as 4 days of life, forming a barrier to further normal vascular development and triggering retinal and vitreal neovascularizations approximately 8 weeks later. These events are maximally suppressed by elevated plasma vitamin E levels in infants ≥27 weeks gestational age.

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