scholarly journals Does a better adherence to dietary guidelines reduce mortality risk and environmental impact in the Dutch sub-cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition?

2017 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sander Biesbroek ◽  
W. M. Monique Verschuren ◽  
Jolanda M. A. Boer ◽  
Mirjam E. van de Kamp ◽  
Yvonne T. van der Schouw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Dash Score ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Prospective Investigation

AbstractGuidelines for a healthy diet aim to decrease the risk of chronic diseases. It is unclear as to what extent a healthy diet is also an environmentally friendly diet. In the Dutch sub-cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, the diet was assessed with a 178-item FFQ of 40 011 participants aged 20–70 years between 1993 and 1997. The WHO’s Healthy Diet Indicator (HDI), the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score and the Dutch Healthy Diet index 2015 (DHD15-index) were investigated in relation to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, land use and all-cause mortality risk. GHG emissions were associated with HDI scores (−3·7 % per sd increase (95 % CI −3·4, −4·0) for men and −1·9 % (95 % CI −0·4, −3·4) for women), with DASH scores in women only (1·1 % per sd increase, 95 % CI 0·9, 1·3) and with DHD15-index scores (−2·5 % per sd increase (95 % CI −2·2, −2·8) for men and −2·0 % (95 % CI −1·9, −2·2) for women). For all indices, higher scores were associated with less land use (ranging from −1·3 to −3·1 %). Mortality risk decreased with increasing scores for all indices. Per sd increase of the indices, hazard ratios for mortality ranged from 0·88 (95 % CI 0·82, 0·95) to 0·96 (95 % CI 0·92, 0·99). Our results showed that adhering to the WHO and Dutch dietary guidelines will lower the risk of all-cause mortality and moderately lower the environmental impact. The DASH diet was associated with lower mortality and land use, but because of high dairy product consumption in the Netherlands it was also associated with higher GHG emissions.

scholarly journals Environmental Impact of Dietary Choices: Role of the Mediterranean and Other Dietary Patterns in an Italian Cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Grosso ◽  
Ujué Fresán ◽  
Maira Bes-Rastrollo ◽  
Stefano Marventano ◽  
Fabio Galvano
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Impact

Background: Current scientific literature suggests healthy dietary patterns may have less environmental impact than current consumption patterns, but most of the studies rely on theoretical modeling. The aim of this study was to assess the impact on resources (land, water, and energy) use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of healthy dietary patterns in a sample of Italian adults. Methods: Participants (n = 1806) were recruited through random sampling in the city of Catania, southern Italy. Dietary consumption was assessed through a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ); dietary patterns were calculated through dietary scores. The specific environmental footprints of food item production/processing were obtained from various available life-cycle assessments; a sustainability score was created based on the impact of the four environmental components calculated. Results: The contribution of major food groups to the environmental footprint showed that animal products (dairy, egg, meat, and fish) represented more than half of the impact on GHG emissions and energy requirements; meat products were the stronger contributors to GHG emissions and water use, while dairy products to energy use, and cereals to land use. All patterns investigated, with the exception of the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH), were linearly associated with the sustainability score. Among the components, higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet and Alternate Diet Quality Index (AHEI) was associated with lower GHG emissions, dietary quality index-international (DQI-I) with land use, while Nordic diet with land and water use. Conclusions: In conclusion, the adoption of healthy dietary patterns involves less use of natural resources and GHG emissions, representing eco-friendlier options in Italian adults.

scholarly journals Changes in waist circumference and risk of all-cause and CVD mortality: results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer in Norfolk (EPIC-Norfolk) cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela A. Mulligan ◽  
Marleen A. H. Lentjes ◽  
Robert N. Luben ◽  
Nicholas J. Wareham ◽  
Kay-Tee Khaw
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Central Adiposity ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Cvd Mortality ◽  
Prospective Investigation

Abstract Background Measures of abdominal adiposity are strongly associated with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, data are limited and conflicting regarding the consequences of changes in body fat distribution. The main aims of this paper are to investigate the association between changes in waist circumference (WC) and all-cause and CVD mortality and to examine these changes in relation to concurrent changes in weight. Methods The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Norfolk) study recruited 25,639 participants between 1993 and 1997, aged 39–79, a number of whom also attended a second examination (1998–2000), and were followed up to 2016 for mortality. Participants were eligible for inclusion if they had WC, weight and height measurements at both time-points; those with a self-reported history of CVD or cancer, body mass index < 18.5 kg/m2 or missing data on covariates were excluded, leaving 12,337 participants for analyses. The median (IQR) follow-up time was 16.4 (15.7, 17.2) years. Hazard Ratios (HRs) for all-cause (2866 deaths) and CVD mortality (822 deaths), by categories of WC change, were determined using Cox proportional hazards analyses. Results After multivariable adjustment, the HRs (95% CIs) for all-cause mortality for men and women with a WC gain (WCG) >  5 cm were 1.51 (1.29–1.75) and 1.25 (1.06–1.46) respectively. For CVD mortality in men and women with a WCG >  5 cm, the HRs were 1.84 (1.39–2.43) and 1.15 (0.85–1.55) respectively. In analyses of concurrent changes in WC and weight, the greatest risk (HRs) (95% CIs) in men occurred with weight loss and WCG: 1.80 (1.13–2.86) for all-cause and 2.22 (1.03–4.82) for CVD mortality. In women, the greatest risk for both all-cause (HR 1.50 (1.16–1.95)) and CVD mortality (HR 1.81 (1.15–2.85)) was observed in those with weight loss and maintenance of WC (WCM). Conclusions Objectively measured WCG > 5 cm, was associated with subsequent higher total mortality risk and higher CVD mortality risk in men. Interventions focusing on preventing increase in central adiposity rather than lowering weight per se in later life may potentially have greater health benefits.

scholarly journals Environmental Impact of Increased Adherence to SENC Food Based Dietary Guidelines in the Average Dietary Patterns in Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 563-563
Author(s):  
Carmen Perez-Rodrigo ◽  
Marta Gianzo Citores ◽  
Gotzone Hervás Bárbara ◽  
Javier Aranceta-Bartrina
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Consumer Involvement ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Dietary Changes ◽  
Freshwater Use

Abstract Objectives To analyze estimated changes in greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, cropland use and freshwater use of greater adherence to recommendations in Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDG) issued by the Spanish Society of Community Nutrition (SENC) in average dietary patterns in Spain. Methods The data analyzed was drawn from the ENPE study (n = 6800), a cross-sectional study conducted on a random population sample of Spanish population (2015). Dietary intake data was collected by means of a validated 210-item quantitative food frequency questionnaire. A score of adherence to recommendations in SENC FBDG (DG score) was computed (DG score range 0 to 16). Based on food group intake and adherence to each quantitative recommendation, we estimated food group consumption for a 20% increase in adherence to FBDGs. We calculated the potential environmental impact for those estimates, considering data available on crop specific environmental footprints for greenhouse gas emissions, cropland use and freshwater use. Results SENC FBDGs were formulated in tune with current food, cultural, gastronomic, and economic context. Changes in usual diets that people could comfortably afford in the short and medium term were suggested. Mean adherence DG score in this sample was 7.43 ± 1.94 (median = 7). Dietary changes required for increased adherence DG score included decreased consumption of red and processed meats as well as sugary foods and beverages. In addition, higher consumption of whole grains, fish, eggs, legumes, fruit, vegetables and nuts. Such dietary changes were estimated to contribute to 24% reduction in GHG emissions, but 16% increase in cropland use and 25% in freshwater use. Conclusions FBDG are useful tools for preventive actions and health promotion, helpful for guidance in health, education, and community settings. Despite limited evidence, increased adherence to SENC FBDGs can contribute to reduce GHG emissions. Analysis of impact on a variety of indicators of sustainability, comprehensive food system view and consumer involvement are needed to gain adherence to FBDGs and additional impact on sustainability. Funding Sources Non-for-profit Eroski Foundation funded the ENPE study field work in collaboration with SPRIM. Funders had no role in data analysis, selection or interpretation of results. The authors declare no competing interests.

Effect of farming strategies on environmental impact of intensive dairy farms in Italy

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Guerci ◽  
Luciana Bava ◽  
Maddalena Zucali ◽  
Anna Sandrucci ◽  
Chiara Penati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Lca Methodology ◽  
High Production

Agriculture and animal husbandry are important contributors to global emissions of greenhouse (GHG) and acidifying gases. Moreover, they contribute to water pollution and to consumption of non-renewable natural resources such as land and energy. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology allows evaluation of the environmental impact of a process from the production of inputs to the final product and to assess simultaneously several environmental impact categories among which GHG emissions, acidification, eutrophication, land use and energy use. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate, using the LCA methodology, the environmental impact of milk production in a sample of 41 intensive Italian dairy farms and to identify, among different farming strategies, those associated with the best environmental performances. The functional unit was 1 kg Fat and Protein Corrected Milk (FPCM). Farms showed characteristics of high production intensity: FPCM, expressed as tonnes per hectare, was 30·8±15·1. Total GHG emission per kg FPCM at farm gate was 1·30±0·19 kg CO2 eq. The main contributors to climate change potential were emissions from barns and manure storage (50·1%) and emissions for production and transportation of purchased feeds (21·2%). Average emission of gases causing acidification to produce 1 kg FPCM was 19·7±3·6 g of SO2 eq. Eutrophication potential was 9·01±1·78 ${\rm PO}_{\rm 4}^{{\rm 3} -} {\rm eq}.$ per kg FPCM on average. Farms from this study needed on average 5·97±1·32 MJ per kg FPCM from non-renewable energy sources. Energy consumption was mainly due to off-farm activities (58%) associated with purchased factors. Land use was 1·51±0·25 m2 per kg FPCM. The farming strategy based on high conversion efficiency at animal level was identified as the most effective to mitigate the environmental impact per kg milk at farm gate, especially in terms of GHG production and non-renewable energy use per kg FPCM.

scholarly journals Can nutrient profiling help to identify foods which diet variety should be encouraged? Results from the Whitehall II cohort

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (11) ◽  
pp. 1800-1809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Masset ◽  
Peter Scarborough ◽  
Mike Rayner ◽  
Gita Mishra ◽  
Eric J. Brunner
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Healthy Foods ◽  
Nutrient Profiling ◽  
Diet Variety ◽  
Total Food ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Food Variety ◽  
The Uk

Higher variety of recommended foods, identified arbitrarily based on dietary guidelines, has been associated with better health status. Nutrient profiling is designed to identify objectively, based on nutrient content, healthier foods whose consumption should be encouraged. The objective was to assess the prospective associations between total food variety (food variety score, FVS) and variety from selected recommended and non-recommended foods (RFV and NRFV, respectively) and risk of chronic disease and mortality. In 1991–3, 7251 participants of the Whitehall II study completed a 127-item FFQ. The FVS was defined as the number of foods consumed more than once a week. (N)RFV(Ofcom) and (N)RFV(SAIN,LIM) were similarly derived selecting healthier (or less healthier) foods as defined by the UK Ofcom and French SAIN,LIM nutrient profile models, respectively. Multi-adjusted Cox regressions were fitted with incident CHD, diabetes, CVD, cancer and all-cause mortality (318, 754, 137, 251 and 524 events, respectively – median follow-up time 17 years). RFV and NRFV scores were mutually adjusted. The FVS (fourthv.first quartile) was associated with a 39 and 26 % reduction of prospective CHD and all-cause mortality risk, respectively. The RFV(Ofcom) (thirdv.first quartile) was associated with a 27 and 35 % reduction of all-cause mortality and cancer mortality risk, respectively; similar associations were suggested, but not significant for the RFV(SAIN,LIM). No prospective associations were observed with NRFV scores. The results strengthen the rationale to promote total food variety and variety from healthy foods. Nutrient profiling can help in identifying those foods whose consumption should be encouraged.

scholarly journals Pre-diagnostic meat and fibre intakes in relation to colorectal cancer survival in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather A. Ward ◽  
Teresa Norat ◽  
Kim Overvad ◽  
Christina C. Dahm ◽  
H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Prospective Investigation

AbstractImprovements in colorectal cancer (CRC) detection and treatment have led to greater numbers of CRC survivors, for whom there is limited evidence on which to provide dietary guidelines to improve survival outcomes. Higher intake of red and processed meat and lower intake of fibre are associated with greater risk of developing CRC, but there is limited evidence regarding associations with survival after CRC diagnosis. Among 3789 CRC cases in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort, pre-diagnostic consumption of red meat, processed meat, poultry and dietary fibre was examined in relation to CRC-specific mortality (n 1008) and all-cause mortality (n 1262) using multivariable Cox regression models, adjusted for CRC risk factors. Pre-diagnostic red meat, processed meat or fibre intakes (defined as quartiles and continuous grams per day) were not associated with CRC-specific or all-cause mortality among CRC survivors; however, a marginal trend across quartiles of processed meat in relation to CRC mortality was detected (P 0·053). Pre-diagnostic poultry intake was inversely associated with all-cause mortality among women (hazard ratio (HR)/20 g/d 0·92; 95 % CI 0·84, 1·00), but not among men (HR 1·00; 95 % CI 0·91, 1·09) (Pfor heterogeneity=0·10). Pre-diagnostic intake of red meat or fibre is not associated with CRC survival in the EPIC cohort. There is suggestive evidence of an association between poultry intake and all-cause mortality among female CRC survivors and between processed meat intake and CRC-specific mortality; however, further research using post-diagnostic dietary data is required to confirm this relationship.

Environmental impact of insect rearing.

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Dennis G. A. B. Oonincx
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Climate Control ◽  
Life Cycle Assessments ◽  
Insect Rearing ◽  
The Eu

Abstract This chapter discusses the environmental impact of insect rearing. Direct greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from insects used as feed or food are discussed and data from life cycle assessments (LCAs) on commercially farmed insects are discussed per species. The relevance of the utilized feed on the environmental impact of insects and their derived products, including suggestions to lower this impact are also discussed. It is concluded that land use associated with insect production generally seems low, compared to conventional feed and food products. The EU (expressed as fossil fuel depletion) of insect production is often high compared to conventional products. To a large extent this is because several LCAs have been conducted for systems in temperate climates, which require extensive climate control.

scholarly journals Sustainable Diets in the UK—Developing a Systematic Framework to Assess the Environmental Impact, Cost and Nutritional Quality of Household Food Purchases

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 4974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Wrieden ◽  
Joel Halligan ◽  
Louis Goffe ◽  
Karen Barton ◽  
Ilkka Leinonen
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Group Living ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Income Quintile ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Sustainable Diets ◽  
Food Items

Sustainable diets should not only respect the environment but also be healthy and affordable. However, there has been little work to assess whether real diets can encompass all three aspects. The aim of this study was to develop a framework to quantify actual diet records for health, affordability and environmental sustainability and apply this to UK food purchase survey data. We applied a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach to detailed food composition data where purchased food items were disaggregated into their components with traceable environmental impact data. This novel approach is an improvement to earlier studies in which sustainability assessments were based on a limited number of “food groups”, with a potentially high variation of actual food items within each group. Living Costs and Food Survey data for 2012, 2013 and 2014 were mapped into published figures for greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE, taking into account processing, transport and cooking) and land use, a diet quality index (DQI) based on dietary guidelines and food cost, all standardised per household member. Households were classified as having a ‘more sustainable’ diet based on GHGE, cost and land use being less than the median and DQI being higher than the median. Only 16.6% of households could be described as more sustainable; this rose to 22% for those in the lowest income quintile. Increasing the DQI criteria to >80% resulted in only 100 households being selected, representing 0.8% of the sample. The framework enabled identification of more sustainable households, providing evidence of how we can move toward better diets in terms of the environment, health, and costs.

486 Clinical composite endpoint classification of REVIVE II corresponds to all-cause mortality risk

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-107
Author(s):  
J TEERLINK ◽  
L DELGADOHERRERA ◽  
R THAKKAR ◽  
B HUANG ◽  
R PADLEY
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Composite Endpoint ◽  
All Cause Mortality

More Eggs, Less Sugar: A Sneak Peek into the Latest Dietary Guidelines for Americans

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-24
Author(s):  
Darlene Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Dietary Guidelines For Americans

ABSTRACT The 2015 – 2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans provides guidance for choosing a healthy diet. There is a focus on preventing and alleviating the effects of diet-related chronic diseases. These include obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and stroke, among others. This article briefly reviews the primary guideline items that can be used to teach patients with respect to improving their diet. Clinical exercise physiologists who work with patients with chronic disease can use these guidelines for general discussions regarding a heart-healthy diet.

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