A systemic study of lipid metabolism regulation in salmon fingerlings and early juveniles fed plant oil

AbstractIn salmon farming, the scarcity of fish oil has driven a shift towards the use of plant-based oil from vegetable or seed, leading to fish feed low in long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) and cholesterol. Atlantic salmon has the capacity to synthesise both LC-PUFA and cholesterol, but little is known about the regulation of synthesis and how it varies throughout salmon life span. Here, we present a systemic view of lipid metabolism pathways based on lipid analyses and transcriptomic data from salmon fed contrasting diets of plant or fish oil from first feeding. We analysed four tissues (stomach, pyloric caeca, hindgut and liver) at three life stages (initial feeding 0·16 g, 2·5 g fingerlings and 10 g juveniles). The strongest response to diets higher in plant oil was seen in pyloric caeca of fingerlings, with up-regulation of thirty genes in pathways for cholesterol uptake, transport and biosynthesis. In juveniles, only eleven genes showed differential expression in pyloric caeca. This indicates a higher requirement of dietary cholesterol in fingerlings, which could result in a more sensitive response to plant oil. The LC-PUFA elongation and desaturation pathway was down-regulated in pyloric caeca, probably regulated bysrebp1genes. In liver, cholesterol metabolism and elongation and desaturation genes were both higher on plant oil. Stomach and hindgut were not notably affected by dietary treatment. Plant oil also had a higher impact on fatty acid composition of fingerlings compared with juveniles, suggesting that fingerlings have less metabolic regulatory control when primed with plant oil diet compared with juveniles.

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Comparison of mammary lipid metabolism in dairy cows and goats fed diets supplemented with starch, plant oil, or fish oil

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.2017-12789 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 100 (11) ◽

pp. 9338-9351 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

L. Bernard ◽

P.G. Toral ◽

Y. Chilliard

Keyword(s):

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Plant Oil ◽

Starch Plant

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Comparison of ruminal lipid metabolism in dairy cows and goats fed diets supplemented with starch, plant oil, or fish oil

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.2015-10292 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 99 (1) ◽

pp. 301-316 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

P.G. Toral ◽

L. Bernard ◽

A. Belenguer ◽

J. Rouel ◽

G. Hervás ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Plant Oil ◽

Starch Plant

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Apparent Digestibility of Macronutrients and Fatty Acids from Microalgae (Schizochytrium sp.) Fed to Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): A Potential Candidate for Fish Oil Substitution

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11020456 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 456

Author(s):

Amélie Bélanger ◽

Pallab K. Sarker ◽

Dominique P. Bureau ◽

Yvan Chouinard ◽

Grant W. Vandenberg

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Rainbow Trout ◽

Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Fish Feed ◽

Potential Candidate ◽

Apparent Digestibility ◽

Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽

Aquaculture Feed

Aquaculture feed formulation has recently turned its focus to reduce the reliance on marine-derived resources and utilise alternative feedstuffs, as an approach to improve the environmental sustainability of the aquaculture sector. The fish oil market is highly volatile, and availability of this commodity is continuously decreasing for use in aquaculture. Currently, a growing number of commercial efforts producing microalgae are providing omega 3-rich oil for sustainable aquaculture feed. This study was focused to determine the nutrient digestibility of a marine microalga, Schizochytrium spp., which is rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), as a novel dietary lipid source that could be utilized effectively by rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). A whole-cell Schizochytrium spp. biomass was used in the digestibility experiment at two different temperatures, 8 °C and 15 °C. No significant differences were detected between the two temperatures for the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of the dry matter (94.3 ± 4.9%), total lipids (85.8 ± 0.0%), crude proteins (89.5 ± 1.8%), energy (83.1 ± 1.7%) and fatty acids (85.8 ± 7.5%). The ADCs of the nutrients, energy, DHA and other fatty acids showed that Schizochytrium spp. is a high-quality candidate for fish oil substitution and supplement of LC-PUFA in fish feed with vegetable oils.

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Liver Bile Acid Changes in Mouse Models of Alzheimer’s Disease

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22147451 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (14) ◽

pp. 7451

Author(s):

Harpreet Kaur ◽

Drew Seeger ◽

Svetlana Golovko ◽

Mikhail Golovko ◽

Colin Kelly Combs

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Bile Acid ◽

Bile Acids ◽

Cholesterol Metabolism ◽

Amyloid Β ◽

Acid Synthesis ◽

Bile Acid Synthesis ◽

Liver Cholesterol ◽

Bile Acid Metabolism

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive impairment. It is hypothesized to develop due to the dysfunction of two major proteins, amyloid-β (Aβ) and microtubule-associated protein, tau. Evidence supports the involvement of cholesterol changes in both the generation and deposition of Aβ. This study was performed to better understand the role of liver cholesterol and bile acid metabolism in the pathophysiology of AD. We used male and female wild-type control (C57BL/6J) mice to compare to two well-characterized amyloidosis models of AD, APP/PS1, and AppNL-G-F. Both conjugated and unconjugated primary and secondary bile acids were quantified using UPLC-MS/MS from livers of control and AD mice. We also measured cholesterol and its metabolites and identified changes in levels of proteins associated with bile acid synthesis and signaling. We observed sex differences in liver cholesterol levels accompanied by differences in levels of synthesis intermediates and conjugated and unconjugated liver primary bile acids in both APP/PS1 and AppNL-G-F mice when compared to controls. Our data revealed fundamental deficiencies in cholesterol metabolism and bile acid synthesis in the livers of two different AD mouse lines. These findings strengthen the involvement of liver metabolism in the pathophysiology of AD.

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Perinatal maternal high-fat diet promotes alterations in hepatic lipid metabolism and resistance to the hypolipidemic effect of fish oil in adolescent rat offspring

Molecular Nutrition & Food Research ◽

10.1002/mnfr.201600171 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 60 (11) ◽

pp. 2493-2504 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Lorraine S. Oliveira ◽

Luana L. Souza ◽

Aline F. P. Souza ◽

Aline Cordeiro ◽

George E. G. Kluck ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Fish Oil ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Hypolipidemic Effect ◽

High Fat ◽

Hepatic Lipid Metabolism ◽

Hepatic Lipid ◽

Rat Offspring

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Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Plasma after Remote Ischemic Conditioning in a Rhesus Monkey Ischemic Stroke Model

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom11081164 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1164

Author(s):

Siying Song ◽

Linlin Guo ◽

Di Wu ◽

Jingfei Shi ◽

Yunxia Duan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Rhesus Monkey ◽

Proteomic Analysis ◽

Complement C3 ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Plasma Proteome ◽

Remote Ischemic Conditioning ◽

Ischemic Conditioning ◽

Metabolism Regulation ◽

Induced Changes

Background: Animal and clinical studies have shown that remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) has protective effects for cerebral vascular diseases, with induced humoral factor changes in the peripheral blood. However, many findings are heterogeneous, perhaps due to differences in the RIC intervention schemes, enrolled populations, and sample times. This study aimed to examine the RIC-induced changes in the plasma proteome using rhesus monkey models of strokes. Methods: Two adult rhesus monkeys with autologous blood clot-induced middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion underwent RIC interventions twice a week for five consecutive weeks. Each RIC treatment included five cycles of five minutes of ischemia alternating with five minutes of reperfusion of the forearm. The blood samples were taken from the median cubital vein of the monkeys at baseline and immediately after each week’s RIC stimulus. The plasma samples were isolated for a proteomic analysis using mass spectrometry (MS). Results: Several proteins related to lipid metabolism (Apolipoprotein A-II and Apolipoprotein C-II), coagulation (Fibrinogen alpha chain and serpin), immunoinflammatory responses (complement C3 and C1), and endovascular hemostasis (basement membrane-specific heparan sulfate proteoglycan) were significantly modulated after the RIC intervention. Many of these induced changes, such as in the lipid metabolism regulation and anticoagulation responses, starting as early as two weeks following the RIC intervention. The complementary activation and protection of the endovascular cells occurred more than three weeks postintervention. Conclusions: Multiple protective effects were induced by RIC and involved lipid metabolism regulation (anti-atherogenesis), anticoagulation (antithrombosis), complement activation, and endovascular homeostasis (anti-inflammation). In conclusion, this study indicates that RIC results in significant modulations of the plasma proteome. It also provides ideas for future research and screening targets.

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Dietary plant proteins and vegetable oil blends increase adiposity and plasma lipids in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salarL.)

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114511000729 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 106 (5) ◽

pp. 633-647 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

Bente E. Torstensen ◽

Marit Espe ◽

Ingunn Stubhaug ◽

Øyvind Lie

Keyword(s):

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Atlantic Salmon ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Fish Meal ◽

Dietary Lipids ◽

The Body ◽

Whole Body ◽

Acid Uptake ◽

Plant Proteins ◽

Vldl Assembly

In order to study whether lipid metabolism may be affected by maximum replacement of dietary fish oil and fish meal with vegetable oils (VO) and plant proteins (PP), Atlantic salmon (Salmo salarL.) smolts were fed a control diet containing fish oil and fish meal or one of three plant-based diets through the seawater production phase for 12 months. Diets were formulated to meet all known nutrient requirements. The whole-body lipid storage pattern was measured after 12 months, as well as post-absorptive plasma, VLDL and liver TAG. To further understand the effects on lipid metabolism, expression of genes encoding for proteins involved in VLDL assembly (apoB100), fatty acid uptake (FATP1, cd36, LPL and FABP3, FABP10 and FABP11) were measured in liver and visceral adipose tissue. Maximum dietary VO and PP increased visceral lipid stores, liver TAG, and plasma VLDL and TAG concentrations. Increased plasma TAG correlated with an increased expression of apoB100, indicating increased VLDL assembly in the liver of fish fed the high-plant protein- and VO-based diet. Atlantic salmon fed intermediate replacement levels of VO or PP did not have increased body fat or visceral mass. Overall, the present results demonstrate an interaction between dietary lipids and protein on lipid metabolism, increasing overall adiposity and TAG in the body when fish meal and fish oil are replaced concomitantly at maximised levels of VO and PP.

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