Association of the glycaemic index and glycaemic load with colorectal cancer in the population of Córdoba (Argentina): results of a case–control study using a multilevel modelling approach

AbstractThe glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) are involved in the aetiology of different diseases, and they could be related to the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the quality and quantity indicators of carbohydrates consumed by the population of Córdoba (Argentina) and the odds of developing CRC in 2008–2016 period. A case–control study was conducted with 492 participants (161/331 cases/controls), interviewed through a validated FFQ. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to assess the effect of GI, GL and the quantity or weekly intake of high-GI foods on CRC occurrence, following adjustment for individual/first-level covariates, and using level of urbanisation as the contextual variable. The models were stratified by sex. Participants in the highest v. lowest tertile of dietary GL and weekly intake of high-GI foods had increased odds of CRC presence in the entire sample (OR 1·64, 95 % CI 1·16, 2·34 and OR 1·11, 95 % CI 1·09, 1·14, respectively) and in women (OR 1·98, 95 % CI 1·24, 3·18 and OR 1·41, 95 % CI 1·09, 1·83, respectively). In men, the second tertile of GL and weekly intake of high-GI foods were associated with CRC (OR 1·44, 95 % CI 1·04, 1·99 and OR 1·48, 95 % CI 1·32, 1·65, respectively). Also, GI was associated with CRC in women (highest v. lowest tertile OR 2·12, 95 % CI 1·38, 3·27). In addition to the quantity and quality of carbohydrates intake, it is important to consider the frequency of consumption of high-GI foods in CRC prevention.

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Carbohydrate, dietary glycaemic index and glycaemic load, and colorectal cancer risk: a case–control study in China

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s000711451800051x ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 119 (8) ◽

pp. 937-948 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jing Huang ◽

Yu-Jing Fang ◽

Ming Xu ◽

Hong Luo ◽

Nai-Qi Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Chinese Population ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Glycaemic Index ◽

Case Control ◽

Colorectal Cancer Risk ◽

Total Carbohydrate ◽

Glycaemic Load ◽

Control Study

AbstractA carbohydrate-rich diet results in hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia; it may further induce the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer. However, epidemiological evidence among Chinese population is quite limited. The aim of this study was to investigate total carbohydrate, non-fibre carbohydrate, total fibre, starch, dietary glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) in relation to colorectal cancer risk in Chinese population. A case–control study was conducted from July 2010 to April 2017, recruiting 1944 eligible colorectal cancer cases and 2027 age (5-year interval) and sex frequency-matched controls. Dietary information was collected by using a validated FFQ. The OR and 95 % CI of colorectal cancer risk were assessed by multivariable logistic regression models. There was no clear association between total carbohydrate intake and colorectal cancer risk. The adjusted OR was 0·85 (95 % CI 0·70, 1·03,Ptrend=0·08) comparing the highest with the lowest quartile. Total fibre was related to a 53 % reduction in colorectal cancer risk (adjusted ORquartile 4v.10·47; 95 % CI 0·39, 0·58). However, dietary GI was positively associated with colorectal cancer risk, with an adjusted ORquartile 4v.1of 3·10 (95 % CI 2·51, 3·85). No significant association was found between the intakes of non-fibre carbohydrate, starch and dietary GL and colorectal cancer risk. This study indicated that dietary GI was positively associated with colorectal cancer risk, but no evidence supported that total carbohydrate, non-fibre carbohydrate, starch or high dietary GL intake were related to an increased risk of colorectal cancer in a Chinese population.

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High consumption of vegetable and fruit colour groups is inversely associated with the risk of colorectal cancer: a case–control study

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114515000331 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 113 (7) ◽

pp. 1129-1138 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Wei-Ping Luo ◽

Yu-Jing Fang ◽

Min-Shan Lu ◽

Xiao Zhong ◽

Yu-Ming Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Vegetable Intake ◽

Case Control ◽

Colorectal Cancer Risk ◽

Fruit Colour ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Orange Yellow ◽

Control Study

The colour of the edible portion of vegetables and fruit reflects the presence of specific micronutrients and phytochemicals. No existing studies have examined the relationship between the intake of vegetable and fruit colour groups and the risk of colorectal cancer. The present study, therefore, aimed to investigate these associations in a Chinese population. A case–control study was conducted between July 2010 and July 2014 in Guangzhou, China, in which 1057 consecutively recruited cases of colorectal cancer were frequency-matched to 1057 controls by age (5-year interval), sex and residence (rural/urban). A validated FFQ was used to collect dietary information during face-to-face interviews. Vegetables and fruit were classified into four groups according to the colour of their primarily edible parts: green; orange/yellow; red/purple; white. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to estimate the OR and 95 % CI. A higher consumption of orange/yellow, red/purple and white vegetables and fruit was inversely associated with the risk of colorectal cancer, with adjusted OR of 0·16 (95 % CI 0·12, 0·22) for orange/yellow, 0·23 (95 % CI 0·17, 0·31) for red/purple and 0·53 (95 % CI 0·40, 0·70) for white vegetables and fruit when the highest and lowest quartiles were compared. Total vegetable intake and total fruit intake have also been found to be inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk. However, the intake of green vegetable and fruit was not associated with colorectal cancer risk. The results of the present study, therefore, suggest that a greater intake of orange/yellow, red/purple and white vegetables and fruit is inversely associated with the risk of colorectal cancer.

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Glycaemic index, glycaemic load and risk of cutaneous melanoma in a population-based, case–control study

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s000711451700006x ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 117 (3) ◽

pp. 432-438 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Marcella Malavolti ◽

Carlotta Malagoli ◽

Catherine M. Crespi ◽

Furio Brighenti ◽

Claudia Agnoli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cutaneous Melanoma ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Population Based ◽

Glycaemic Index ◽

Case Control ◽

Melanoma Risk ◽

Glycaemic Load ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Incident Cases ◽

Control Study

AbstractGlycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) are indicators of dietary carbohydrate quantity and quality and have been associated with increased risk of certain cancers and type 2 diabetes. Insulin resistance has been associated with increased melanoma risk. However, GI and GL have not been investigated for melanoma. We present the first study to examine the possible association of GI and GL with melanoma risk. We carried out a population-based, case–control study involving 380 incident cases of cutaneous melanoma and 719 age- and sex-matched controls in a northern Italian region. Dietary GI and GL were computed for each subject using data from a self-administered, semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. We computed the odds ratio (OR) for melanoma according to quintiles of distribution of GL and GL among controls. A direct association between melanoma risk and GL emerged in females (OR 2·38; 95 % CI 1·25, 4·52 for the highest v. the lowest quintile of GL score, Pfor trend 0·070) but not in males. The association in females persisted in the multivariable analysis after adjusting for several potential confounders. There was no evidence of an association between GI and melanoma risk. GL might be associated with melanoma risk in females.

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Inflammatory potential of diet and risk of colorectal cancer: a case–control study from Italy

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114515001828 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 114 (1) ◽

pp. 152-158 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

Nitin Shivappa ◽

Antonella Zucchetto ◽

Maurizio Montella ◽

Diego Serraino ◽

Susan E. Steck ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Rectal Cancer ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Continuous Variable ◽

Case Control ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Inflammatory Index ◽

Colon And Rectal Cancer ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Control Study

Diet and inflammation have been suggested to be important risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC). In the present study, we examined the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and the risk of CRC in a multi-centre case–control study conducted between 1992 and 1996 in Italy. The study included 1225 incident colon cancer cases, 728 incident rectal cancer cases and 4154 controls hospitalised for acute non-neoplastic diseases. The DII was computed based on dietary intake assessed using a validated seventy-eight-item FFQ that included assessment of alcohol intake. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the OR adjusted for age, sex, study centre, education, BMI, alcohol drinking, physical activity and family history of CRC. Energy intake was adjusted using the residual method. Subjects with higher DII scores (i.e. with a more pro-inflammatory diet) had a higher risk of CRC, with the DII being used both as a continuous variable (ORcontinuous 1·13, 95 % CI 1·09, 1·18) and as a categorical variable (ORquintile 5 v. 1 1·55, 95 % CI 1·29, 1·85; P for trend < 0·0001). Similar results were observed when the analyses were carried out separately for colon and rectal cancer cases. These results indicate that a pro-inflammatory diet is associated with an increased risk of CRC.

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Associations of dietary carbohydrates, glycaemic index and glycaemic load with risk of bladder cancer: a case–control study

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114517002574 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 118 (9) ◽

pp. 722-729 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Livia S. A. Augustin ◽

Martina Taborelli ◽

Maurizio Montella ◽

Massimo Libra ◽

Carlo La Vecchia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bladder Cancer ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Vegetable Consumption ◽

Glycaemic Index ◽

Case Control ◽

Dietary Carbohydrates ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Italian Case ◽

Control Study

AbstractCarbohydrate foods with high glycaemic index (GI) and load (GL) may negatively influence cancer risk. We studied the association of dietary carbohydrates, GI, GL, intake of bread and pasta with risk of bladder cancer using data from an Italian case–control study. The study included 578 men and women with histologically confirmed bladder cancer and 608 controls admitted to the same hospitals as cases for acute, non-neoplastic conditions. OR were estimated by logistic regression models after allowance for relevant confounding factors. OR of bladder cancer for the highest v. the lowest quantile of intake were 1·52 (95 % CI 0·85, 2·69) for available carbohydrates, 1·18 (95 % CI 0·83, 1·67) for GI, 1·96 (95 % CI 1·16, 3·31, Ptrend<0·01) for GL, 1·58 (95 % CI 1·09, 2·29, Ptrend=0·03) for pasta and 1·92 (95 % CI 1·28, 2·86, Ptrend<0·01) for bread. OR for regular consumption of legumes and whole-grain products were 0·78 (95 % CI 0·60, 1·00) and 0·82 (95 % CI 0·63, 1·08), respectively. No heterogeneity in risks emerged across strata of sex. This case–control study showed that bladder cancer risk was directly associated with high dietary GL and with consumption of high quantity of refined carbohydrate foods, particularly bread. These associations were apparently stronger in subjects with low vegetable consumption.

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Physical impairments and quality of life of colorectal cancer survivors: a case-control study

European Journal of Cancer Care ◽

10.1111/ecc.12218 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 24 (5) ◽

pp. 642-649 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

A. Sánchez-Jiménez ◽

I. Cantarero-Villanueva ◽

G. Delgado-García ◽

R. Molina-Barea ◽

C. Fernández-Lao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Cancer Survivors ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Physical Impairments ◽

Colorectal Cancer Survivors ◽

Control Study

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Interaction Between Retinol Intake and ISX rs5755368 Polymorphism in Colorectal Cancer Risk: A Case-control Study Among the Korean Population

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1191974/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anh Quynh Bui ◽

Madhawa Gunathilake ◽

Jeonghee Lee ◽

Jae Hwan Oh ◽

Hee Jin Chang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Regression Models ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Protective Role ◽

Case Control ◽

Total Study Population ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Study Population ◽

Control Study

Abstract There is limited evidence about the interaction between retinol intake and the intestine-specific homeobox (ISX) rs5755368 polymorphism in colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. We conducted a hospital-based case-control study to examine whether the ISX rs5755368 genotypes are associated with the effect of dietary retinol consumption on CRC risk. First, to identify the association between dietary retinol and CRC risk, we recruited 923 CRC patients and 1846 controls. Dietary retinol intake was assessed using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. For genetic analysis, genotype data were available for 1419 patients (600 cases and 819 controls) out of the total study population. ISX rs5755368 genotyping was performed using an Illumina MEGA-Expanded Array. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using unconditional logistic regression models. Retinol intake was inversely associated with the development of CRC (OR = 0.49; 95% CI = 0.37–0.63) after adjusting for confounders. Patients with homozygous AA genotype of the ISX rs5755368 polymorphism were less likely to have CRC risk than subjects carrying the G allele (AG+GG) (OR = 0.76; 95% CI = 0.58–0.99). Additionally, a 68% reduced risk of CRC was related to the highest retinol intake among those carrying the rs5755368 AA genotype compared to the risk of participants carrying the G allele consumed the lowest retinol intake (OR = 0.32; 95% CI = 0.20–0.53; P interaction=0.026). In conclusion, our study confirmed a protective role of retinol intake in CRC risk reduction. Moreover, this association was strengthened significantly among individuals carrying the homozygous AA genotype of the ISX rs5755368 polymorphism.

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Folate, alcohol, ADH1B and ALDH2 and colorectal cancer risk

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s136898001900452x ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Ju Eun Seol ◽

Jeongseon Kim ◽

Bong-Hwa Lee ◽

Dae-Yong Hwang ◽

Jinyoung Jeong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Alcohol Intake ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Potential Interaction ◽

University Hospitals ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Asian Populations ◽

Control Study

Abstract Objective: There is limited evidence on the interaction by alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (ADH1B) (rs1229984) and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) (rs671) regarding the associations of alcohol and a methyl diet (low folate and high alcohol intake) with cancer risk, partly because of rare polymorphisms in Western populations. Design: In a case–control study, we estimated the ORs and 95 % CIs to evaluate the associations of ADH1B and ALDH2 genotypes with colorectal cancer (CRC) and the joint association between methyl diets and ADH1B and ALDH2 polymorphisms with CRC risk using logistic regression models. Setting: A hospital-based case–control study. Participants: In total, 1001 CRC cases and 899 cancer-free controls admitted to two university hospitals. Results: We found that alcohol intake increased the risk of CRC; OR (95 % CI) was 2·02 (1·41, 2·87) for ≥60 g/d drinkers compared with non-drinkers (Ptrend < 0·001). The associations for two polymorphisms with CRC were not statistically significant. However, we found a potential interaction of ALDH2 with methyl diets and CRC. We observed a 9·08-fold (95 % CI 1·93, 42·60) higher risk of CRC for low-methyl diets compared with high-methyl diets among individuals with an A allele of ALDH2, but the association was not apparent among those with ALDH2 GG (Pinteraction = 0·02). Conclusions: Our data support the evidence that gene–methyl diet interactions may be involved in CRC risk in East Asian populations, showing that a low-methyl diet increased the risk of CRC among individuals with an A allele of ALDH2.

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Dietary inflammatory index and odds of colorectal cancer in a case-control study from Jordan

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2017-0035 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 42 (7) ◽

pp. 744-749 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Nitin Shivappa ◽

James R. Hébert ◽

Susan E. Steck ◽

Lorne J. Hofseth ◽

Ihab Shehadah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Sex Education ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Middle Eastern ◽

Continuous Variable ◽

Case Control ◽

Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Inflammatory Index ◽

Control Study

Dietary components that promote inflammation of the colon have been suggested to be risk factors in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). The possible link between inflammatory potential of diet and CRC has been investigated in several developed or Western countries. Despite the fact that dietary choices in the Middle East differ markedly from those in the West, results have not been reported from any study conducted in a Middle-Eastern population. We examined the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) scores and CRC in a case-control study conducted in Jordan. This study included 153 histopathologically confirmed CRC cases and 202 disease-free control subjects’ frequency matched on age, sex, and occupation. Data were collected between January 2010 and December 2012, using interviewer-administered questionnaires. DII scores were computed from dietary data reported using a food frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusted for age, sex, education, physical activity, body mass index, smoking, and family history of CRC. Subjects with higher DII scores were at increased odds of CRC, with the DII being used both as a continuous variable (ORcontinuous = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.13–1.85; 1-unit increase corresponding to ≈20% of its range in the current study) and as a categorical variable (ORtertile 3 vs tertile 1 = 2.13, 95%CI: 1.23–3.72). Our results, based on a Jordanian population, add to the growing literature indicating that a pro-inflammatory diet is associated with increased odds of CRC.

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