Which Anthropometric Measurement is better for Predicting Survival of Patients with Cancer Cachexia?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Yi-Zhong Ge ◽  
Guo-Tian Ruan ◽  
Kang-Ping Zhang ◽  
Meng Tang ◽  
Qi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Cancer Cachexia ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Triceps Skin Fold ◽  
Using Data

Abstract No relevant studies have yet been conducted to explore which measurement can best predict the survival time of patients with cancer cachexia. This study aimed to identify an anthropometric measurement that could predict the 1-year survival of patients with cancer cachexia. We conducted a nested case-control study using data from a multicenter clinical investigation of cancer from 2013 to 2020. Cachexia was defined using the Fearon criteria. A total of 262 patients who survived less than 1 year and 262 patients who survived more than 1 year were included in this study. Six candidate variables were selected based on clinical experience and previous studies. Five variables; body mass index, mid-arm circumference, mid-arm muscle circumference, calf circumference, and triceps skin fold (TSF), were selected for inclusion in the multivariable model. In the conditional logistic regression analysis, TSF (p=0.014) was identified as a significant independent protective factor. A similar result was observed in all patients with cancer cachexia (n=3084). In addition, a significantly stronger positive association between TSF and the 1-year survival of patients with cancer cachexia was observed in participants aged >65 years (OR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.89, 0.99) than in those aged ≤65 years (OR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.93, 0.99; P-interaction =0.013) and in participants with no chronic disease (OR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.87, 0.97) than in those with chronic disease (OR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.94,1.00; P-interaction =0.049). According to this study, TSF might be a good anthropometric measurement for predicting 1-year survival in patients with cancer cachexia.

scholarly journals Study of occupation and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in a Danish cohort

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 630-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisha S Dickerson ◽  
Johnni Hansen ◽  
Marianthi-Anna Kioumourtzoglou ◽  
Aaron J Specht ◽  
Ole Gredal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Danish Cohort ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

ObjectivesSeveral manuscripts have proposed associations between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and occupational toxicant exposures—not to mention physical activity and trauma/injury. Some have also reported associations in investigations of specific occupations. Using data from a prospective Danish cohort study, we investigated the association between employment in certain industries and ALS diagnosis.MethodsWe identified 1826 ALS cases who were 25 years old or less in 1964 and diagnosed from 1982 to 2013 from the Danish National Patient Registry then matched 100 population controls to each case based on birth year and sex. Demographic data were linked to the Danish Pension Fund to determine occupation history. Conditional logistic regression models were adjusted for socioeconomic status, marital status and residential location at the index date.ResultsThere was an increase in odds of ALS among men who worked in agriculture, hunting, forestry or fishing (adjusted OR (aOR)=1.21; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.45). There was also a positive association for men employed in construction (aOR=1.21; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.39). In women, a protective association was seen with employment in the cleaning industry (aOR=0.69; 95% CI 0.52 to 0.93).ConclusionsOur study shows various occupations with exposure to toxicants, such as diesel exhaust and lead, and strenuous physical activity associated with increased odds of ALS in men. Future studies should have a particular focus on gathering detailed information on physical exertion and toxicant exposures specific to certain job tasks.

CEO and CFO Equity Incentives and the Pricing of Audit Services

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Anthony Billings ◽  
Xinghua Gao ◽  
Yonghong Jia
Keyword(s):  
Positive Association ◽  
Audit Fees ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
Audit Risk ◽  
Pricing Decisions ◽  
Equity Incentives ◽  
Accounting Scandals ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Distinctive Role

SUMMARY: The alleged perverse role of managerial incentives in accounting scandals, and the distinctive role of auditors in identifying and intervening in attempted earnings manipulation, highlight the importance of explicitly considering executive incentive plans by auditors in the auditing process. By empirically testing auditors' responses to CEO/CFO equity incentives in planning and pricing decisions using data from 2002 through 2009, we document compelling evidence that CFO equity incentives are positively associated with audit fees and CEO equity incentives are not statistically related to audit fees, suggesting that auditors perceive heightened audit risk associated with CFO equity incentives. Our further analyses reveal that the positive association between CFO equity incentives and audit fees is more pronounced in firms with weak internal controls, indicating heightened risk associated with CFO equity incentives in this setting perceived by auditors. JEL Classifications: G30, G34, M42, M52.

Neighborhood Engagement, Dogs, and Life Satisfaction in Older Adulthood

2020 ◽  
pp. 073346482095372
Author(s):  
Angela L. Curl ◽  
Jessica Bibbo ◽  
Rebecca A. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Older Adulthood ◽  
Dog Walking ◽  
Dog Ownership ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Indirect Relationship ◽  
Analysis Models ◽  
Retirement Study

Objectives This study examined the relationships between dog ownership, dog walking, and the emotional bond with a dog to neighborhood engagement and life satisfaction among those over age 50. Method Using data from the Health and Retirement Study ( N = 476), two path analysis models were conducted to test the research hypotheses. Results Findings indicated that dog ownership did not have a direct or indirect relationship on life satisfaction. However, time spent in dog walking was associated with frequency of social interactions, which itself had a positive association with life satisfaction. The bond with a dog was not directly associated with life satisfaction but was associated with dog walking. Discussion Dog walking is a promising strategy for simultaneously promoting better health and social engagement, and these factors in turn can promote greater life satisfaction of older adults.

scholarly journals Polypharmacy and Malnutrition Management of Elderly Perioperative Patients with Cancer: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1961
Author(s):  
Eiji Kose ◽  
Hidetaka Wakabayashi ◽  
Nobuhiro Yasuno
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Cachexia ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Nutritional Management ◽  
Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Anabolic Resistance ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
The Impact

Malnutrition, which commonly occurs in perioperative patients with cancer, leads to decreased muscle mass, hypoalbuminemia, and edema, thereby increasing the patient’s risk of various complications. Thus, the nutritional management of perioperative patients with cancer should be focused on to ensure that surgical treatment is safe and effective, postoperative complications are prevented, and mortality is reduced. Pathophysiological and drug-induced factors in elderly patients with cancer are associated with the risk of developing malnutrition. Pathophysiological factors include the effects of tumors, cachexia, and anorexia of aging. Metabolic changes, such as inflammation, excess catabolism, and anabolic resistance in patients with tumor-induced cancer alter the body’s ability to use essential nutrients. Drug-induced factors include the side effects of anticancer drugs and polypharmacy. Drug–drug, drug–disease, drug–nutrient, and drug–food interactions can significantly affect the patient’s nutritional status. Furthermore, malnutrition may affect pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, potentiate drug effects, and cause side effects. This review outlines polypharmacy and malnutrition, the impact of malnutrition on drug efficacy, drug–nutrient and drug–food interactions, and intervention effects on polypharmacy or cancer cachexia in elderly perioperative patients with cancer.

scholarly journals Physical activity in Brazil: lessons from ELSA-Brasil. Narrative review

2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco José Gondim Pitanga ◽  
Maria Conceição Chagas Almeida ◽  
Ciro Oliveira Queiroz ◽  
Estela Maria Leão de Aquino ◽  
Sheila Maria Alvim Matos
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Lipid Abnormalities

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) was conducted among civil servants at six higher education institutions located in six Brazilian state capitals. The objective of this review was to identify the publications produced within the scope of ELSA-Brasil that analyzed the participants’ physical activity. DESIGN AND SETTING: Review study using baseline data from ELSA-Brasil. METHODS: Narrative review of Brazilian studies on physical activity produced using data from ELSA-Brasil participants. RESULTS: The prevalence of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) among ELSA-Brasil participants was low (44.1% among men and 33.8% among women). The main factors associated were social (higher schooling and family income), environmental (living in places with conditions and opportunities for physical activity) and individual (not being obese, being retired, not smoking and positive perception of body image). The perception of facilities for walking in the neighborhood was positively associated with both LTPA and commuting-related physical activity. An active lifestyle was a protective factor against several cardiometa-bolic variables (hypertension, diabetes, lipid abnormalities and cardiovascular risk over the next 10 years). Comparison between LTPA and commuting-related physical activity showed that only LTPA had a protective effect against arterial hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of physical activity among ELSA-Brasil participants was low. The main determinants were social, environmental and personal. LTPA had a greater protective efect on cardio-metabolic outcomes than did commuting-related physical activity.

Altered Tryptophan and Neopterin Metabolism In Cancer Patients

Pteridines ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
Hiromi Iwagaki ◽  
Akio Hizuta ◽  
Yasuki Nitta ◽  
Noriaki Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Nicotinic Acid ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Cancer Cachexia ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Acid Pathway ◽  
High Level

Summary Plasma 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), tryptophan and neopterin levels were measured in patients with depressive cancer cachexia and in healthy controls during the same time period. Patients with advanced cancers had significantly raised neopterin, a marker of endogenous gamma-interferon (IFN-γ) production, but decreased serotonin and tryptophan levels. IFN-γ induces a high level of indoleamine dioxvgenase (IDO), a tryptophan degrading enzyme, which in turn increases metabolism along the tryptophan- nicotinic acid pathway, resulting in decreased synthesis of serotonin. These results suggest that persistent immune activation occur in patients with cancer cachexia, resulting in disorders involving tryptophan metabolism.

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